While subject-specific research shows that the use of picturebooks in foreign language lessons is beneficial to the acquisition of a foreign language as well as to the development of visual literacy, there is evidence that the use of picturebooks in German as a Foreign Language lessons in Sweden is being neglected. The main subject of this thesis is to offer suggestions as to how Antje Damm´s picturebook Der Besuch can be employed in German as a Foreign Language lessons in Sweden in order to uncover and discuss different responses to the alien by the main character. The philosophical background of this study is based on Bernhard Waldenfels´ notions of alienness and the event of responsivity. A central line of argument is that the plural character of our experiences determines how the alien is perceived. Bettina Schröder´s work Bild(er)leser wissen mehr! Das Bil-derbuch als Vermittler von “Visual Literacy”: Eine Aufgabe für die Kinder- und Jugendbibliotheksarbeit? is not only decisive for the analysis of the visual elements of the picturebook but also for the design of a questionnaire that enables the thematic exploration of Damm´s picturebook during German as a Foreign Language lessons. By separately analysing the visual and the verbal elements of the picturebook as well as their relationship, the result of the first part of this work points out four approaches to the alien by the main character: isolation, elimination, ignoration (Weghören) and hospitality. Furthermore, the thematic analysis of Der Besuch makes it evident that picture and text tell the same story in their own specific and autonomous way. Based on the results of the first part, the findings of the second part suggest a guideline as how Damm´s picturebook can be used in German as a Foreign Language lessons. A three-phased model presents a set of example questions designed to enable the meticulous exploration of the theme when working with the picturebook.

Durante o ciclo menstrual, o endométrio se torna receptivo à chegada do \"futuro embrião\". Estes eventos são regulados pela liberação de progesterona durante a fase secretória do ciclo, que aumenta a secreção do componente C3 do Sistema Complemento (SC). Neste período, também foi observado o aumento fisiológico da expressão de algumas proteínas reguladoras do SC (CRPs) como: C1Inh, C4bp, DAF, CD59 e clusterina, oque sugere uma forte regulação da atividade deste sistema, favorável à implantação e ao desenvolvimento embrionário. Modificações na expressão destas proteínas poderiam resultar em aborto espontâneo recorrente (AER).Neste trabalho estudou-se a expressão endometrial de DAF e CD59 noendométrio de pacientes com AER, durante a fase secretória do ciclo. Adicionalmente, verificou-se a ativação do SC através da presença do neoantígeno de C9 neste mesmo material. A casuística foi composta de nove mulheres férteis normais (Grupo Controle) e doze mulheres com AER (Grupo Aborto), todas analisadas durante a fase secretória do ciclo. A técnica utilizada para detecção destas proteínas foi a imunohistoquímica. O neoantígeno deC9 não foi detectado em nenhum dos grupos, tanto nas glândulas quanto no estroma endometrial. DAF e CD59 foram detectados tanto no Grupo Controle quanto no Grupo Aborto.Houve expressão nitidamente mais acentuada de ambas as CRPs, DAF e CD59, durante a fase secretória intermediária do Grupo Aborto, embora sem diferença estatística. Houve expressão para DAF e CD59 no estroma endometrial de ambos os grupos. Assim, os resultados deste trabalho apontam para a ausência do neoantígeno de C9 no endométrio humano normal e no endométrio humano de patologias como o AER. As CRPs, DAF e CD59, se mostraram presentes tanto no endométrio humano normal quanto no endométrio humano patológico por AER, com destaque para o aumento da expressão de DAF e CD59 na sub-fase intermediária secretória do ciclo menstrual, período crítico para a implantação, sugerindo que alguma alteração neste período possa resultar na posterior perda gestacional. / In the cycle menstrual, the endometrium becomes ready to the arrived of embryo future. These events are controlled by mechanisms like, liberation of progesterone during the secretory phase of cycle, that increases the secretion of C3 component of Complement System (CS). In this period, it was also observed the physiologic increase of the expressionof some CS regulatory proteins (CRPs) like: C1Inh, C4bp, DAF, CD59 and clusterin, a fact suggesting strong regulation of the activity this system. Changes in this regulation can be harmful to implantation and to embryonary development, causing recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). To goal of the present study is to evaluate the endometrial expression of the Membrane Complex Atack (MAC) of CS, representing by neoantígen C9, in the normal and patologic human endometrium with RSA during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and of the CRPs, DAF e CD59, in the patologic human endometrium with RSA during the secretory phase, contributing to better understanding of the CS regulation in the endometrium in no physiologic conditions. The study group consisted of twelve endometrial biopsy, during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, of women with RSA of no apparent cause, compared to a control group of nine endometrial biopsy, in the same phase, of normal fertile women evaluated to endometrial expression of the neoantígen C9, DAF e CD59 by the immunochemistry technique. Neoantigen C9 was not detected in any group, in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle in the endometrial glandular epithelium and stromal cells. DAF e CD59 were expressed in both groups during the secretory phase. DAF e CD59 were detected more intensely during the intermediate secretory phase of the Abortion Group when compared to the Control Group. Meanwhile, it not detected any significance difference. There was expression of DAF e CD59 in the stromal cells to the both groups. In summary, we data show that neoantígeno de C9 isn\'t expressed in the normal and patologic human endometrium, and the CRPs, DAF e CD59, are expressed in the normal and patologic human endometrium, predominating in the intermediary secretory phase of the cycle compared to the controls suggesting that some changes in the implantation period can result in the future gestational loss.

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo a investigação da influência do tamanho de partículas floculadas na eficiência da clarificação de águas para abastecimento por flotação por ar dissolvido (FAD) com o emprego de método e equipamento para a aquisição e análise de imagens especialmente desenvolvidos, tendo em vista à caracterização da distribuição de tamanho de flocos e microbolhas de ar, bem como, o estudo dos aglomerados bolhas-floco (em termos de número de microbolhas de ar aderidas e velocidade ascensional) presentes no processo de flotação e comparação dos dados experimentais àqueles obtidos em simulação com o emprego do modelo matemático proposto por Reali (1991). Os ensaios foram realizados com água sintética (turbidez de 7,5±0,2 NTU; cor aparente de 38±1 uC; alcalinidade de 29,8±0,6 mg\'CA\'CO IND.3\'/L; condutividade de 59,3±0,8 \'mü\'S/cm; UV254nm de 0,128±0,004 \'CM POT.-1\'), a qual foi coagulada com a aplicação de 1,9 mg/L de \'AL POT. 3+\' (pH de 6,6±0,05) e divididos em duas Fases: Fase 1 - ensaios preliminares realizados em escala de laboratório, com o emprego do flotateste; Fase 2 - ensaios realizados em unidade piloto de flotação. Os resultados alcançados demonstraram que: i) a distribuição de tamanho de partículas floculadas influenciou diretamente a clarificação por flotação da água em estudo, sendo que as melhores condições de floculação foram aquelas que conduziram à formação, em sua maioria, de partículas floculadas com diâmetro médio de Feret acima de 300 \'mü\'m; ii) os menores valores residuais dos parâmetros analisados na água em estudo foram alcançados com o emprego do tempo de floculação de 17 min, entretanto a FAD foi capaz de operar também com boa eficiência com a utilização de tempo de floculação de 10 min; iii) o método e equipamento desenvolvidos nesta pesquisa para a aquisição e análise de imagens demonstraram constituir importantes ferramentas para a obtenção das distribuições de tamanho de flocos e microbolhas de ar, bem como, para a determinação do número de microbolhas de ar aderidas às superfícies dos flocos e da velocidade ascensional dos aglomerados bolhas-floco gerados no processo de flotação; iv) mesmo com as diversas simplificações adotadas no desenvolvimento do modelo matemático analisado e considerando as condições experimentais utilizadas nesta pesquisa, foi possível verificar para a água em estudo e para as condições operacionais empregadas nesta pesquisa, que a modelação matemática proposta por Reali (1991) foi capaz de fornecer subsídios para uma adequada estimativa do número de microbolhas de ar aderidas aos flocos, bem como, das velocidades ascensionais dos aglomerados bolhas-floco. / The goal of this research was to investigate the flocculated particles size distribution influence on the dissolved air flotation (DAF) efficiency. Special image acquisition method and equipment were used to characterize the flocculated particles and air microbubbles size distribution, as well as, the clusters (in terms of microbubbles number adhered and rise velocity) in the contact zone outlet of the DAF unit. Besides that, the experimental results were compared with those obtained from the DAF modeling proposed by Reali (1991). The trials were carried out with synthetic water (temperature of 26.0 ± 0.5oC; turbidity of 7.5±0.2 NTU; apparent color of 38±1 CU; alkalinity of 29.8±0.6 mg\'CA\'\'CO IND.3\'/L; conductivity of 59.3±0.8 \'mü\'S/cm; UV254nm of 0.128±0.004 \'CM POT.-1\'), that it was coagulated by applying 1.9 mg/L of \'AL POT.3+\' (22.5 mg/L alum). The trials were divided into two phases: Phase 1 - preliminary tests carried out in laboratory facilities (flotatest); Phase 2 - tests carried out in pilot facilities (DAF pilot unit). The results showed that: i) the flocculation conditions interfered directly on the efficiency of DAF process, and the best flocculation conditions were those that conducted to formation of flocculated particles size with Feret mean diameter above 300 \'mü\'m; ii) the best results were obtained applying flocculation time of 17 min, however, DAF was also capable of operating with a satisfactory efficiency when applying flocculation time of 10 min; iii) the special image acquisition method and equipment developed in this research proved to be a important tool to characterize the flocculated particles and air microbubbles size distribution, as well as, the number of air microbubbles adhered to the flocs surface and the clusters rise velocity; iv) the DAF modeling developed by Reali (1991) provided a reliable prediction of the microbubbles number adhered to the flocs surface, as well as, the clusters rise velocity.

Durante o ciclo menstrual, o endométrio se torna receptivo à chegada do \"futuro embrião\". Estes eventos são regulados pela liberação de progesterona durante a fase secretória do ciclo, que aumenta a secreção do componente C3 do Sistema Complemento (SC). Neste período, também foi observado o aumento fisiológico da expressão de algumas proteínas reguladoras do SC (CRPs) como: C1Inh, C4bp, DAF, CD59 e clusterina, oque sugere uma forte regulação da atividade deste sistema, favorável à implantação e ao desenvolvimento embrionário. Modificações na expressão destas proteínas poderiam resultar em aborto espontâneo recorrente (AER).Neste trabalho estudou-se a expressão endometrial de DAF e CD59 noendométrio de pacientes com AER, durante a fase secretória do ciclo. Adicionalmente, verificou-se a ativação do SC através da presença do neoantígeno de C9 neste mesmo material. A casuística foi composta de nove mulheres férteis normais (Grupo Controle) e doze mulheres com AER (Grupo Aborto), todas analisadas durante a fase secretória do ciclo. A técnica utilizada para detecção destas proteínas foi a imunohistoquímica. O neoantígeno deC9 não foi detectado em nenhum dos grupos, tanto nas glândulas quanto no estroma endometrial. DAF e CD59 foram detectados tanto no Grupo Controle quanto no Grupo Aborto.Houve expressão nitidamente mais acentuada de ambas as CRPs, DAF e CD59, durante a fase secretória intermediária do Grupo Aborto, embora sem diferença estatística. Houve expressão para DAF e CD59 no estroma endometrial de ambos os grupos. Assim, os resultados deste trabalho apontam para a ausência do neoantígeno de C9 no endométrio humano normal e no endométrio humano de patologias como o AER. As CRPs, DAF e CD59, se mostraram presentes tanto no endométrio humano normal quanto no endométrio humano patológico por AER, com destaque para o aumento da expressão de DAF e CD59 na sub-fase intermediária secretória do ciclo menstrual, período crítico para a implantação, sugerindo que alguma alteração neste período possa resultar na posterior perda gestacional. / In the cycle menstrual, the endometrium becomes ready to the arrived of embryo future. These events are controlled by mechanisms like, liberation of progesterone during the secretory phase of cycle, that increases the secretion of C3 component of Complement System (CS). In this period, it was also observed the physiologic increase of the expressionof some CS regulatory proteins (CRPs) like: C1Inh, C4bp, DAF, CD59 and clusterin, a fact suggesting strong regulation of the activity this system. Changes in this regulation can be harmful to implantation and to embryonary development, causing recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). To goal of the present study is to evaluate the endometrial expression of the Membrane Complex Atack (MAC) of CS, representing by neoantígen C9, in the normal and patologic human endometrium with RSA during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and of the CRPs, DAF e CD59, in the patologic human endometrium with RSA during the secretory phase, contributing to better understanding of the CS regulation in the endometrium in no physiologic conditions. The study group consisted of twelve endometrial biopsy, during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, of women with RSA of no apparent cause, compared to a control group of nine endometrial biopsy, in the same phase, of normal fertile women evaluated to endometrial expression of the neoantígen C9, DAF e CD59 by the immunochemistry technique. Neoantigen C9 was not detected in any group, in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle in the endometrial glandular epithelium and stromal cells. DAF e CD59 were expressed in both groups during the secretory phase. DAF e CD59 were detected more intensely during the intermediate secretory phase of the Abortion Group when compared to the Control Group. Meanwhile, it not detected any significance difference. There was expression of DAF e CD59 in the stromal cells to the both groups. In summary, we data show that neoantígeno de C9 isn\'t expressed in the normal and patologic human endometrium, and the CRPs, DAF e CD59, are expressed in the normal and patologic human endometrium, predominating in the intermediary secretory phase of the cycle compared to the controls suggesting that some changes in the implantation period can result in the future gestational loss.

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo a investigação da influência do tamanho de partículas floculadas na eficiência da clarificação de águas para abastecimento por flotação por ar dissolvido (FAD) com o emprego de método e equipamento para a aquisição e análise de imagens especialmente desenvolvidos, tendo em vista à caracterização da distribuição de tamanho de flocos e microbolhas de ar, bem como, o estudo dos aglomerados bolhas-floco (em termos de número de microbolhas de ar aderidas e velocidade ascensional) presentes no processo de flotação e comparação dos dados experimentais àqueles obtidos em simulação com o emprego do modelo matemático proposto por Reali (1991). Os ensaios foram realizados com água sintética (turbidez de 7,5±0,2 NTU; cor aparente de 38±1 uC; alcalinidade de 29,8±0,6 mg\'CA\'CO IND.3\'/L; condutividade de 59,3±0,8 \'mü\'S/cm; UV254nm de 0,128±0,004 \'CM POT.-1\'), a qual foi coagulada com a aplicação de 1,9 mg/L de \'AL POT. 3+\' (pH de 6,6±0,05) e divididos em duas Fases: Fase 1 - ensaios preliminares realizados em escala de laboratório, com o emprego do flotateste; Fase 2 - ensaios realizados em unidade piloto de flotação. Os resultados alcançados demonstraram que: i) a distribuição de tamanho de partículas floculadas influenciou diretamente a clarificação por flotação da água em estudo, sendo que as melhores condições de floculação foram aquelas que conduziram à formação, em sua maioria, de partículas floculadas com diâmetro médio de Feret acima de 300 \'mü\'m; ii) os menores valores residuais dos parâmetros analisados na água em estudo foram alcançados com o emprego do tempo de floculação de 17 min, entretanto a FAD foi capaz de operar também com boa eficiência com a utilização de tempo de floculação de 10 min; iii) o método e equipamento desenvolvidos nesta pesquisa para a aquisição e análise de imagens demonstraram constituir importantes ferramentas para a obtenção das distribuições de tamanho de flocos e microbolhas de ar, bem como, para a determinação do número de microbolhas de ar aderidas às superfícies dos flocos e da velocidade ascensional dos aglomerados bolhas-floco gerados no processo de flotação; iv) mesmo com as diversas simplificações adotadas no desenvolvimento do modelo matemático analisado e considerando as condições experimentais utilizadas nesta pesquisa, foi possível verificar para a água em estudo e para as condições operacionais empregadas nesta pesquisa, que a modelação matemática proposta por Reali (1991) foi capaz de fornecer subsídios para uma adequada estimativa do número de microbolhas de ar aderidas aos flocos, bem como, das velocidades ascensionais dos aglomerados bolhas-floco. / The goal of this research was to investigate the flocculated particles size distribution influence on the dissolved air flotation (DAF) efficiency. Special image acquisition method and equipment were used to characterize the flocculated particles and air microbubbles size distribution, as well as, the clusters (in terms of microbubbles number adhered and rise velocity) in the contact zone outlet of the DAF unit. Besides that, the experimental results were compared with those obtained from the DAF modeling proposed by Reali (1991). The trials were carried out with synthetic water (temperature of 26.0 ± 0.5oC; turbidity of 7.5±0.2 NTU; apparent color of 38±1 CU; alkalinity of 29.8±0.6 mg\'CA\'\'CO IND.3\'/L; conductivity of 59.3±0.8 \'mü\'S/cm; UV254nm of 0.128±0.004 \'CM POT.-1\'), that it was coagulated by applying 1.9 mg/L of \'AL POT.3+\' (22.5 mg/L alum). The trials were divided into two phases: Phase 1 - preliminary tests carried out in laboratory facilities (flotatest); Phase 2 - tests carried out in pilot facilities (DAF pilot unit). The results showed that: i) the flocculation conditions interfered directly on the efficiency of DAF process, and the best flocculation conditions were those that conducted to formation of flocculated particles size with Feret mean diameter above 300 \'mü\'m; ii) the best results were obtained applying flocculation time of 17 min, however, DAF was also capable of operating with a satisfactory efficiency when applying flocculation time of 10 min; iii) the special image acquisition method and equipment developed in this research proved to be a important tool to characterize the flocculated particles and air microbubbles size distribution, as well as, the number of air microbubbles adhered to the flocs surface and the clusters rise velocity; iv) the DAF modeling developed by Reali (1991) provided a reliable prediction of the microbubbles number adhered to the flocs surface, as well as, the clusters rise velocity.

<p>The purpose of this diploma work was to investigate the problem of insufficient fibre recovery in the dissolved air flotation-cell at the new thermomechanical pulping-line at Braviken Paper Mill. An investigation of the effect of process parameters on the removal efficiency in the micro-flotation process was undertaken.</p><p>The experiments were carried out for two setups at the Noss pilot plant with a small-scale flotation unit. Factorial design helped plan the experiments and four factors were controlled; temperature, fibre-size distribution, water quality and feed concentration. Three samples, feed, overflow and filtrate, were taken from each experiment and concentration measurements were made. The results were analyzed using the software MODDE.</p><p>The results from showed an influence from the fibre-size distribution. To see if the fibre-size distribution really had an effect on the results, follow-up experiments were carried out. These experiments showed no influence from temperature, fibre-size distribution or water quality. This concludes that none of those three factors influenced the results significantly.</p><p>Additional experiments were done to examine the influence from concentration and fibre-size distribution on the flotation efficiency and these showed an influence from the feed concentration. When increasing the feed concentration the efficiency of the flotation process decreased.</p>

The varying presentations of the rules for nicht and kein found in intermediate grammar books for students in North America and DaF-learners in Germany highlight the difficulty in finding sources that are both reliable and consistent as well as easily applicable. This thesis seeks to compare the explanations found in A.E. Hammer’s German Grammar and Usage (revised by Martin Durrell), Helbig/Buscha’s Deutsche Grammatik, and Hall/Scheiner’s Übungsgrammatik, comparing all three to the basis of their information, Duden: die Grammatik. In order to assess how and where these sources converge and diverge, the analysis compares the intended use of each book, followed by the underlying concepts and terms, and then finally the rules for negation. The final two chapters attempt to answer two important questions that arise from comparing these sources. First, do beginner level textbooks prepare students with sufficient declarative grammar knowledge to understand and apply negation rules successfully? An analysis of Kontakte’s approach to teaching grammar, most specifically how to use nicht and kein, seeks to answer the first question. Secondly, could authors use a different approach for explaining this difficult grammar topic? Professor Hardarik Blühdorn’s approach, as presented in his course Negation: Syntax, Prosodie und Semantik at the Universität Mannheim during the Fall semester of 2007, serves as an example of new research. His different approach might help non-native speakers of German learn how to use nicht and kein correctly. The analysis reaches three main conclusions. First of all, the rules differ primarily in the amount of detail used, as well as in the inconsistent use of common terminology across the sources. Secondly, beginner’s level textbooks do not provide students with sufficient information about general grammar or negation to help them transition to using explanations found in intermediate grammar books. In order to understand the rules of nicht and kein, these students must first work through the background material methodically. Finally, intermediate learners could not rely on Professor Blühdorn’s approach, as it focuses on the scope of nicht, not on the correct placement of nicht in order to negate an entire sentence. Appendix B provides a chart comparing the rules found in each source.

No description available.

The purpose of this diploma work was to investigate the problem of insufficient fibre recovery in the dissolved air flotation-cell at the new thermomechanical pulping-line at Braviken Paper Mill. An investigation of the effect of process parameters on the removal efficiency in the micro-flotation process was undertaken. The experiments were carried out for two setups at the Noss pilot plant with a small-scale flotation unit. Factorial design helped plan the experiments and four factors were controlled; temperature, fibre-size distribution, water quality and feed concentration. Three samples, feed, overflow and filtrate, were taken from each experiment and concentration measurements were made. The results were analyzed using the software MODDE. The results from showed an influence from the fibre-size distribution. To see if the fibre-size distribution really had an effect on the results, follow-up experiments were carried out. These experiments showed no influence from temperature, fibre-size distribution or water quality. This concludes that none of those three factors influenced the results significantly. Additional experiments were done to examine the influence from concentration and fibre-size distribution on the flotation efficiency and these showed an influence from the feed concentration. When increasing the feed concentration the efficiency of the flotation process decreased.

The varying presentations of the rules for <em> nicht</em> and <em>kein</em> found in intermediate grammar books for students in North America and DaF-learners in Germany highlight the difficulty in finding sources that are both reliable and consistent as well as easily applicable. This thesis seeks to compare the explanations found in A.E. Hammer’s <em>German Grammar and Usage</em> (revised by Martin Durrell), Helbig/Buscha’s <em>Deutsche Grammatik</em>, and Hall/Scheiner’s <em>Übungsgrammatik</em>, comparing all three to the basis of their information, <em>Duden: die Grammatik</em>. In order to assess how and where these sources converge and diverge, the analysis compares the intended use of each book, followed by the underlying concepts and terms, and then finally the rules for negation. The final two chapters attempt to answer two important questions that arise from comparing these sources. First, do beginner level textbooks prepare students with sufficient declarative grammar knowledge to understand and apply negation rules successfully? An analysis of <em>Kontakte’s</em> approach to teaching grammar, most specifically how to use <em>nicht</em> and <em>kein</em>, seeks to answer the first question. Secondly, could authors use a different approach for explaining this difficult grammar topic? Professor Hardarik Blühdorn’s approach, as presented in his course <em>Negation: Syntax, Prosodie und Semantik</em> at the Universität Mannheim during the Fall semester of 2007, serves as an example of new research. His different approach might help non-native speakers of German learn how to use <em>nicht</em> and <em>kein</em> correctly. The analysis reaches three main conclusions. First of all, the rules differ primarily in the amount of detail used, as well as in the inconsistent use of common terminology across the sources. Secondly, beginner’s level textbooks do not provide students with sufficient information about general grammar or negation to help them transition to using explanations found in intermediate grammar books. In order to understand the rules of <em>nicht</em> and <em>kein</em>, these students must first work through the background material methodically. Finally, intermediate learners could not rely on Professor Blühdorn’s approach, as it focuses on the scope of <em>nicht</em>, not on the correct placement of <em>nicht</em> in order to negate an entire sentence. Appendix B provides a chart comparing the rules found in each source.