Les verres de chalcogénure sont ont une grande importance dans des applications optoélectroniques, mais aussi pour leur réseau covalent qui leur procure une "variabilité structurale" accrue. Ce projet étudie des alliages Ge-Se et utilise l'association d'analyses dynamique moléculaire (AIMD), de simulations et de diffusion des rayons X afin de déterminer la structure et la dynamique des phases liquide et vitreuse sous pression. Les alliages de Ge-Se permettent la "formation de verre" sur une large gamme de conditions, ce qui permet de contrôler la rigidité du réseau en augmentant le nombre moyen de coordination en fonction de la teneur en Ge ce qui affectera les propriétés macroscopiques du matériau, comme la résistance au vieillissement, la dureté, la conductivité et la fragilité. Dans cette optique, nous étudions 10 compositions générées/calculées par AIMD, et 5 autres compositions déterminées expérimentalement (i.e par trempe ) couvrant les domaines transitions élastiques souple-rigide suivant les critères de stabilité isostatique de Maxwell. Dans le cas de l'état liquide, la comparaison au préalable des données de la expérimentale permet de valider les modèles structuraux, pour ensuite examiner la dynamique des liquides de Ge-Se à pression ambiante. En partant du postulat que la mobilité atomique du système décroit en devenant plus rigide, l'étude des coefficients de diffusion et de la viscosité à 1050 K a montré des anomalies flagrantes... / Among network forming glasses, chalcogenide glasses are of great importance not only for their optoelectronic applications, but also for the network structure that displays enhanced structural variability due to the covalent bonding network. In this project, we study the Ge-Se binary alloy as the target system in order to investigate the structure and dynamics of the liquid and glassy phases under pressure by using a combination of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and X-ray scattering experiments...

Social and environmental problems have never been so evident as today. Ways of using, and even appropriation of resources and/or natural assets have been questioned and analyzed nowadays. The creation of protected natural areas has become a precautionary measure and also normative in order to provide future generations the right to use these resources / assets. Thus, this analysis aims to ponder over the perceptions and practices of residents, visitors and managers in respect to Cajueiro Mountain Range, Itabaiana, Sergipe. This research is embedded in the whole of the National Park of Sierra Itabaiana. The descriptive exploratory research investigates the perceptions and practices of individuals related to the Serra do Cajueiro, rise the elements of perceived Serra, identify conservation practices in relation to it and assess whether Cajueiro is considered an asset for those who use it. The interdisciplinary nature of this research is done through the joints involving the fields that pass by the various disciplines related to the social, environmental, cultural, spatial and political. For data collection in the field research, it was used the techniques of passive observation and semi-structured interviews. The instruments used were mental maps and interviews in the formal and informal ambit. Information was worked using the content analysis and the mental maps were tabulated and analyzed taking into consideration the natural elements, constructed and human. The results showed that perceptions of residents and visitors do not converge with the practices, but for the residents, these routine practices establish a functional linkl and/or symbolic, configurating the Serra do Cajueiro as foundational to build the life history of those who use it in their daily lives. For visitors Serra is considered an asset from the perspective of the process of bureaucratization in which it is inserted. / Os problemas de cunho socioambiental nunca estiveram tão evidentes como na atualidade. As formas de uso, utilização e até mesmo de apropriação dos recursos e/ou bens naturais vêm sendo questionadas e analisadas na contemporaneidade. A criação de áreas naturais protegidas tornou-se uma medida cautelar e ao mesmo tempo normativa de proporcionar às gerações futuras o direito a usufruir desses recursos/bens. Nesse sentido, esta análise busca a reflexão sobre as percepções e as práticas dos moradores, visitantes e gestores em relação a Serra do Cajueiro, Itabaiana, Sergipe. Esta está inserida no conjunto do Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana. A pesquisa de caráter exploratório descritivo buscou analisar as percepções e as práticas dos sujeitos que se relacionam com a Serra do Cajueiro, levantar os elementos da Serra percebidos, identificar práticas de conservação em relação a mesma e avaliar se a Serra do Cajueiro é considerada um patrimônio por aqueles que se utilizam dela. A interdisciplinaridade desta pesquisa dá-se através das articulações envolvendo os campos que perpassam as diferentes disciplinas relacionadas ao contexto social, ambiental, cultural, espacial e político. Para coleta de dados em campo utilizou-se as técnicas da observação participativa passiva e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram os mapas mentais e os roteiros de entrevistas, em âmbito formal e informal. As informações foram trabalhadas utilizando-se da analise de conteúdo e os mapas mentais foram tabulados e analisados levando-se em consideração os elementos naturais, construídos e humanos. Os resultados apresentaram que as percepções dos moradores e visitantes não convergem com as práticas, no entanto para os moradores essas práticas rotineiras estabelecem um vinculo funcional e/ou simbólico, configurando a Serra do Cajueiro como bem fundante para construção da história de vida dos que utilizam-na em seu cotidiano. Para os visitantes a Serra é considerada um bem sob a perspectiva do processo de burocratização no qual a mesma se insere.

The sub-basin of Poxim river (BHRP), with an area of 397 km2, is located in the eastern portion of Sergipe State (10 ° 55'-10 ° 45' S, 37 ° 05'-37 ° 22' W) and falls partially in the counties of Aracaju, São Cristóvão, Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Laranjeiras, Itaporanga d'Ajuda e Areia Branca. The population of the municipalities set out in its coastal portion, comprising the metropolitan area of Aracaju, close to 800,000 inhabitants, almost entirely set in the urban area. In order to analyze the environmental dynamics in the process of occupation of BHRP and the importance of natural resources available for development in the period between 1970 and 2010, we used the methodology of the integrated study of the landscape, according to the proposed Bovet Pla; Ribas Vilas (1992). We assessed the availability, use and vulnerability of natural resources, through the description of geo-environmental aspects - geology, geomorphology and climate; occurrence and soil characteristics, components of biodiversity - fauna and flora; availability, quality and demand for water resources, the socioeconomic factors - a history of regional occupation, development indicators, elements and factors of population growth, population dynamics, production activities and aspects of sanitation. Results showed that BHRP characterized by having their portion in an eminently coastal urbanized - fueled initially by government policies of industrialization and then by the construction of housing subdivisions and release - which is fully consolidated in Aracaju 1990. However, Nossa Senhora do Socorro and São Critóvão, adjacent to that, are subjected to the same phenomenon. They were recognized as natural resources available in BHRP components of biodiversity - fauna and terrestrial and aquatic flora, water resources, mineral resources and inventory of soils that, generally, have been used, often to the detriment of your stock. Land use, whether in urban or rural area, has promoted its depletion, such as removal of vegetation for human settlement and development of pastures and sugar cane plantations and illegal occupation of their margins. The BHRP stands out as an important source of supply of the RMA, particularly in Aracaju, which contributes approximately 30% and in the locality Grande Rosa Elze, supplying nearly 50.000 inhabitants. Also in São Cristóvão, the river Pitanga is used as the source, which contributes 10% of the supply of treated water and, likewise, suffers from human interference. To supply Aracaju in its entirety, the provision should be added to that enjoyed by the São Francisco river. The mineral resources such as sand and clay, have been widely used in the consolidation of the urban perimeter. The floodplain and the estuary of the rivers Pitanga and Poxim are used as depositories of effluents and untreated sewage, coming from industries and residences located on its banks, specifically in Nossa Senhora do Socorro. This leads to impairment of its quality for human supply. In Aracaju, better covered by sewage system, the river Poxim in its estuarine portion receives several discharges of sewage, so clandestine, residential and industrial, which may compromise the durability and quality of wildlife, especially intended for human consumption. / A sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Poxim (BHRP), com superfície de 397 km2, está localizada na porção leste de Sergipe (10°55’-10°45’S e 37°05’-37°22’W) e insere-se parcialmente nos municípios de Aracaju, São Cristóvão, Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Laranjeiras, Itaporanga d’Ajuda e Areia Branca. A população dos municípios estabelecidos em sua porção costeira, que compõem a Região Metropolitana de Aracaju, aproxima-se a 800 mil habitantes, em sua quase totalidade estabelecida na zona urbana. Com o objetivo de analisar a dinâmica ambiental no processo da ocupação da BHRP e a importância dos recursos naturais disponíveis para o seu desenvolvimento, no período compreendido entre 1970 e 2010, recorreu-se a metodologia do estudo integrado da paisagem, de acordo com a proposta de Bovet Pla; Ribas Vilàs (1992). Foram avaliadas disponibilidade, utilização e vulnerabilidade dos recursos naturais, através da descrição dos aspectos geoambientais – geologia, geomorfologia, e clima; ocorrência e características dos solos; componentes da biodiversidade – fauna e flora; disponibilidade, qualidade e demanda de recursos hídricos; os aspectos socioeconômicos – antecedentes de ocupação regional, indicadores de desenvolvimento, elementos e fatores de crescimento demográfico, dinâmica populacional; as atividades produtivas e os aspectos de saneamento. Os resultados permitiram verificar que a BHRP caracteriza-se por ter em sua porção costeira um caráter eminentemente urbanizado - fomentado inicialmente, por políticas públicas de industrialização e, depois, pela construção de conjuntos habitacionais e liberação de loteamentos - que se consolidou totalmente em Aracaju em 1990. Entretanto, os municípios Nossa Senhora do Socorro e São Cristóvão, limítrofes àquele, se encontram submetidos ao mesmo fenômeno. Foram reconhecidos como recursos naturais disponíveis na BHRP os componentes da biodiversidade – fauna terrestre e aquática e flora, recursos hídricos, recursos minerais e estoque de solos que, de forma geral, têm sido utilizados, muitas vezes com prejuízo para o seu estoque. A ocupação do solo, quer na zona urbana ou rural, tem promovido a sua depleção, como retirada da cobertura vegetal, para assentamentos humanos e formação de pastagens e canaviais e ocupação irregular de suas margens. A BHRP destaca-se como importante manancial de abastecimento da RMA, particularmente de Aracaju, em que contribui com aproximadamente 30% e para São Cristóvão, na região conhecida como Grande Rosa Elze, abastecendo, aproximadamente 50 mil habitantes. Também em São Cristóvão, o rio Pitanga é utilizado como manancial para abastecimento, pois contribui com 10% da oferta de água tratada e, da mesma forma, sofre com a interferência antrópica. Para abastecimento de Aracaju em sua totalidade, a oferta deve ser somada ao disponibilizado pela Adutora do rio São Francisco. Os recursos minerais, como areia e argilas, têm sido amplamente utilizados na consolidação do perímetro urbano. A planície de inundação e o estuário dos rios Poxim e Pitanga são utilizados como depositários de efluentes e esgotamento sanitário sem tratamento, advindo de indústrias e residências localizadas as suas margens, especificamente em Nossa Senhora do Socorro. Esta situação leva ao comprometimento de sua qualidade para abastecimento humano. Em Aracaju, melhor contemplada por sistema de esgotamento sanitário, o rio Poxim, na sua porção estuarina recebe vários despejos de esgoto, de modo clandestino, residenciais e industriais, que podem comprometer a permanência e qualidade da fauna, especialmente destinada ao consumo humano. / São Cristóvão, SE

The basin of the river Piauitinga is located in south-central portion of the state of Sergipe, being responsible for water supply in some municipalities Sergipe, which did not avoid the areas around the springs, framed as environmental protection (as forestry code ) are almost in its entirety cleared. Thus, this study seeks to characterize the soils in their local environment to serve as a benchmark for future comparisons between areas of nascent and degraded in the process of recovery and assess physical attributes, chemical and microbiological soil around the springs of this river for more understanding the dynamics of semi-physical. The sources were classified as its recharge and about their conservation status. We selected the areas for revegetation of each source and these were grouped according to their position in the landscape. The environmental and pedological characteristics of the study sites was performed by observing the local landscape, the opening of micro-trenches and tradagens soil. The soils were described and classified morphologically. Slides were prepared for x-ray diffraction of clay. Could a group of springs according to their positions of landscape and local soil characteristics below (BA), with slope horizon A (EA), slope without horizon A (ES), with slope hydromorphic (EH) and foothills of gentle slope (SE). The attributes were analyzed in samples at depths of 0 to 0.1 m and 0.1 to 0.3 m. Were determined: texture, organic particulate matter, stability of macro aggregates, mean diameter of aggregates, the value of color, pH, organic C, Ca, Ca + Mg, Mg, Al, Na, K, P, H + Al, N, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, Al saturation of, microbial respiration, C and N microbial biomass and enzyme activity (FDA). The similarity and / or dissimilarity among sites (spatial) was investigated by multivariate analysis "non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS), from the distance of Sorensen. Were determined by Pearson's correlation coefficients between the axes of the NMS ordination by and between the different attributes. The sites around the headwaters of the River High Piauitinga positions are distributed in erosicionais (breaking-of-focus), and download a single case of foot gentle slope of the top of coastal tablelands. Its main features are the strong hydromorphic (Gleissolos Cambisols and Haplic Gleissolos), and / or the low level of development (Cambisols and Haplic Plinthosols, both with much skeletal material - quartz and petroplinthite - many with eroded phase). The physical, chemical and biological studied by means of multivariate analysis allowed the construction of an environmental gradient, with decreasing quality of soil in the sequence: BA, EH, EA and ES. It is believed that it is possible redefinitions of strategies for the revegetation of the upper course of the spring basin, extrapolate soil quality in areas of springs of water bodies with similar characteristics and reflect on strategies for restoring degraded areas. / A bacia hidrográfica do rio Piauitinga está localizada na porção centro-sul do estado de Sergipe, sendo responsável pelo abastecimento de água de alguns municípios sergipanos, o que não evitou que as áreas do entorno de nascentes, enquadradas como de proteção ambiental (conforme código florestal), estejam quase em sua totalidade desmatadas. Assim, o presente estudo procura caracterizar os solos locais na sua ambiência para servir como um referencial em futuras comparações entre áreas de nascentes degradadas e em processo de recuperação e avaliar atributos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos do solo no entorno de nascentes deste rio, para maior entendimento da dinâmica do meio-físico. As nascentes foram classificadas quanto a sua recarga e quanto ao seu estado de conservação. Foram selecionadas as áreas de revegetação de cada nascente e estas foram agrupados de acordo com a sua posição na paisagem. A caracterização ambiental e pedológica dos sítios de estudo foi realizada pela observação da paisagem local, pela abertura de micro-trincheiras e por tradagens dos solos. Os solos foram descritos morfologicamente e classificados. Foram confeccionadas lâminas para a difração de raios-x da fração argila. Foi possível o agrupamento das nascentes de acordo com suas posições de paisagem e das características dos solos locais em baixada (BA), encosta com horizonte A (EA), encosta sem horizonte A (ES), encosta com hidromorfismo (EH) e sopé de encosta suave (SE). Os atributos foram analisados em amostras nas profundidades de 0 a 0,1m e 0,1 a 0,3m. Foram determinados: textura, matéria orgânica particulada, estabilidade de macro agregados, diâmetro médio de agregados, valor da cor, pH, C orgânico, Ca, Ca+Mg, Mg, Al, Na, K, P, H+Al, N, soma de bases, capacidade de troca catiônica, saturação de bases, saturação de Al, respiração microbiana, C e N da biomassa microbiana e atividade enzimática (FDA). A similaridade e/ou, dissimilaridade entre os sítios (ordenamento) foi averiguada pela análise multivariada non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS), a partir da distância de Sorensen. Determinaram-se os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre os eixos da ordenação por NMS e entre os diferentes atributos. Os sítios do entorno das nascentes do alto curso do rio Piauitinga estão distribuídos em posições erosicionais (quebra-de-relevo), baixadas e um único caso de sopé de encosta suave de topo de tabuleiros costeiros. Suas principais características são o forte hidromorfismo (Gleissolos e Cambissolos Háplicos gleissólicos) e/ou, o baixo grau de desenvolvimento (Cambissolos Háplicos e Plintossolos, ambos com muito material esquelético quartzo e petroplintita muitos com fase erodida). As variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas estudadas, por meio da análise multivariada, permitiram a construção de um gradiente ambiental, com a qualidade dos solos decrescente na seqüência: BA, EH, EA e ES. Acredita-se que seja possível redefinições de estratégias para a revegetação das nascentes do alto curso dessa bacia hidrográfica, extrapolar a qualidade do solo para áreas de nascentes de cursos d água com características semelhantes e refletir sobre estratégias para restauração de áreas degradadas.

The aim of this paper is to use a cultural-hermeneutic methodology to investigate how meaning is constructed in a contemporary social situation (co-culturally) and to suggest the Christian concept incurvatus in se as a critical theological resource (counter-culturally). Central to this account is how to think theologically in a secular situation. It could also be understood as a habermasian translation of a christian experience of the human problem as curved into themselves (homo incurvatus in se) into a existential language for a (possibly) universal experience. I liken this curvedness to the pervasive individualism of today’s society and argue that meaning-making based on the idea of individual freedom can lead to a lack of meaning and existential emptiness.  To arrive at a discussion of incurvatus in se as a theologically critical resource for the study of existential emptiness, I analyze film, parenting and worship to get an idea of what a meaning-making process can look like in these examples. The result of this analysis suggests that by viewing these activities as something that points beyond themselves, rather than something that only reflects the subjective, they can play a meaning-making role.  In light of this result and the interpretation of the situation, I propose a concept of humans as homo incurvatus in se as contrast to an idealization of individual freedom and selfrealization. Overall, this study develops a excurvatus ex se approach that is constituted by conscious and critical meaning-making and argues further that a modified understanding of the human problem as curved into themselves can serve as an incentive, or even a primus motor, to seek meaning outside the subjective in a responsible way.

Se Enkhbayar (b. 1956) is one of the most important contemporary Mongolian composers in China. His choral tone poem, Önchin Botog, integrates the traditional Mongolian musical elements Urtiin Duu (long song) and Khöömii (throat singing) with modern choral music and is one of the most representative works in the genre of modern Mongolian choral music. The purpose of this study is to provide a performance guidance for non-Mongolian musicians on Se Enkhbayar's work, Önchin Botog, by presenting his biographical and cultural backgrounds, discussing the use of traditional Mongolian singing styles, special rhythmic patterns (horse-step rhythm) and Chinese pentatonic scales. For conductors, this guide can shorten preparation time by providing musical analysis for artistic interpretation and practical points for sound effect creation. For solo singers, this guide will enable a Bel Canto singer to sing Urtiin Duu in Mongolian singing style. For Khöömii singers, this guide provides supplementary practical suggestions.

This master`s thesis analyzes the pressure distribution on the premises of scintillation detector secondary electron in the variant with three aperture. The aim of this study is analyzing the fluid flow depending on the application of the third aperture in the entrance of the detector, thus creating more self-pumped chamber, which is responsible for ensuring a better distribution of pressure in the premises of the detector. The result of the analysis would be determining how to change parameters within the detector. If it is found that application of the third aperture has a positive effect on water flow in the premises of the detector, this arrangement may be used for improvement of the detector. Master`s thesis is divided into several chapters. First describes the basic principles of electron microscopy, including sample preparation, conditions for the proper functioning of microscopes and sharing different types of electron microscopes. The next chapters describe briefly the physical descriptions of gases flow in low pressures and small apertures, the mathematical models and simulation software used in this analysis. The analysis is done in SolidWorks with the module called Cosmos FloSimulation. The conclusion summarizes the results of the analysis, including graphical representations of simulation.

The subject of this master´s thesis is the project of human resources development in the company Siemens Elektromotory s. r. o., plant Frenštát p. R. The goal of this project is to obtain finance granted by EU funds. Thesis is based on identification of possible ways of financing, analyzing of present situation and development possibilities in HR environment and preparation of project application.

This thesis deals with the topic of international arms trade. More particularly, it deals with the arms trade in three chosen countries - the United States, Sweden and Russia. In general, this work brings coherent data and analyzes the arms trade issue, especially in the countries chosen for this academic work. The aim is to present arms trade problematics of these three countries to the reader as well as to bring the valuable analyzes on the chosen topic and finally to compare the case countries in order to find the differences and common characteristics. The main goal of this thesis is to find the answers on the research questions. The two most important research questions are: What are the current trends and future of the international arms trade in the U.S., Sweden and Russia? How does the arms trade differ in these countries? The first research question is focused on present and future development of arms trade, on the other hand second one gives partially comparative nature to the thesis. The thesis is based on comparative case study method. Through the deep examination of this three case countries the work comes to the answers designed in the research questions. Thesis concludes the raising importance of the arms trade as the instrument of influence. In addition, growing of volume of arms...

The topic of my diploma thesis is - a social worker, life experience. In the text of the thesis I focused mainly on a social worker, on the social worker who does this work for the Child Social and Legal Protection Authority. In my diploma thesis, I elaborated five chapters on the basis of academic literature. The sixth chapter of my work deals with methodological research. In the first chapter I dealt with the history of social work. This chapter is included in my work due to the experience acquired from my practice. What social work looks like today is thanks to the history and the lessons taken from it. It is the basis for the further development of new experience for new social workers. In the second chapter, I focused on the aspects that are needed in order to become a social worker. What should be the prerequisites to be able to do this work, and what ethical rules should the worker follow. In the third chapter, I focus on a particular OSPOD worker, and on his most common job content. There I describe the job, which is the most demanding for the worker. The first contact with the child, social investigation and individual planning. The fourth and fifth chapters follow each other. In the fourth chapter I describe what complications can arise while carrying out the job as a social worker. In...