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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

¿Opiniones, normas o pura necesidad? : La modalidad deóntica y la modalidad dinámica a través de deber y tener que

Thegel, Miriam January 2017 (has links)
This study focuses on the notions of deontic and dynamic modality in Spanish and how they are expressed through the modal verbs deber ‘must’ and tener que ‘have to’. The analysis is based on a corpus of political debates from the European Parliament, conducted 2010‒2011 by Spanish MEPs. In total, 578 occurrences of deber and 334 occurrences of tener que have been studied in detail, in order to understand their semantic and pragmatic behavior. Out of the 912 cases, 860 were classified as deontic necessity and 52 as dynamic necessity. When separating the deontic readings from the dynamic ones, the notions of volitivity and factuality proved to be crucial: whereas deontic cases are volitive and non-factual, dynamic cases can be described as non-volitive and, to a high extent, factual. In order to further examine the deontic uses, four classificatory variables were taken into account, namely, grammatical person, degree of agentivity, tense and source of the necessity. The distributions of deber and tener que were analyzed using Chi-square tests. Statistically significant differences were found for all four variables. The results show that deber is highly preferred in the third person, whereas tener que occurs equally often in the first and third person. Moreover, deber occurs more frequently in contexts which obscure the responsible agent, such as the impersonal se construction and inanimate subjects. As far as tense is concerned, the major difference between deber and tener que is found in the conditional tense, where tener que barely occurs, while deber is fairly frequent. A final difference between the two verbs is that the speaker usually is the source of the necessity when tener que is used, whereas deber is the first option when the speaker refers to another source or authority. In conclusion, it is argued, firstly, that there is a clear difference between deontic and dynamic modality in Spanish, and secondly, that deber and tener que display different semantic and pragmatic functions in deontic contexts, pointing towards an intersubjective use of deber and a subjective use of tener que.
52

Um estudo das modalidades deôntica e volitiva nos discursos do presidente Lula

Casimiro, Sérgio [UNESP] 27 February 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:07:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 casimiro_s_me_sjrp.pdf: 596005 bytes, checksum: dbd5065215ee2b5386f3fcbd4932fa6e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho, sustenta-se a hipótese de que, em relações assimétricas entre falante e ouvinte, a posição hierárquica superior ocupada pelo falante favorece a interpretação de uma expressão volitiva como uma manifestação deôntica. Com base em uma abordagem funcional da modalidade, foram analisados verbos volitivos e verbos deônticos nos discursos proferidos pelo presidente Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003 a 2006) a interlocutores com os quais mantém diferentes relações hierárquicas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (i) descrever a manifestação da volição, buscando sua caracterização como um subtipo deôntico ou como um tipo de modalidade; (ii) analisar a relação entre volição e ordem e descrever os efeitos de sentido decorrentes de seu emprego nesse tipo específico de interação e (iii) analisar a relação entre a ordem hierárquica dos interlocutores, a expressão e a interpretação da modalidade. Observou-se que verbos volitivos podem apresentar dois valores semânticos, correspondendo a uma interpretação prototipicamente volitiva e uma interpretação deôntica, quando um determinado conjunto de fatores sintáticos, semânticos e pragmáticos é preenchido. Pôde-se constatar também que volição constitui, de fato, um tipo de modalidade diferente da Modalidade deôntica. / This work is based on the hypothesis that, in asymmetrical relationships between the speaker and the hearer, the upper hierarchical position occupied by the speaker favors the interpretation of a volitive expression as a deontic manifestation. Based on the functionalist approach of modality, the present thesis analyzes volitive verbs and deontic verbs in the speeches of Brazilian President Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2006), in situations in which hearers corresponded to different hierarchical degrees in relation to the speaker. Thus, the objectives of the present work are (i) to describe the manifestation of volition in an attempt to characterize it as a deontic subtype or as a type of modality; (ii) to analyze the relationship between volition and order and to describe the effects of meaning resulting from the use of these modal qualifications in this specific type of interaction and (iii) to analyze the relationship between the hierarchical order of the speakers, the expression and the interpretation of the modality. It is possible to observe that the volitive verbs can present two semantic values: a prototypically volitive interpretation and a deontic interpretation when a given set of syntactical, semantic and pragmatic aspects is reached. It is also possible to verify that the volition actually constitutes a type of modality which is different from the deontic modality.
53

Temps et aspect en anglais et en arabe / Tense and aspect in English and Arabic

Derraz, Naoual 14 May 2011 (has links)
Nous avons argumenté, dans cette thèse, en faveur de l’idée selon laquelle l’anglais et l’arabe, deux langues très différentes, possèdent, l’une et l’autre, un système temporel et aspectuel. Ce point de vue a nécessité l’étude d’autres aspects des deux langues. C’est pour cela que nous ne nous sommes pas limitée à étudier uniquement les deux formes perfective (FP) et imperfective (FI) en arabe et les formes équivalentes en anglais. Nous avons également traité, pour les deux langues, la forme participiale, le système négatif, les adverbes temporels, le mode, et la modalité. Nous avons conclu que le temps et l’Aktionsart restent invariables d’une langue à l’autre et que seul l’aspect grammatical varie selon les langues. De fait, l’aspect morphologique détermine le temps en arabe. Nous avons essayé d’expliquer pourquoi Neg sélectionne FI et proposé que FI apparaît en bas de la structure et qu'elle est bloquée par Neg. FI est marquée pour [+Asp], contrairement à FP qui est [+ T]. Nous avons suggéré, finalement, que l’imperfectif en arabe fonctionne comme un infinitif, marqué pour les traits [-T] et [+Agr]. / Although English and Arabic are typologically two very different languages, we have argued in this thesis that both possess a temporal and an aspectual system. This view required the study of other aspects of these two languages. That's why we have not limited our study to only perfective (PF) and imperfective (IF) forms in Arabic and their equivalent in English. We also studied the participial form, the negative system, temporal adverbs, mood and modality. We concluded that tense and Aktionsart remain unchanged from one language to another and only the grammatical aspect varies according to the different languages. In fact, morphological aspect determines tense in Arabic. We tried to explain why Neg selects IF and proposed that IF appears at the bottom of the structure and it is blocked by Neg. IF is [+Asp], contrary to PF which is marked for [+T]. We suggested, finally, that the imperfective in Arabic functions like an infinitive with the ! features [-T] and [+Agr].
54

Étude de la modalité en néo-égyptien/Modality in Late Egyptian.

Polis, Stéphane 09 March 2009 (has links)
Cette thèse constitue la première étude générale de la modalité en néo-égyptien. Le chapitre introductif (p. 5-43) est consacré [1] à la définition de ce premier état de langue de légyptien de la seconde phase ; cette définition a permis la délimitation dun corpus servant dassise empirique à létude (la répartition du corpus en fonction de critères chronologiques et géographiques, de la nature du support et des "Textsorten" a donné la possibilité de pondérer et dobjectiver les analyses proposées pour chaque expression de la modalité). Ensuite, [2] un cadre théorique général pour létude de la langue est discuté. Le corps du travail se divise en trois parties consacrées respectivement : [1] à une définition générale de la notion de modalité (cela afin de déterminer les media expressifs qui relèvent de son étude en néo-égyptien) ainsi quà létablissement dun modèle sémantique à la fois économique, cohérent et correspondant aux données typologiques (p. 44-115) ; [2] à létude des modalités radicales (i.e. les modalités déontiques et bouliques en envisageant les relations quelles entretiennent avec le domaine axiologique ; p. 116-341) ; [3] à lexamen des modalités assertives (p. 342-446) : [a] analyse des formes de complémentation, en ce compris les liens entre intégration syntaxique, variation de lassertivité et degré de manipulation, [b] étude de limpact des auxiliaires dénonciation sur le degré dassertivité dune proposition, [c] critique des théories existantes concernant les moyens expressifs du discours indirect en néo-égyptien. Les conclusions (p. 447-466) sont accompagnées de propositions prospectives devant permettre [1] de rendre le modèle défendu applicable à létude des complexes conditionnels, [2] dintégrer la dimension énonciative dans lanalyse des relations interpersonnelles, [3] de proposer une approche globale des media expressifs de la causalité et de la finalité.
55

The Use of Patterns in Information System Engineering

Backlund, Per January 2001 (has links)
<p>The aims of this dissertation are to investigate the use and usefulness of patterns in Information Systems Engineering and to identify future areas of research. In order to do this there is a need to survey different types of patterns and find a common concept of patterns. A pattern is based on experience found in the real world. A text or a model or a combination of the both can describe the pattern. A pattern is typically described in terms of context, forces, problem, and solution. These can be explicitly expressed or implicitly found in the description of the pattern.</p><p>The types of patterns dealt with are: object-oriented patterns; design patterns, analysis patterns; data model patterns; domain patterns; business patterns; workflow patterns and the deontic pattern. The different types of patterns are presented using the authors' own terminology.</p><p>The patterns described in the survey are classified with respect to different aspects. The intention of this analysis is to form a taxonomy for patterns and to bring order into the vast amount of patterns. This is an important step in order to find out how patterns are used and can be used in Information Systems Engineering. The aspects used in the classification are: level of abstraction; text or model emphasis; product or process emphasis; life cycle stage usage and combinations of these aspects.</p><p>Finally an outline for future areas of research is presented. The areas that have been considered of interest are: patterns and Information Systems Engineering methods; patterns and tools (tool support for patterns); patterns as a pedagogical aid; the extraction and documentation of patterns and patterns and novel applications of information technology. Each future area of research is sketched out.</p>
56

Processes of Organizational Justice : Insights into the perception and enactment of justice

Eib, Constanze January 2015 (has links)
Well-being at work is of major public interest, and justice at the workplace can be a key factor contributing to employees and managers feeling well. Research has found direct relationships between organizational justice perceptions and work and health outcomes. With research on the justice–health link still emerging, this thesis examines the moderating and mediating processes for the effects of justice perceptions on work outcomes and especially health outcomes. As little is known about those who enact justice, the antecedents and consequences of justice enactment are also studied. In Study I, the relationships between organizational justice and work and health outcomes were in focus, as the moderating role of job characteristics was investigated utilizing the demand–control(–support) model. Organizational justice and job characteristics were associated with work and health outcomes within and across time. The multiplicative effects showed that the organizational justice effects were stronger when perceived job demands were high, job control was low or social support was low. Study II examined the processes through which justice perceptions translate into health outcomes. Building on the allostatic load model, mental preoccupation with work was found to be a relevant mediator of the justice–health relationship, with locus of control moderating the mediated relationships. Study III focused on the actor perspective. Investigating predictions based on the deontic model of justice and ego-depletion theory, moral regard and justice self-efficacy predicted justice enactment positively, and justice enactment had positive effects on feeling professionally recognized but also negative health consequences for the actors themselves. This thesis contributes to advancing the emergent justice–health research stream by providing insights into the processes underlying these aspects, and by incorporating this stream into the actor perspective. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted.</p>
57

As Modalizações em Sentenças Judiciais: a Ação de Linguagem na Representação dos Mundos Formais

Estrela, Simone da Costa 20 June 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7611265 bytes, checksum: 8d35990e1bc5f7d686f142462d0a493d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work discusses the enunciative position in court rulings circulated on the Internet by addressing the judge as an agent of discursive formation. We intend to investigate the language activities expressed in the legal decisions, analyzing the language as verbal interaction mechanism, through the identification of subjectivity marks. In proposing this research we were concerned about if judges, authors of judicial decisions, impose in their speeches / texts trademarks of subjectivity that could impair the functionality of court ruling. The data analised in our work were subjected to a bibliographic survey with an interpretative nature, from the subsidies offered by the Applied Linguistics and the Sociodiscursive Interactionism theoretical methodological, especially in studies of Bronckart (1999) and Habermas (1989). The results subsidized inputs in the identification of occurrences of subjectivity marks, respectively with regard to the analysis of modalizations and also in their relation to the representations of the objective, social and / or subjective worlds. For this, we conducted a survey of atypical and personal court rulings broadcasted on the internet court sites to investigate the presence of discursive marks that could bring some semantic load that linked to the enunciative position of the transmitter / broadcaster with his evaluativse representations of the formal worlds. The results point to a personal involvement, discursively marked by the prevalence of appreciative and deontic modalizations, far beyond what is expected in this kind of text, revealing a speaker who breaks The Principle of Judicial Independence and Impartiality from the trial, greatly injuring another cornerstone principle of our Constitution: the dignity of the human being. / O presente trabalho aborda o posicionamento enunciativo nas sentenças judiciais veiculadas na internet, focando o magistrado como um agente de formação discursiva. Pretendemos investigar as atividades de linguagem expressas nas decisões jurídicas, analisando a linguagem como mecanismo de interação verbal, por meio da identificação de marcas de subjetividade. Ao propormos esta pesquisa tivemos como preocupação verificar se os magistrados, autores das decisões judiciais, imprimem em seus textosdiscursos marcas de subjetividade que pudessem comprometer a funcionalidade do gênero sentença judicial. Os dados analisados foram submetidos a um procedimento de pesquisa bibliográfica documental, de cunho interpretativo, a partir dos subsídios oferecidos pela Linguística Aplicada e dos aportes teórico-metodológicos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo, principalmente nos estudos de Bronckart (1999) e Habermas (1989). Tais aportes nos subsidiaram na identificação das ocorrências das marcas de subjetividade, respectivamente no que se refere à análise das modalizações e bem como na relação destas com as representações dos mundos objetivo, social e/ou subjetivo. Para isso, fizemos um levantamento de sentenças judiciais atípicas veiculadas em sites jurídicos e de posicionamento pessoal para investigar a presença de marcas discursivas que pudessem trazer certa carga semântica que vinculasse o posicionamento enunciativo do emissor/locutor com suas representações valorativas dos mundos formais. Os resultados apontam para um envolvimento pessoal, discursivamente marcado pela predominância de modalizações apreciativas e deônticas, muito além do que é esperado nesse tipo de gênero, revelando um locutor que afronta o princípio da obrigação de se manter distante da causa julgada, ferindo sobremaneira outro princípio basilar da nossa Constituição: o da dignidade da pessoa humana.
58

A modalidade deôntica como expressão de valores vitorianos na peça Lady Windermere's fan / The deontic modality as an expression of Victorian values in the play Lady Windermere's Fan

Batista, Raquel Uchoa January 2015 (has links)
BATISTA, Raquel Uchoa. A modalidade deôntica como expressão de valores vitorianos na peça Lady Windermere's fan. 2015. 151f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-08-26T12:02:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_rubatista.pdf: 1958747 bytes, checksum: ab0edee454f570c27bc8c830969ff788 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-08-28T13:40:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_rubatista.pdf: 1958747 bytes, checksum: ab0edee454f570c27bc8c830969ff788 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-28T13:40:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_rubatista.pdf: 1958747 bytes, checksum: ab0edee454f570c27bc8c830969ff788 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This research has tried to investigate the relashionship between linguistic expressions of deontic modality and the construction of speeches which reveal values of the Victorian age. The study was developed under the functionalist linguistic theory once it allows us to go through both linguistic expressions and meaning in a specific context in order to analyze the effects in meaning expressed by means of deontic modality. In this sense, the investigation was based on Palmer (1986), Dik (1997), Verstraete (2004), Neves (2006), among other authors who helped us understand the linguistic modality, specially the deontic type, and the features related to its occurrence. We have analyzed 299 deontically modalized pieces of enunciation from both male and female characters from the play Lady Windermere’s fan, by Oscar Wilde, concerning all the acts of the play. Deontic modality is related to the possibility or necessity of acts executed by morally responsible agents and was analyzed under the manifestation of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects as a whole. The data we analyzed have shown us that the ‘Auxiliary verbs’ category corespond to the linguistic means of expression of modality more frequently used and was registred in 51% of the cases. Within this category we have considered both modal auxiliaries and the ‘have to + infinitive’ expression. The ‘Auxiliary verbs’ category was followed by ‘Verbal Modes’ (26,4) and ‘Main verbs’ (16%) categories. As for deontic values, obligation corresponded to 58% of the cases, that is, 174 occurrences. Among these, 139 were internal obligation, not corresponding to our expectations. One can also observe the high frequency of the type of deontic source ‘Enunciator’ (234 cases). We believed the frequency of the source ‘Institution’ would be the highest. About the inclusion of the deontic source in the deontic target, we have registred the non-inclusion in 68% of the cases. This last aspect caused an effect of distance between deontic source and target in the play and helped establishing boundaries between boss and employee, or reinforcing the social class division, which is a characteristic of the Victorian period. Contrary to what we believed, female characters were responsible for 65,6% pieces of enunciation (196 cases), which means they produced more deontic values than male characters. Among these cases, 120 occurrences corresponded to an obligation, 31 occurrences corresponded to a permission, and 21 cases were a prohibition. In this sense, we have concluded that the deontic modals in the pieces of enunciation from the characters from the play Lady Windermere’s fan do not serve to express exclusively victorian values. / O presente trabalho buscou investigar a relação entre as expressões linguísticas da modalidade deôntica e a construção de discursos que revelam valores da era vitoriana. Nossa pesquisa foi desenvolvida sob a ótica funcionalista, visto que, para analisarmos os efeitos de sentidos expressos por meio daquela modalidade, faz-se necessário transitar entre forma linguística e sentido em um determinado contexto específico. Assim, a investigação foi desenvolvida com base em Palmer (1986), Dik (1997), Verstraete (2004), Neves (2006), dentre outros autores que nos auxiliaram na compreensão da modalidade linguística, em especial a deôntica, e dos aspectos relacionados à sua ocorrência. Analisamos 299 enunciados modalizados deonticamente, de personagens dos gêneros masculino e feminino, presentes em todos os atos da peça Lady Windermere’s fan, de Oscar Wilde. A modalidade deôntica diz respeito à possibilidade ou necessidade de atos executados por agentes moralmente responsáveis e foi analisada, em cada um desses enunciados, sob o ponto de vista sintático, semântico e pragmático, integradamente. A partir de análise dos dados obtidos, constatamos que os meios linguísticos de expressão da modalidade de maior produtividade foram aqueles agrupados na categoria ‘Verbos auxiliares’, categoria na qual inserimos os auxiliares modais e a expressão ‘have to + infitinive’ (ter que/de + infinitivo), que corresponderam à 51% das ocorrências analisadas, seguidos do modo verbal (26,4% dos casos) e do verbo pleno (16%). Já o valor deôntico mais instaurado foi o de obrigação, correspondendo a 58% de todas as ocorrências, ou seja, 174 ocorrências, dentre as quais, 139 foram do tipo interna, contrariamente ao que esperávamos. O tipo de fonte deôntica mais recorrente foi ‘Enunciador’, com 234 ocorrências. Acreditávamos que a fonte ‘Instituição’ seria a de maior frequência. Quanto à inclusão da fonte no alvo deôntico, observamos que, em 68% dos casos, o valor deôntico não recaiu sobre a fonte, causando um efeito de distanciamento entre fonte e alvo deôntico que estabeleceram limites entre patrão e empregado, por exemplo, ou reforçaram a divisão social de classes, característica do período vitoriano. Contrariamente ao que acreditávamos, as personagens do gênero feminino instauraram um maior número de valores deônticos, sendo responsáveis por 65,6% dos enunciados analisados (196 casos), dentre os quais, em 120 ocorrências, uma obrigação foi instaurada; em 31, o valor de permissão foi registrado; e, em 21, uma proibição foi instaurada. Desse modo, concluímos que os os modalizadores deônticos presentes nos enunciados dos personagens da peça Lady Windermere’s fan não se prestam, exclusivamente, à expressão de valores vitorianos.
59

Modalidade deôntica e discurso midiático: uma análise baseada na Gramática Discursivo-Funcional / Deontic modality and media discourse: an analysis based on the Functional Discourse Grammar

Pessoa, Nadja Paulino January 2011 (has links)
PESSOA, Nadja Paulino. Modalidade deôntica e discurso midiático: uma análise baseada na gramática discursivo-funcional. 2011. 224 f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2011. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-08-28T14:58:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Tese_NPPESSOA.PDF: 2054964 bytes, checksum: b11a8510fca5d4917a1551d83eef1308 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2013-10-10T13:08:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Tese_NPPESSOA.PDF: 2054964 bytes, checksum: b11a8510fca5d4917a1551d83eef1308 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-10T13:08:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Tese_NPPESSOA.PDF: 2054964 bytes, checksum: b11a8510fca5d4917a1551d83eef1308 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This work aims at analyzing the deontic modality in the media discourse under the functionalist approach, seeking to integrate the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic components in the analysis, which implies the study of language in its effective usage. Thus, we sought to establish relations among the elements which compose the several levels based on the model proposed by Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008), in the attempt to observe and describe the means through which the effects of sub/objectivity in relation to the discursive construction transmitted on the radio and on television are produced. For so, we utilized the corpus REDIP - “Portuguese International Broadcast Network: radio, television and press”, which was developed by the Theoretical and Computational Linguistics Institute (ILTEC), situated in Portugal. The analysis of the data obtained in relation to the media discourse revealed that the establishment of the deontic values occurred more frequently on the television media, usually associated to the theme “opinion”, identified as elements of the contextual component. Among the deontic values, we observed the majority of obligation, as the prototype of this category. In relation to the source and to the deontic target, we noticed a tendency in the usage of the source from the enunciating type and also of a “third-absent” target. This means that the speaker puts him/herself, explicitly or implicitly in the construction of its enunciation, which confers the category in issue an effect of subjectivity. However, with respect to the predominance of the type of target "third-absent”, we noticed a distancing effect that accomplishes the purpose of avoiding confrontation with any agent that could be specified. Finally, we verified that the auxiliary modals were the most frequent expressions in the corpus and that the means of expression are directly related to the type of broadcast. In the end, we established a typological proposal which takes into consideration the deontic source and the target, having in mind the (performative/descriptive) usage of the deontic modals. / Este trabalho objetiva analisar a modalidade deôntica no discurso midiático, sob o enfoque funcionalista, buscando integrar, na análise, os componentes sintáticos, semânticos e pragmáticos, o que pressupõe o estudo da língua em uso efetivo. Dessa forma, procuramos estabelecer relações entre os elementos que compõem os vários níveis com base no modelo proposto por Hengeveld e Mackenzie (2008), na tentativa de observar e descrever os meios pelos quais se produzem os efeitos de sub/objetividade em relação à construção discursiva no rádio e na televisão. Para isso, utilizamos o corpus REDIP - “Rede de Difusão Internacional do Português: rádio, televisão e imprensa”, que foi desenvolvido pelo Instituto de Linguística Teórica e Computacional (ILTEC), situado em Portugal. A análise dos dados obtidos em relação ao discurso midiático revelou-nos que a instauração dos valores deônticos se deu, com maior frequência, na mídia televisiva, em geral, associados ao tema “opinião”, identificados como elementos do componente contextual. Dentre os valores deônticos, percebemos o predomínio da obrigação, considerado como o prototípico dessa categoria. Em relação à fonte e ao alvo deôntico, percebemos uma tendência de uso da fonte do tipo “enunciador” e de um alvo “terceiro-ausente”. Isso significa dizer que o falante se coloca, explícita ou implicitamente, na construção do seu enunciado, o que confere à categoria em questão um efeito de subjetividade. Todavia, com relação à predominância do tipo de alvo “terceiro-ausente”, observamos um efeito de distanciamento que cumpre o propósito de evitar o confronto com algum agente que poderia ser especificado. Por fim, verificamos que os auxiliares modais foram as formas de expressão mais frequentes no corpus e que as formas de expressão se relacionam diretamente com o meio de difusão. Ao final, estabelecemos uma proposta tipológica que leva em consideração a fonte e o alvo deôntico, tendo em vista o uso (performativo/descritivo) dos modais deônticos.
60

A modalidade deôntica em discurso profissional na mídia televisiva / The deontic modality in professional discourse in the television midia

Oliveira, Larisse Carvalho de January 2016 (has links)
OLIVEIRA, Larissa Carvalho de. A modalidade deôntica em discurso profissional na mídia televisiva. 2016. 144f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-16T14:13:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lcoliveira.pdf: 1042457 bytes, checksum: 430f09733eeec7ebead73f939a77d275 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-16T15:00:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lcoliveira.pdf: 1042457 bytes, checksum: 430f09733eeec7ebead73f939a77d275 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-16T15:00:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lcoliveira.pdf: 1042457 bytes, checksum: 430f09733eeec7ebead73f939a77d275 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / A presente pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a modalidade deôntica, e como corpus, a série televisiva americana, House (2004-2014). O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa é utilizar os pressupostos funcionalistas de Dik (1989), no que diz respeito ao contexto linguístico, para analisar as ocorrências de modalidade deôntica no discurso médico. Os problemas secundários que nortearam esse trabalho estão dispostos, a seguir: a) Como os verbos plenos e os verbos modais/auxiliares diferenciam o grau de modalização no discurso médico televisivo na série televisiva House (2004-2012)? b) As diferenças na relação hierárquica entre fonte e alvo proporcionam a ocorrência de expressões asseveradoras ou mitigadoras de valores deônticos, influindo na conduta médica na série? c) Como a fonte instauradora da modalidade deôntica transforma a imagem da conduta médica, ou corrobora com ela, na sociedade representada na trama televisiva? Usamos os conceitos de modalidade de Lyons (1977), Palmer (1979), Bybee (1995), Neves (2006) e Lopes (2009), entre outros. Focalizaremos na modalidade deôntica, um domínio funcional que trata do modo como o falante diz algo exprimindo a sua vontade, seja de forma asseverada ou mitigada. Os resultados apresentados dizem respeito aos três primeiros episódios das quatro primeiras temporadas da série, totalizando doze episódios. O material em modalidade escrita foi encontrado em rede virtual e conferido por nós. Analisamos 398 ocorrências, foi possível concluirmos que o meio de expressão e o valor deôntico mais recorrente são os de modo verbal (257) e de obrigação (289), respectivamente. Como já esperado, tanto a fonte (362) quanto o alvo (336) deôntico, tendo o médico como enunciador/receptor, obtiveram números significativos. Portanto, com base nas análises realizadas, podemos concluir que os verbos modais oferecem mais dinamicidade ao tipo de discurso televisivo estudado, impondo valores hierárquicos de polidez, e por vezes disfarçando uma ordem sob o pretexto de uma suposta necessidade performada pelo verbo ‘precisar’ (need) tal qual pode ser associado ao proposto por Palmer (1986), a respeito do verbo ‘want’ (querer). Com a conclusão desta, poderemos expor novas observações teóricas sobre o domínio funcional da modalidade em Língua Inglesa, emitindo juízos de valores concernentes ao discurso televisivo e as suas relações comunicativas.

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