Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-11-09T10:48:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Francielle Daudt_.pdf: 10803213 bytes, checksum: a2fe299427695abb9116027b9174171a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T10:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francielle Daudt_.pdf: 10803213 bytes, checksum: a2fe299427695abb9116027b9174171a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-20 / Nenhuma / As contribuições na área do Design Emocional, apesar de importantes, são insuficientes quando se trata de impactos benéficos e de longa duração nos indivíduos. Por isso, novas propostas teóricas, como o Positive Design, vem ganhando força, já que têm o intuito de projetar com foco no bem-estar subjetivo dos usuários, gerando efeitos de longa duração. O Positive Design oferece três ingredientes importantes para o estímulo desse bem-estar, que são: design para virtudes, design para o prazer e design para significados pessoais. Neste trabalho, pretende-se dar foco ao estímulo das virtudes, que se manifestam por meio de forças de caráter. As forças de caráter são predisposições ao sentir e à ação, provenientes das virtudes e valores morais dos indivíduos. Para projetar nessa perspectiva, há cinco elementos de design que devem ser levados em conta: ser orientado a possibilidades; equilíbrio entre os três ingredientes (significados, virtudes e prazeres); ter elementos de ajuste pessoal; envolvimento ativo do usuário e impacto duradouro. Sabendo-se que o Positive Design ainda não tem métodos ou técnicas de design consolidados, propõe-se como problema de pesquisa: de que forma designers apropriam-se do Positive Design em projetos com foco no reforço de forças de caráter dos indivíduos (clientes do projeto)? As investigações foram feitas por meio de uma pesquisa aplicada, com base exploratória, na qual foi analisado o uso da teoria do Positive design em práticas de projeto experimentais, baseadas no modelo de Tonetto et al. (2018). Essas práticas foram feitas com clientes e designers, seguidas de grupos focais com os profissionais. Os métodos de coleta de informações foram a observação participante e o grupo focal, e a análise dos dados foi feita por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados foram a dificuldade de abstração e generalização da força de caráter proposta à um público mais amplo, a influência das características da cliente em diferentes esferas do projeto, alternativas de projeto com impactos sócio culturais, dificuldades no uso do ingrediente prazer e facilidade em propor elementos de ajuste pessoal. Por fim, sugere-se algumas lições que podem ser pertinentes a projetos e estudos futuros. / Contributions in the area of Emotional Design, although important, are insufficient when it comes to long-lasting impacts on individuals. Therefore, new theoretical proposals, such as Positive Design, have been gaining strength, since they focus on the subjective well-being of users, generating long-lasting effects. Positive Design offers three important ingredients for stimulating that well-being: design for virtues, design for pleasure and design for personal significance. In this work, we intend to give focus on the stimulus of the virtues, which are manifested by character strengths. The character strengths are predispositions to feel and act, stemming from the virtues and moral values of individuals. To project from this perspective, there are five design elements that must be taken into account: be oriented to possibilities; balance between the three ingredients (personal significance, virtues and pleasures); personal fit; active user involvement and long-term impact. Knowing that Positive Design still not have consolidated design methods or techniques, it is proposed as a research problem: how designers use the Positive Design approach in projects focused on reinforcing individuals' character strengths? The investigations were carried out through an applied, exploratory research, in which the use of Positive design theory is experienced in design practices, based on the model of Tonetto et al. (2018). These practices were made with clients and designers, followed by focus groups with professionals. The methods of information collection were participant observation and focus group, and data analysis was done through content analysis. The main results were the difficulty of abstraction and generalization of the character strength proposed to a broader public, the influence of the characteristics of the client in different spheres of the project, design alternatives with social cultural impacts, difficulties in using the ingredient pleasure and facility in propose elements of personal adjustment. Finally, we suggest some lessons that may be pertinent to future projects and studies.

This thesis project explores combining interactive technology and the natural world, through a more-than-human design approach. This project aims to step away from an industry-driven design by valuing plants as equal in the design process. Throughout this report, an overview of the relevant theory and examples are elaborated on. This overview has informed the project in two ways. It formed the foundation of a concept aiming to improve the user’s interconnectedness with nature and it formed the foundation of an evaluation tool developed for aiding designers in design for plants by addressing three design fields: Design for Care, Design for Cohabitation, and Design for Noticing. The concept and the evaluation tool have been developed in parallel and informed each other throughout the project. The final concept contributes to the discussion about addressing more-than-human actors in design. In this case by addressing plant blindness. The evaluation tool contributes to more-than-human design as a tool to evaluate ideas and projects. This project included an extensive analysis of a design collection, workshops regarding the materiality of living plants and assessment of the evaluation tool, an interdisciplinary design approach, and a prototyping phase during which assumptions regarding the concept were tested.

Our understanding of the effects that human production and consumption has on our planet and its resources has challenged us to think differently when developing new products. In response to these problems, Eco Design has been developed over the last few decades. Eco Design is a process integrated into product and engineering design that aims to lower the environmental impact of products across their life cycle, whilst not hindering design brief criteria such as function, price, performance, and quality. Research in Eco Design has focused mainly on the development of new tools and ways to implement Eco Design in industry. However, there is still little empirical knowledge today regarding the state of Eco Design implementation and practices in industry; in addition to the prerequisite needs and factors to successfully implement Eco Design. The aim of this research has been to review the level and type of Eco Design in the British Product Design industry and to identify recurrent themes helping or hindering implementation. This was achieved through the use of a pilot study followed by a two stage case study design, involving 20 cases and 57 participants across 65 interviews. The investigation and its analysis produced 12 confirmed themes, each generating their own drivers and barriers to Eco Design implementation. This research into Eco Design implementation provides a unique contribution and a timely insight into the Eco Design practices of the British Product Design industry today. The research also provides the novel contribution of identifying the drivers and barriers to implementing and sustaining Eco Design, as well as an understanding of the strengths and shortfalls of the current Eco Design processes and tools. These contributions to knowledge in the field of Eco Design will help future research formulate better solutions to implement Eco Design processes in the Product Design industry.

O aumento das exigências ambientais pela sociedade, mercado e legislação vem forçando os acadêmicos a buscarem formas de reduzir os impactos ambientais do produto durante todo o seu ciclo de vida. A integração de ferramentas de ecodesign no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP) visa melhorar os requisitos ambientais do produto sem comprometer o seu desempenho, custo e características. Apesar dessa tendência, as estruturas de PDP não incorporam práticas ambientais de forma adequada. Assim, esse trabalho objetiva integrar práticas de ecodesign em uma estrutura de PDP. Para atingir esse propósito foi empregada uma análise sistemática da literatura mesclando técnicas de análise bibliométrica e de redes sociais, diagramas, mapeamento de 154 métodos de ecodesign, análise das características e questões ambientais de 80 estruturas de PDP e sistematização de 365 aspectos ambientais no PDP. Os resultados demonstram que as estruturas de PDP não enfatizam as fases de pré-desenvolvimento e pós-desenvolvimento que têm importância para redução do impacto ambiental. Portanto, foi elaborada uma proposta detalhada de integração analisando as características e contribuição de cada aspecto ambiental para minimizar o impacto ambiental do produto e sua relação com a função de cada tarefa do PDP. Na avaliação da proposta, verificou-se que nas fases de projeto conceitual e projeto detalhado houve menor aceitação quanto ao momento da integração dos aspectos ambientais, devido à interface dessas fases. Já no planejamento estratégico de projetos, planejamento de projeto e projeto informacional ocorreu desvio padrão alto nas notas, indicando divergência de opinião dos especialistas sobre o tema. Conclui-se que esse trabalho engloba um conjunto de práticas de ecodesign para suportar a tomada de decisão no PDP com objetivo de reduzir o impacto ambiental do produto durante todo o ciclo de vida. / The society, market and legislation demands for sustainability have grown then academics have to revisit the issue and to search for ways to reduce the environmental impact of the product during its life cycle. The integration of ecodesign tools in the Product Development Process (PDP) aiming at the improvement the product environmental requirements without compromising its performance, cost or characteristics. However, in spite of this tendency, the structures of PDP still do not incorporate environmental practices in their activities in a proper manner. Therefore, the proposal of this work is integrating ecodesign practices in the tasks of PDP structure. To achieve this purpose was used the systematic literature review linking techniques such as bibliometric and social networking analysis, diagrams, mapping 154 ecodesign methods, analysis of the characteristics and environmental issues of 80 PDP structures and systematization of 365 environmental aspects in the PDP. The results demonstrate that the PDP structures do not emphasize the phases of pre-development and post-development that are important to reduce environmental impact. Therefore, a detailed proposal for integration was developed by analyzing the characteristics and contribution of each environmental aspect to minimize the environmental impact of the product and its relation to the function of each task of the PDP. In assessing the proposal, it was found that the phases of conceptual design and detailed design were less accepted about time of integration of environmental aspects, due to the interface of these phases. In the strategic planning of projects, project planning and informational project were a high standard deviation in the experts evaluation, indicating divergence of opinion on the theme. In conclusion, this work includes a set of ecodesign practices to support decision making in the PDP in order to reduce the environmental impact of the product throughout its life cycle.

O mercado consumidor está cada vez mais propenso a exigir posturas corporativas sustentáveis das organizações. Nesse sentido, muitos estudos têm sido realizados sobre a incorporação destes conceitos nas organizações. A literatura apresenta diversos benefícios disponíveis para empresas com iniciativas ecologicamente corretas como benefícios financeiros, mercadológicos, valorização das ações da empresa e geração de inovações em produtos e processos, construindo vantagens absolutas sobre outras organizações. Esses benefícios têm desencadeado uma série de iniciativas voltadas para a integração de aspectos ambientais no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos, particularmente, em grandes empresas. Este tipo de inovação envolve uma série de práticas, modelos de negócio e mudanças no pensamento individual e organizacional. No entanto, na maioria das empresas, prevalecem atitudes pontuais nos seus processos, com tolerância para atitudes de redução ou minimização da poluição. Estas posturas evidenciam que, apesar dos benefícios descritos, muitas empresas ainda resistem à implementação destas práticas, revelando que esta resistência pode residir nos custos ou na complexidade de implementação destas práticas. Neste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise sobre como ocorre a integração de aspectos ambientais no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP). Para tanto, estruturou-se uma pesquisa com base na teoria vigente e na condução de um estudo de caso múltiplo com duas unidades de análise. Com o estudo de caso, o trabalho busca responder as questões de pesquisa relacionadas à como ocorre a escolha e a incorporação de métodos e/ou ferramentas de apoio no PDP. A principal conclusão do estudo é que questões como contexto mercadológico, porte, setor de atuação, severidade da legislação ambiental no setor, cultura organizacional e nível/estágio de implementação do DfE contingenciam as formas de Integração de aspectos ambientais no PDP, apontando para a necessidade de criação de um modelo contingencial para este processo. / The consumer market is increasingly likely to require sustainable corporate postures from the organizations. Many studies have been conducted on the incorporation of these concepts in organizations. The literature presents many benefits available to companies with green initiatives as financial and marketing benefits, the valuation of the company\'s stocks and products and processes innovations, creating competitive advantage. These benefits have sparked many initiatives aimed at product development focused on environmental issues, specially, in large companies. This type of innovation involves a series of methods, business models and changes in individual and organizational thinking. However, in most companies, prevail specific attitudes in their processes, with tolerance for attitudes of pollution reduction or minimization. These attitudes show that, despite the benefits described, many companies still resist the implementation of these methods, revealing that resistance may reside in costs or complexity of implementing these methods. In this context, this study aims to conduct an analysis on how the integration of environmental issues in Product Development Process (PDP) occurs. To do so, a research was structured based on current theory and conducting a multiple case study with two units of analysis. With the case study, the work seeks to answer research questions related to how does the selection and incorporation of methods and/or tools in the PDP occurs. The main conclusion of the study is that issues such as marketing context, size, sector of operation, severity of environmental legislation in the sector, organizational culture and level/stage of implementation of DfE sets out the forms of integration of environmental aspects in the PDP, pointing to the need to establish a contingency model for this process.

O mercado consumidor está cada vez mais propenso a exigir posturas corporativas sustentáveis das organizações. Nesse sentido, muitos estudos têm sido realizados sobre a incorporação destes conceitos nas organizações. A literatura apresenta diversos benefícios disponíveis para empresas com iniciativas ecologicamente corretas como benefícios financeiros, mercadológicos, valorização das ações da empresa e geração de inovações em produtos e processos, construindo vantagens absolutas sobre outras organizações. Esses benefícios têm desencadeado uma série de iniciativas voltadas para a integração de aspectos ambientais no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos, particularmente, em grandes empresas. Este tipo de inovação envolve uma série de práticas, modelos de negócio e mudanças no pensamento individual e organizacional. No entanto, na maioria das empresas, prevalecem atitudes pontuais nos seus processos, com tolerância para atitudes de redução ou minimização da poluição. Estas posturas evidenciam que, apesar dos benefícios descritos, muitas empresas ainda resistem à implementação destas práticas, revelando que esta resistência pode residir nos custos ou na complexidade de implementação destas práticas. Neste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise sobre como ocorre a integração de aspectos ambientais no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP). Para tanto, estruturou-se uma pesquisa com base na teoria vigente e na condução de um estudo de caso múltiplo com duas unidades de análise. Com o estudo de caso, o trabalho busca responder as questões de pesquisa relacionadas à como ocorre a escolha e a incorporação de métodos e/ou ferramentas de apoio no PDP. A principal conclusão do estudo é que questões como contexto mercadológico, porte, setor de atuação, severidade da legislação ambiental no setor, cultura organizacional e nível/estágio de implementação do DfE contingenciam as formas de Integração de aspectos ambientais no PDP, apontando para a necessidade de criação de um modelo contingencial para este processo. / The consumer market is increasingly likely to require sustainable corporate postures from the organizations. Many studies have been conducted on the incorporation of these concepts in organizations. The literature presents many benefits available to companies with green initiatives as financial and marketing benefits, the valuation of the company\'s stocks and products and processes innovations, creating competitive advantage. These benefits have sparked many initiatives aimed at product development focused on environmental issues, specially, in large companies. This type of innovation involves a series of methods, business models and changes in individual and organizational thinking. However, in most companies, prevail specific attitudes in their processes, with tolerance for attitudes of pollution reduction or minimization. These attitudes show that, despite the benefits described, many companies still resist the implementation of these methods, revealing that resistance may reside in costs or complexity of implementing these methods. In this context, this study aims to conduct an analysis on how the integration of environmental issues in Product Development Process (PDP) occurs. To do so, a research was structured based on current theory and conducting a multiple case study with two units of analysis. With the case study, the work seeks to answer research questions related to how does the selection and incorporation of methods and/or tools in the PDP occurs. The main conclusion of the study is that issues such as marketing context, size, sector of operation, severity of environmental legislation in the sector, organizational culture and level/stage of implementation of DfE sets out the forms of integration of environmental aspects in the PDP, pointing to the need to establish a contingency model for this process.

O aumento das exigências ambientais pela sociedade, mercado e legislação vem forçando os acadêmicos a buscarem formas de reduzir os impactos ambientais do produto durante todo o seu ciclo de vida. A integração de ferramentas de ecodesign no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP) visa melhorar os requisitos ambientais do produto sem comprometer o seu desempenho, custo e características. Apesar dessa tendência, as estruturas de PDP não incorporam práticas ambientais de forma adequada. Assim, esse trabalho objetiva integrar práticas de ecodesign em uma estrutura de PDP. Para atingir esse propósito foi empregada uma análise sistemática da literatura mesclando técnicas de análise bibliométrica e de redes sociais, diagramas, mapeamento de 154 métodos de ecodesign, análise das características e questões ambientais de 80 estruturas de PDP e sistematização de 365 aspectos ambientais no PDP. Os resultados demonstram que as estruturas de PDP não enfatizam as fases de pré-desenvolvimento e pós-desenvolvimento que têm importância para redução do impacto ambiental. Portanto, foi elaborada uma proposta detalhada de integração analisando as características e contribuição de cada aspecto ambiental para minimizar o impacto ambiental do produto e sua relação com a função de cada tarefa do PDP. Na avaliação da proposta, verificou-se que nas fases de projeto conceitual e projeto detalhado houve menor aceitação quanto ao momento da integração dos aspectos ambientais, devido à interface dessas fases. Já no planejamento estratégico de projetos, planejamento de projeto e projeto informacional ocorreu desvio padrão alto nas notas, indicando divergência de opinião dos especialistas sobre o tema. Conclui-se que esse trabalho engloba um conjunto de práticas de ecodesign para suportar a tomada de decisão no PDP com objetivo de reduzir o impacto ambiental do produto durante todo o ciclo de vida. / The society, market and legislation demands for sustainability have grown then academics have to revisit the issue and to search for ways to reduce the environmental impact of the product during its life cycle. The integration of ecodesign tools in the Product Development Process (PDP) aiming at the improvement the product environmental requirements without compromising its performance, cost or characteristics. However, in spite of this tendency, the structures of PDP still do not incorporate environmental practices in their activities in a proper manner. Therefore, the proposal of this work is integrating ecodesign practices in the tasks of PDP structure. To achieve this purpose was used the systematic literature review linking techniques such as bibliometric and social networking analysis, diagrams, mapping 154 ecodesign methods, analysis of the characteristics and environmental issues of 80 PDP structures and systematization of 365 environmental aspects in the PDP. The results demonstrate that the PDP structures do not emphasize the phases of pre-development and post-development that are important to reduce environmental impact. Therefore, a detailed proposal for integration was developed by analyzing the characteristics and contribution of each environmental aspect to minimize the environmental impact of the product and its relation to the function of each task of the PDP. In assessing the proposal, it was found that the phases of conceptual design and detailed design were less accepted about time of integration of environmental aspects, due to the interface of these phases. In the strategic planning of projects, project planning and informational project were a high standard deviation in the experts evaluation, indicating divergence of opinion on the theme. In conclusion, this work includes a set of ecodesign practices to support decision making in the PDP in order to reduce the environmental impact of the product throughout its life cycle.

Prologue is a health information system developed for underserved communities in Bihar, India. It is aimed at helping people living in poverty and with low literacy to take the right steps to manage their and their family’s health. Bihar suffers from one of the worst healthcare records in the country. This is as much due to the lack of access to the right information as it is due to the economic condition of the region. The inaccessibility of information is aggravated by the complex social set up in these communities, for e.g. women aren’t allowed to leave their homes and community has the strongest influence on an individual’s decision making. To make sure that right information permeates even to the most inaccessible user groups, especially women and to uplift community’s awareness as a whole, two different communication channels were designed-an interactive radio show and a public installation.

Målet med examensarbetet var att skapa ett verktyg för insamling av erfarenhetsdata för produktutvecklingsprocessen. Den skall vara användbar för att bidra till ett systematiskt arbetssätt för produktionsanpassad konstruktion på Volvo Aero Corporation. Det skapade verktyget för insamlande av erfarenhetsdata skall bidra till att produktivitet och producerbarhet kan förbättras på kommande koncept och konstruktioner. En förstudie har genomförts på företaget under hösten 2010 vilket ligger till grund för det beskrivna problemet i examensarbetet. Arbetet avgränsades till att utveckla en struktur för hur metod och erfarenhet skall struktureras och en testversion av verktyget togs fram för utvärdering. Efter samråd med den handledande Verksamhetsutvecklingsgruppen, VU-gruppen, från avdelning 9931 Projekt-, Koncept- och Tillverkningsledning, beslutades att examensarbetet skulle avgränsas ytterligare till insamling av diametermått på komponenten Diffuser Case på Volvo Aero. Under arbetets gång har återkommande möten veckovis infunnit sig med den utvalda VU-gruppen där också chefen från avdelningen och handledaren från företaget medverkat. Utgångspunkten för verktygets skapande var nuvarande produktion och dess information som finns att tillhandahålla. Det Design for Manufacturing-verktyg som skapats i Microsoft Excel samlar information från flera olika system och källor på Volvo Aero och presenterar denna information på ett pedagogiskt vis. Verktygets struktur har genom samråd med utvald VU-grupp tagits fram och de 35 kolumner som finns att fylla på med information är indelade i tre olika grupper för att erhålla ett systematiskt och pedagogiskt upplägg: basfakta, duglighet och kostnad samt bearbetningstid. Genom denna indelning erhålls en stigande detaljeringsgrad från vänster till höger i verktyget som ett medel för användaren att skapa ett tydligt och strukturerat arbetsätt. Kunskap, information och data som insamlas representerar uppgifter om kravnummer företaget serieproducerar idag. Verktyget skall med tiden fyllas på med fler uppgifter från strategiskt utvalda komponenter vilka stämmer överens med den inriktning företaget valt att gå i utvecklingen av nya komponenter. / The purpose of the Bachelor’s Thesis was to create a tool for the gathering of experience data for the product development process. It should contribute to a systematic operation approach at Volvo Aero Corporation. It should also contribute to improve productivity and producibility on future concepts. The problem described in the Bachelor’s Thesis is based on a pre-study performed at the company during the autumn 2010. The general task was defined as develop a structure for re-use of manufacturing experience and to create a test version of the tool for evaluation. After consultation with the selected Business Development-group from department 9931 Project-, Concept- and Manufacturing-leaders, the task was limited to gathering information of diameter dimensions from the Diffuser Case component at Volvo Aero. The creation of the tool had its starting-point in current production and the information available there. The Design for Manufacturing-tool has been created in Microsoft Excel and it’s developed in a way making it possible to gather and present information from different systems and sources. The tool presents the information in a pedagogical way that makes it user-friendly. The structure of the tool has been developed in consultation with the Business Development-group and the 35 columns of information is classified in three different groups: basic facts, capability and cost, operation time. By this classification the information level of detail increases from left to right which enables a more structured and systematic way of working. The knowledge, experience and data gathered represent information about the requirements the company currently produces. Over time, the Design for Manufacturing-tool is to be filled with more information from strategically chosen components which coincide with the direction the company has chosen for the development of new components.

En approchant leurs limites ultimes, les technologies de silicium sont affectées par divers problèmes qui rendent de plus en plus difficile la poursuite de la miniaturisation technologique. Ces problèmes concernent en particulier la dissipation de puissance, le rendement paramétrique (affecté par la variation des paramètres du processus de fabrication, des tension d'alimentation et de la température), et la fiabilité (affectée par ces mêmes variations ainsi que par l'accélération du vieillissement, les interférences et les soft-errors) Cette thèse concerne le développement et la mise en œuvre des architectures de tolérance aux fautes et d'auto-calibration dédiées, ainsi que la validation de leurs capacités d'atténuer les problèmes mentionnés ci-dessus. / Approaching their ultimate limits, silicon technologies are affected by various problems that make more difficult further miniaturization technology. These problems relate particularly to power dissipation, parametric yield (affected by the variation of process parameters of manufacturing, supply voltage and temperature), and reliability (affected by these changes as well as the accelerated aging, interference and soft-errors). This thesis deals with the development and implementation of fault tolerant architectures and dedicated self-calibration and validation of their ability to mitigate the problems mentioned above.