Superligas à base de níquel têm uma grande variedade de aplicações, por exemplo, turbinas a gás de aviões, câmaras de combustão, válvulas de motores, etc. As suas principais propriedades são alta resistência mecânica às temperaturas elevadas (> 500 graus Celsius), alta resistência à abrasão, alta resistência à fadiga e boa resistência à corrosão. Por isso, são considerados materiais difíceis de serem retificados (ou Difficult To Grind - DTG). Condições severas de retificação em superligas podem causar altas temperaturas de corte (podendo atingir 1000 graus Celsius) e altas tensões (pressão) na região de contato (podendo chegar a 3450 MPa), o que leva ao desenvolvimento rápido do desgaste do rebolo, dependendo das suas características e da severidade das condições de corte. A melhoria do processo de retificação pode ser atingida com a utilização de grãos superabrasivos mais duros, como o CBN. O CBN apresenta um alto desempenho na usinagem e sua aplicação tem como principais vantagens: a redução dos tempos de ciclo, melhor qualidade e aumento de produtividade. O desgaste da ferramenta de corte nos diversos processos de fabricação é de extrema importância no custo total da produção, portanto, na retificação de superligas, o desgaste do rebolo CBN deve ser mínimo devido ao seu alto custo. O presente trabalho avalia o desempenho de um rebolo de CBN vitrificado na retificação dos materiais Inconel 751, Silcrome 1 e 21-2N. Testes foram realizados variando-se apenas a velocidade de avanço para determinar a influência deste no desgaste do rebolo. Foi possível determinar assim, a relação entre o desgaste da ferramenta e a força tangencial em um grão, obtendo-se uma curva característica do rebolo. / Nickel-based superalloys have a great variety of applications, for example, aircraft gas turbines, combustion chambers, engines valves, etc. Their main properties are high strength at high temperatures (> 500 Celsius degrees), high resistance to the abrasion, high fatigue strength and good resistance to the corrosion. Therefore, they are considered difficult to grind (DTG) materials. Severe grinding conditions of superalloys can cause high cutting temperatures (able to reach 1000 Celsius degrees) and high tensions in the contact zone (able to reach 3450 MPa). This leads to the fast development of the wear of CBN wheels, depending on the tool characteristics and the severity of the cutting conditions. The improvement of the grinding process can be reached with the use of harder superabrasive grains, as the CBN. The CBN presents high performance in machining. The main advantages are: the reduction of the cycles times, better quality and increase of productivity. The wheel wear is extreme important in the total production cost, therefore, in the grinding of superalloys, the wear CBN wheels have to be minimum due to its high cost. The present work evaluates the performance of vitrified CBN wheels in the grinding process of Inconel 751, Silcrome 1 and 21-2N. Tests were carried out varying the feed-rate to establish its influence on the wheel wear. It was possible to determine the relation between tool wear and tangential force per grain, obtaining the wheel characteristic curve.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-06-15T23:23:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 18.pdf: 1003465 bytes, checksum: 4ec0188cddd4cd7f3d6c8b0b4e08a5b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-15T23:23:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 18.pdf: 1003465 bytes, checksum: 4ec0188cddd4cd7f3d6c8b0b4e08a5b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02 / Nenhuma / Espécimes depositados em coleções científicas são uma importante fonte de DNA para identificações taxonômicas e estudos de genética de populações. Isso é especialmente verdadeiro para as espécies raras, as quais têm um grande valor científico em função do seu pequeno tamanho amostral em museus. Além disso, muitas vezes, o acesso às coleções para a realização de estudos moleculares sobre estes táxons só é possível através do uso de técnicas de extração de DNA não-invasivas. Um método alternativo que evita a destruição das amostras de museus e de extração eficiente é apresentado no presente trabalho para quatro exemplares de boto-da-tainha (Tursiops truncatus) coletados ao longo da costa de Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre os anos de 1985 e 2007. Com o auxílio de uma furadeira (modelo Bosch GSR 14,4-2) com brocas de cerca de 2 mm foram feitos pequenos furos em dentes de espécimes fisicamente adultos de Tursiops truncatus da coleção do Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (LAMAQ/UFSC). Foram retirados entre 100-150 mg de pó de dentina/cemento e desmineralizados por 7 dias à 55º C com 950 µl de EDTA (0,5 M; pH 8). Este material foi incubado à 55º C overnight para que as células sofressem digestão de proteínas e RNA pela ação de 300 µl de Tampão ATL, 20 µl de Proteinase K e 1 µl de RNAse. A etapa final foi concluída pelo kit de extração Qiagen DNA Investigator (QIAGEN®). A eficiência do DNA extraído foi testada através da amplificação de um fragmento de no mínimo 362 pares de base (pb) da região controladora do DNA mitocondrial em quatro espécimes de T. truncatus. Um total de dois haplótipos com 11 sítios polimórficos foram encontrados. O alto polimorfismo observado é uma possível decorrência da grande variabilidade genética do gênero Tursiops. Em casos onde existe a hipótese de subespécies baseada em caracteres morfológicos, a identificação molecular pode ajudar a atribuir os espécimes de museus a cada ecótipo, sendo de extrema importância o uso de métodos de extração eficientes e não-invasivos, como o demonstrado aqui, para a obtenção de resultados satisfatórios e preservação dos exemplares. / Museum specimens are an important source of DNA for taxonomic identifications and population genetics studies. This is especially true for rare species, which has great scientific value due to its small sample size in museums. Moreover, often, access to collections for performing molecular studies on these taxa is only possible through the use of nondestructive DNA extraction techniques. An alternative method, which avoids the destruction of museum samples and with an efficient DNA extraction is presented here for four bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) specimens collected along the coast of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 1985 to 2007. This is the first study in Brazil to amplify teeth DNA of T. truncatus for the mtDNA control region. Using a drill (Bosch GSR 14.4-2 model) with drill bits of about 2 mm, small holes were made in teeth of specimens of Tursiops truncatus physically adults deposited in the collection of the Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (LAMAQ/UFSC). Between 100-150 mg of powdered dentin/cementum were removed and demineralized for 7 days at 55° C with 950 µl of EDTA (0.5 M, pH 8). This material was incubated at 55° C overnight to the cells suffer digestion of proteins and RNA by the action of 300 µl of Buffer ATL, 20 µl Proteinase K and 1 µl of RNAse. The final step was completed by the extraction kit Qiagen DNA Investigator (QIAGEN®). The efficiency of the extracted DNA was tested by amplification of a fragment of at least 362 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial DNA control region in four specimens of T. truncatus. A total of two haplotypes were defined from 11 polymorphic sites. The high polymorphism detected is a possible consequence of the great genetic variability of the genus Tursiops. In cases where there is the subspecies hypothesis based on morphological data, molecular identification can help to assign these museum specimens to each ecotypes, being extremely important the use of efficient and nondestructive extraction methods, as showed here, to obtain satisfactory results and to conserve the specimens.

Superligas à base de níquel têm uma grande variedade de aplicações, por exemplo, turbinas a gás de aviões, câmaras de combustão, válvulas de motores, etc. As suas principais propriedades são alta resistência mecânica às temperaturas elevadas (> 500 graus Celsius), alta resistência à abrasão, alta resistência à fadiga e boa resistência à corrosão. Por isso, são considerados materiais difíceis de serem retificados (ou Difficult To Grind - DTG). Condições severas de retificação em superligas podem causar altas temperaturas de corte (podendo atingir 1000 graus Celsius) e altas tensões (pressão) na região de contato (podendo chegar a 3450 MPa), o que leva ao desenvolvimento rápido do desgaste do rebolo, dependendo das suas características e da severidade das condições de corte. A melhoria do processo de retificação pode ser atingida com a utilização de grãos superabrasivos mais duros, como o CBN. O CBN apresenta um alto desempenho na usinagem e sua aplicação tem como principais vantagens: a redução dos tempos de ciclo, melhor qualidade e aumento de produtividade. O desgaste da ferramenta de corte nos diversos processos de fabricação é de extrema importância no custo total da produção, portanto, na retificação de superligas, o desgaste do rebolo CBN deve ser mínimo devido ao seu alto custo. O presente trabalho avalia o desempenho de um rebolo de CBN vitrificado na retificação dos materiais Inconel 751, Silcrome 1 e 21-2N. Testes foram realizados variando-se apenas a velocidade de avanço para determinar a influência deste no desgaste do rebolo. Foi possível determinar assim, a relação entre o desgaste da ferramenta e a força tangencial em um grão, obtendo-se uma curva característica do rebolo. / Nickel-based superalloys have a great variety of applications, for example, aircraft gas turbines, combustion chambers, engines valves, etc. Their main properties are high strength at high temperatures (> 500 Celsius degrees), high resistance to the abrasion, high fatigue strength and good resistance to the corrosion. Therefore, they are considered difficult to grind (DTG) materials. Severe grinding conditions of superalloys can cause high cutting temperatures (able to reach 1000 Celsius degrees) and high tensions in the contact zone (able to reach 3450 MPa). This leads to the fast development of the wear of CBN wheels, depending on the tool characteristics and the severity of the cutting conditions. The improvement of the grinding process can be reached with the use of harder superabrasive grains, as the CBN. The CBN presents high performance in machining. The main advantages are: the reduction of the cycles times, better quality and increase of productivity. The wheel wear is extreme important in the total production cost, therefore, in the grinding of superalloys, the wear CBN wheels have to be minimum due to its high cost. The present work evaluates the performance of vitrified CBN wheels in the grinding process of Inconel 751, Silcrome 1 and 21-2N. Tests were carried out varying the feed-rate to establish its influence on the wheel wear. It was possible to determine the relation between tool wear and tangential force per grain, obtaining the wheel characteristic curve.

Följande arbete undersöker hur förskollärare bemöter barn i svåra livssituationer i förskolan. Syftet är att få kunskap om hur förskollärare på bästa möjliga sätt kan ge stöd till sådana barn, för att de lättare ska kunna komma ur den svåra livssituationen. Arbetet baseras på muntliga intervjustudier med erfarna förskollärare kring deras kunskaper, erfarenheter och råd i frågan. Intervjuerna resulterade i flera metoder i att bemöta barn i svåra livssituationer i förskolans verksamhet, för att kunna ge dem bekräftande närhet, trygghet, rutiner och se deras individuella behov. Intervjuerna resulterade även i flera metoder som förskollärarna använts sig av för att bemöta de berörda barnens föräldrar, liksom förlag på kreativa sysselsättningar för barnen för att kunna bearbeta den svåra livssituationen.

INTRODUÇÃO: A asma grave acomete menos de 10% dos asmáticos, mas tem um impacto desproporcional sobre a utilização de recursos de saúde, contribuindo para, pelo menos, metade dos custos diretos e indiretos da doença. A proporção de indivíduos obesos ou com sobrepeso é elevada em pacientes com asma grave. Na verdade, a obesidade é um fator de risco para a asma, está associada com a gravidade da doença, com pior resposta a corticosteroides e pior controle clínico. Estudos sobre os efeitos da perda de peso em pacientes com asma ainda são escassos. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o impacto da perda de peso com medidas clínicas em pacientes com asma grave e obesidade. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo prospectivo randomizado aberto com dois grupos paralelos. Os participantes eram obesos e com asma grave e que, depois de um período de run-in de três meses, não estavam controlados de acordo com critérios da GINA. Os pacientes elegíveis foram randomizados em uma proporção de 2:1 (perda de peso: controle). Todos os participantes passaram por consultas bimensais no ambulatório de asma e foram acompanhados por seis meses. O desfecho primário foi o nível de controle da asma seis meses após o início do programa de redução de peso medido pelo Questionário de Controle da Asma (ACQ). Os desfechos secundários incluíram o Teste de Controle da Asma (ACT), resultados de função pulmonar, o Questionário Respiratório de St. George (SGRQ), a mudança na reatividade brônquica à metacolina, o uso diário de medicação de alívio para asma, percentagem de dias livres de sintomas, número de visitas ao pronto-socorro e exacerbações, marcadores de inflamação das vias aéreas medidos pelo escarro induzido e pelo óxido nítrico exalado (FeNO). IgE, proteína C reactiva, eotaxina, leptina e Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF 1) também foram medidos. RESULTADOS: Trinta e três foram randomizados. O grupo era composto predominantemente de mulheres com obstrução moderada, aprisionamento de ar, aumento da resistência das vias aéreas e marcada eosinofilia no escarro. O aumento dos níveis séricos de IgE foram consistentes com uma predominância de asma atópica. Dos 22 pacientes randomizados para submeterem-se a tratamento para a obesidade, 12 atingiram a meta de perda de peso de, pelo menos, 10% do peso corporal. A redução de peso no grupo de tratamento foi associada com melhor controle da asma medido pelo ACQ, ACT e SGRQ. Houve aumento de dias sem sintomas, menor uso de medicação de resgate e menos visitas ao serviço de emergência durante o período de estudo. Não houve diferença no número de exacerbações. A capacidade vital forçada (CVF) aumentou significativamente no grupo de tratamento e permaneceu inalterada no grupo de controle. As outras medidas da função pulmonar não mostraram diferenças entre os grupos. A hiperreatividade das vias aéreas, níveis de óxido nítrico exalado e celularidade do escarro induzido não se alterou ao longo do estudo. Os níveis de leptina diminuíram em ambos os grupos. Os níveis séricos de IgE, proteína C-reactiva, eotaxina, e TGF-1 não se alteraram. CONCLUSÃO: Nosso estudo adiciona informações à controvérsia sobre o impacto da obesidade e seu tratamento no controle da asma. Nossos resultados sugerem que a redução de peso em pacientes obesos com asma grave melhore os resultados de asma por mecanismos não relacionados com a inflamação das vias aéreas e que o controle da asma pobre em pessoas obesas é, pelo menos em parte, o resultado de fatores relacionados com a obesidade. A abordagem terapêutica para pacientes obesos com dificuldade de tratar a asma deve ser destinada à redução de peso, bem como à intensificação do tratamento anti-inflamatório / INTRODUTION: Severe asthma affects less than 10% of asthmatics, but has a disproportionate impact on the use of health resources, contributing to at least half of the direct and indirect costs of the disease. The proportion of obese or overweight individuals is elevated in patients with severe asthma. In fact, obesity is a risk factor for asthma, is associated with the severity of the disease, a poor response to corticosteroids and worse clinical control. Studies on the effects of weight loss in patients with asthma are still scarce. OBJECTIVES: Assess the impact of weight loss with a medical weight loss program in patients with severe asthma associated with obesity. METHODS: This is a prospective open study with two randomized parallel groups. The participants were obese and with severe asthma and, after a three month run-in period, were not controlled according to GINA criteria. Eligible patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio (weight loss:control). All participants attended bimonthly consultations in the asthma clinic and were followed for six months. The primary outcome measure was the level of asthma control 6 months after initiation of the weight reduction program quantified by using the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). Secondary clinical outcomes included the Asthma Control Test (ACT), lung function results, score on the St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), change in metacholine reactivity, daily use of asthma reliever medication, percentage of asthma symptom free days, number of visits to emergency room and exacerbations, markers of airway cellular inflammation measured in induced sputum and with exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). IgE, C reactive protein, leptin, eotaxin and Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF1) levels in serum were also measured. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were randomized. The group consisted predominantly of women with moderate airflow obstruction, air trapping, increased airway resistance and marked eosinophilia in the sputum. The increased serum levels of IgE were consistent with a predominance of atopic asthma. Of the 22 patients randomized to undergo treatment for obesity, 12 achieved the weight loss goal of at least 10% of body weight. The reduction in weight in the treatment group was associated with improvement in the control as measured by ACQ, ACT and SGRQ. There was increase of symptom-free days, less use of rescue medication and fewer visits to the emergency room during the study period. There were no differences in the number of exacerbations. The forced vital capacity (FVC) increased significantly in the treatment group and remained unchanged in the control group. The other measures of the pulmonary function showed no differences between groups. The airway hyperresponsiveness, exhaled nitric oxide levels and induced sputum cellularity did not change throughout the study. Leptin levels decreased in both groups. Serum levels of IgE, C-reactive protein, eotaxin, and TGF-1 did not change. CONCLUSION: Our study adds information to the controversy about the impact of obesity and its treatment on asthma control. Our results suggest that weight reduction in obese patients with severe asthma improves asthma outcomes by mechanisms not related to airway inflammation and that poor asthma control in people who are obese is at least in part the result of obesity-related factors. The therapeutic approach for obese patients with difficult-to-treat asthma should therefore be aimed at weight reduction as well as on intensifying antiinflammatory treatment

Bakgrund: Distriktssköterskor i hemsjukvården arbetar självständigt i ett växande arbetsfält med allt sjukare patienter och mer avancerad vård. Teamarbete, samverkan och arbetsledning ställer höga krav på distriktssköterskans arbete vilket har väckt uppmärksamhet och forskning kring arbetssituationer som ställer så pass höga krav på distriktssköterskan att det inverkar negativt på distriktssköterskans hälsa och riskerar patientsäkerheten. Syfte: Att undersöka distriktssköterskors erfarenhet av svåra situationer i hemsjukvården. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ ansats. Tolv distriktssköterskor verksamma inom kommunal hemsjukvård har deltagit i studien och med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer har data insamlats. Därefter har data analyserats genom induktiv innehållsanalys. Resultat: Distriktssköterskor i hemsjukvården erfar svåra situationer i en bristande arbetsmiljö, i svårigheter i rollen som omvårdnadsledare, i bristande samsyn inom vårdorganisationen samt svårigheter i relationen med anhöriga och patient. För varje kategori finns underkategorier såsom hot och våld, ensamarbetets baksida, tidsbrist, svårt att leda arbetet när personalen brister i sin yrkesutövning, baspersonal som bedömer patienten ur ett annat perspektiv, stöttande av personal i svåra situationer, samverkan med andra professioner, svårt att få kontakt med läkare, anhörigas behov av bekräftelse och försummande av egenvårdsansvaret. Konklusion: Distriktssköterskorna erfor flera svåra situationer inom den kommunala hemsjukvården. För att säkerställa distriktssköterskors hälsa och trygga patientsäkerheten behöver dessa situationer synliggöras och åtgärdas. / Background: District nurses in home care work independently in a growing field of work with increasingly ill patients and more advanced care. Teamwork, collaboration and staff management demand high quality in the district nurse performance, which has drawn attention and research to work situations demanding so much that the district nurse health and patient safety are adversely affected. Purpose: To investigate the district nurses' experience of difficult situations in home caring. Method: The study has a qualitative approach. Twelve district nurses working in municipal home care participated in the study and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Data has been analyzed through an inductive content analysis. Results: District nurses in home care experience difficult situations in a lacking work environment, difficulties in the role as nursing leader in a lacking consensus in the caring organization, as well as difficulties in the relation between dependent and patient. Each area is divided in sub categories, such as threat and violence, working alone, time constraints, difficulties in management when personnel is lacking in performing nursing care, collaboration with other profession, supporting personnel, difficulties of getting in touch with doctors, caring staff assessing patients in another perspective, dependents’ need of confirmation and patients lacking in self-care. Conclusion: District nurses experience difficult situations in nursing homecare. To ensure the district nurses´ health and ensure patients safety requires these situations have to be made visible and addressed.

I min uppsatts kommer jag att utgå från en berättelse som beskriver ett fall av orosanmälan som jag upplevde i mitt arbete på förskolan. Anmälan grundades på barnets berättelse och resulterade i ett samtal på ett kriscentrum i närvaro av polis, psykolog och åklagare, utan föräldrars vetskap. Jag valde essäform för min uppsats därför att den skrivformen bjuder på ett reflekterande tillvägagångssätt och lämpar sig för mitt känsliga ämne. Genom att gestalta anmälningspliktens skuggsidor vill jag försöka bringa förståelse för den väldigt känslosamma företeelsen. Jag kommer att belysa vad anmälningsplikten går ut på samt undersöka vilka är mina skyldigheter som pedagog vid anmälningar. Jag kommer att reflektera kring barnets utsatta position, föräldrars samt de anmälande pedagogernas svåra läge. Min uppsats genomsyras av tanken att anmälningsplikten kan te sig som en hård lag men ändå en lag som skall följas utan förbehåll. Pedagogens eget omdöme bör inte förekomma vid orosanmälan. Anmälan görs för barnets skull och inte mot familjen. / My essay starts by describing a case of a "declaration of concern" regarding a child that I experienced in my work at a preschool. The duty to make a notification was based on the child's story and led to a meeting at a crisis center. The meeting involved the presence of police, psychologists and prosecutors, without parental knowledge. I chose the essay form for this subject because this writing form offers a reflective approach which is suitable for such a sensitive topic. By describing the negative aspects associated with this duty of notification I want to try to bring some understanding of the very emotional issues associated with a notification. I will highlight what the notification requirement is about and examine what - my obligations are as a teacher in making a declaration of concern leading to a notification to the relevant local authorities and government agencies. I will reflect on the child's vulnerable position as well as the difficult position of parents and notifying teachers. The pervading idea in the essay is that the obligation to report your concern may seem like a hard law but a law that has to be followed without reservation. The teacher´s own opinion or judgment is irrelevant in a declaration of concern and subsequent notification. Registration of the concern is done for the child's sake and not the sake of the family.

This qualitative study is aimed to explore the leaders’ experiences of difficult conversations in their work. We have examined if they take on a different role during the difficult conversations and how communication can affect their leadership during the conversation. We have also examined the importance of the leaders’ ability to distance themselves from the sensitive subject and situation, to maintain their role as leaders. We conducted six interviews with leaders who often convey difficult messages in their daily work. The interviews were based on a semi- structured interview guide. The interview results were analyzed with the help of George H. Mead´s role-taking theory and his concept of "I" and "Me", and Erving Goffman´s dramaturgical perspective and impression management concept. The theories and concepts contributed to a deeper understanding of leaders´ experiences regarding difficult conversations. According to the results, the leaders seem to practice Role-taking in their everyday work, to be able to distance themselves from the sensitive subject and avoid getting too emotionally involved. Impression management also appears to be a useful tool that leaders use in order to control the situation during the difficult conversation. Communication, both verbal and non-verbal communication is something that is perceived by the leaders, to have an impact on the impression that the employee gets during the difficult conversations. Adapting the leaders´ ways of communication can therefore help to influence, and regulate the experience, impression and reaction the employee will have. / I denna kvalitativa studie undersöker vi ledares erfarenheter av svåra samtal i arbetslivet, om dessa intar en annan roll vid svåra samtal samt på vilket sätt kommunikationen kan påverka ledarskapet under samtalet. Vi undersökte även vilken betydelse distansering har för att lyckas behålla sin roll som ledare. Vi har genomfört 6 intervjuer med ledare som ofta förmedlar svåra budskap i sitt arbete. Intervjuerna gjordes utifrån en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Sedan analyserades resultatet med hjälp av George H. Meads teori om rollövertagande och begreppen den generaliserade andre, I och Me. Samt Erving Goffmans teori om den dramaturgiska handlingsmodellen och begreppet intrycksstyrning. Teorierna och begreppen bidrog till en djupare förståelse av ledares erfarenheter av svåra samtal. Rollövertagande verkar enligt resultaten vara något som ledarna utövar, för att enklare kunna utföra sitt arbete och distansera sig, för att inte bli för emotionellt engagerad. Intrycksstyrning verkar också vara ett användbart verktyg som ledare använder sig av för att styra situationen under samtalet. Kommunikation, både verbal och icke-verbal uppfattas ha en påverkan på intrycket som medarbetaren får. Anpassning av ledarens sätt att kommunicera på kan hjälpa till att styra och reglera medarbetarens intryck och reaktion.

The diploma thesis explores the influence of music on the personal development of people in marginal and extreme life situations. In the theoretical part it presents music in its history, its great influence on human personality development and obviously ways to cope with demanding and difficult life situations. The diploma thesis tries to document the life stories of people, who find themselves in extremely limited life situations and these people solved their situation through music and musical self education. The diploma thesis examines, investigates and assesses and evaluates it from position of music educator and examines how music influenced the quality of their lives during health disorders and distabilities and social exclusion. Voted and selected qualitative research strategy helping by using a structured interview technique with three respondents was to obtain and get relevant replies and answers to research questions how they experienced the difficult life situations with the help of music, next, how they have dealt with extreme life situations, and, last time, how the experience of their difficult life situations has been assessed by the educator. The diploma thesis confirmed the assumption that music as an art and instrument of music therapy can be used regularly in direct social work with those people, which they find themselves in difficult life situations as a means of improving their lives.

The diploma thesis explores the influence of music on the personal development of people in marginal and extreme life situations. In the theoretical part it presents music in its history, its great influence on human personality development and obviously ways to cope with demanding and difficult life situations. The diploma thesis tries to document the life stories of people, who find themselves in extremely limited life situations and these people solved their situation through music and musical self education. The diploma thesis examines, investigates and assesses and evaluates it from position of music educator and examines how music influenced the quality of their lives during health disorders and distabilities and social exclusion. Voted and selected qualitative research strategy helping by using a structured interview technique with three respondents was to obtain and get relevant replies and answers to research questions how they experienced the difficult life situations with the help of music, next, how they have dealt with extreme life situations, and, last time, how the experience of their difficult life situations has been assessed by the educator. The diploma thesis confirmed the assumption that music as an art and instrument of music therapy can be used regularly in direct social work with those people, which they find themselves in difficult life situations as a means of improving their lives.