<p>The Trappan Model is one of the most implemented treatment programs for children who have experienced domestic violence. This study undertakes a wider evaluation of the model through a pilot study. The approach is both quantitive and qualitative. Theory as well as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire have been used to fulfil the aim. The design is pre-post. The respondents are thirteen children who have undergone Trappan treatment programs in Uppsala during 2007. Pre-tests and comparison groups have been used to ascertain the psychological, emotional and behavioural health of the children prior to treatment. It is evident that the children have fewer peer relationships than other children before treatment, positive changes have occurred after treatment regarding the active social development of the children.</p>

<p>This study is about inmates, who reflect upon their time in school, their experiences of school and how different things have influenced and affect them later in life. The aim with this study is to examine how different kinds of school related issues have affected the inmates in different ways. The aim is also to look at how school can spot in early years, children within the danger zone and provide for those children, so that they can be helped in different ways and so that they can be able to achieve different in life, not to end up becoming criminals later in life.</p><p>The main questions in this study are:</p><p>How did the chosen inmates experience their time in school?</p><p>Can you by looking at research tell that these persons already in their childhood were children within the danger zone?</p><p>What kind of school related issues could have contributed to a criminal lifestyle later in life?</p><p>The result of this study shows that all five have been children within the danger zone. In all five cases there have been school related issues that have affected those men. Issues such as; truancy, bullying, school defection, difficulties of concentrating and reading- and writing disorders. Issues which are to be seen as issues that could lead to a criminal lifestyle later in life.</p>

<p>Many researches have been done about the difficulties in teaching children with disabilities and like in this case dyslexia, which is the disability my essay is focused on. Earlier researches have investigated how and what teachers do practically when they have pupils with dyslexia and what help they have in their work. I wanted to investigate how the theories in National Compulsory School Curriculum (Lpo94) and about inclusive education in relation to the actual work in one Swedish school. My essay, with help of other research, has taken the expression “school for all” and it’s meaning to what is possible to do in a real life work situation, with the assignments that schools have in Lpo94. The result from my research on this Swedish school in Stockholm region is that they have a somewhat impossible goal to achieve, if the School system wants to be a “school for all” and at the same time fulfil their obligations in Lpo94 about an inclusive education and at the same time notice and offer alternative education to the ordinary if necessary.</p>

<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> my aim was to explore ways that teachers can support students with dyslexia and what/ which tools some teachers / special education teachers use to facilitate students.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> I used a quantitative method by interviewing some regular teachers and special education teachers</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In my study, I learned how some teachers can support students by reading loud to them; a main task for the teachers could be to create the love of reading for the students. That task was reinforced by students' self-image.</p>

<p>The Squares Family is a game developed as a learning aid in mathematics. With its graphical representation of the decimal system, the four basic arithmetic operations and positive and negative numbers together with a learning agent as pedagogical approach, the game’s primary purpose is to motivate students in their learning of mathematics. Although the game is strictly based on mathematical rules it attempts to encourage students to play and work with math without experiencing it as mathematics as this is initially not obvious. The game being internationally tested on normal performing students, this project introduced the game to six Swedish students who experience low motivation for and/or difficulties in mathematics. The students from fifth up to seventh grade participated therefore in a three weeks’ study. The ultimate goal of this project is to make suggestions on the integration of the game in the students’ learning environment and on the adaptation of it to fit their needs. In order to be able to make such recommendations, following question was raised: How does the learning situation look like for students experiencing difficulties in mathematics? An attempt to understand the complexity of their learning situation was made through several tests in students’ attitude, self-efficacy and understanding of mathematics, through observations of their game playing, interview with their pedagogue and through a questionnaire on their attitude towards the game and their special education in mathematics and in their understanding of traditionally vs. graphically represented mathematical problems. Despite the time limited study it is obvious that the students’ difficulties in mathematics are not independent of other factors, as the majority of these students display a negative attitude, a low self-efficacy and a sensibility for disturbances and reactions from their social network.</p> / <p>Räkna med Rutiga Familjen är ett spel utvecklat som läromedel i matematik. Spelets huvudmål är att motivera elever i sitt lärande genom sin grafiska representation av decimalsystemet, de fyra räknesätten, positiva och negativa tal samt genom sin pedagogiska ansats av en lärande agent. För att motivera elever att spela och arbeta med matematik utan att initialt vara medveten om det, är matematiken i spelet trots sin matematiska grund, nedtonad. Spelet som testas internationellt mot normaltpresterande elever, introducerades i detta projekt till sex svenska elever med låg motivation för och/eller svårigheter i matematik. Eleverna som är från femte till sjunde klass deltog i denna undersökning under en tre veckors period. Projektets huvudmål är att föreslå rekommendationer för matematikspelets integration i undervisningen av elever med matematiksvårigheter och för anpassning av spelet till deras behov. Som utgångspunkt för framtagning av rekommendationerna ställdes följande fråga: Hur ser lärsituationen ut för elever som upplever svårigheter i matematik? I ett försök att förstå komplexiteten av elevernas lärsituation genomfördes flera tester i deras attityd, självvärdering och matematikförståelse, observationer av deras spelande, intervju med specialpedagogen samt enkät kring deras attityd gentemot spelet och specialundervisningen och kring deras förståelse för traditionellt vs grafiskt representerade matematikuppgifter. Trots studiens tidsbegränsning är det uppenbart att elevernas svårigheter i matematik hänger samman med andra faktorer, då majoriteten av eleverna uppvisar en negativ inställning, en låg självvärdering samt känslighet för störningar och reaktioner från sitt sociala nätverk.</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>I have chosen to make a study of the learning of reading and writing, as well as other learning difficulties that may occur, in this research.</p><p>My choice of subject is based on the realizations I made during my time as a student teacher; that each teacher has his/her own way of teaching reading and writing. Sometimes, however, learning difficulties occur, and this insight caught my attention. It made me think about the underlaying reasons and how we, as teachers, can bring attention to these difficulties. With these questions in mind, I recorded my observations based on a series of interviews and literary studies in an attempt to answer my questions. The resulting research emphasizes how important the actions from the teachers are, as well the importance of having variety in your lesson plan. As teachers, we have to give each pupil the time he or she needs, to ensure that they understand what is being taught. The achievement of this, will be a fun and pleasurable learning experience.</p> / <p>Sammandrag</p><p>I denna undersökning har jag granskat läs- och skrivinlärning, samt svårigheter som kan uppstå kring detta.</p><p>Bakgrunden till mitt ämnesval ligger i att jag under min tid som lärarstuderande fått insikt i att varje pedagog har sitt eget tillvägagångssätt när det gäller läs- och skrivinlärning, vilket väckte mitt intresse. Ibland uppstår dock svårigheter kring detta, vilket gjorde att jag började fundera kring varför detta sker samt hur vi som pedagoger kan uppmärksamma dessa svårigheter. Med dessa funderingar i bakgrunden har jag gjort intervjuer och observationer, samt tagit del av litteratur för att finna svar på mina frågor. De resultat jag kommit fram till betonar pedagogens agerande och vikten av en varierad undervisning, samt att vi som pedagoger måste se varje elev liksom ge dem tid. Strävar vi efter detta, kan vi uppnå ett lärande som upplevs som något lustfyllt och roligt.</p>

<p><p>Syftet med det här arbetet var att undersöka utifrån några pedagogers perspektiv hur koncentrationssvårigheter beskrivs samt hur elevers koncentrationssvårigheter påverkar andra elever/klassen. Jag valde att göra en intervjustudie, där jag intervjuade fyra pedagoger utifrån deras erfarenheter och upplevelser. Jag ställde frågor som berörde svårigheter och yttrande av koncentrationssvårigheter, de andra elevernas reaktioner samt påverkan på klassen.</p><p>Resultatet av undersökningen visade att pedagogerna upplever att elever kan tycka att det är jobbigt och kan själva bli störda av barnet med koncentrationssvårigheter. Det framkom också att barnen runtomkring lär sig att hantera situationen genom att t.ex. ignorera. Pedagogerna tryckte på en öppen och rak kommunikation och värderade diskussioner med klassen högt, allt detta för att skapa en förståelse barnen emellan.</p><p>Forskning kring koncentrationssvårigheter finns det en uppsjö av. Den medicinska, sociala och den pedagogiska delen finns oftast med, men hur koncentrationssvårigheterna påverkar omgivningen finns det sämre av. Därför valde jag att också belysa eleverna runtomkring elever med koncentrationssvårigheter utifrån pedagogers perspektiv.</p></p> / <p><p>The purpose of this work was to study from a couple of teachers perspective how concentrations difficulties is being described and also how pupil.s concentration difficulties influence other pupils/the class. I chose to do an interviewstudy, where I interviewed four teachers from out of their experiences. I asked questions which touched diffuculties and how it manifests, the other pupils reactions and the influence on the class.</p><p>The result of the study showed that the teachers experience that pupils can feel that it is hard and can get disturbed by the child with concentration difficulties. It also came to light that the children around is making up strategies to handle the situation, for an example by ignoring. The teachers pushed for an open and straight communication and valued discussions with the class highly, all to build understanding between the children.</p><p>There is a lot of research about concentration difficulties. The medical, social and pedagogic pieces are there, but there is less about how the environment is effected. Therefore I chose to also shed a light on the pupils around the pupils with concentration difficulties from teachers' perspectives.</p></p>

<p>My purpose with this examination paper has been to inquire and make a contribution with knowledge about how teachers and remedial teachers work with children who has difficulties in mathematics.</p><p> </p><p>My specified question of issue was: How do teachers work with children who have difficulties in mathematics?</p><p> </p><p>My methods have been to read literature and to accomplish an examination by qualitative interviews with teachers and remedial teachers. My choice of methods has been contributing of me getting a good materiel about how teachers can work with children who has difficulties in mathematics. </p><p>The examination paper begins with the schools curriculum ”Lpo94” and definitions of difficulties in mathematics. Further the examination paper withholds charters of knowledge and capacity within mathematics, the learning process and different causes to difficulties in mathematics. Afterwards comes the primary part of the examination paper that withholds the teachers work, the educational contents, materiel and individualisation. Then comes the chapter of methods and the result of the inquire with the interview questions and answers. Afterwards comes an analyse of the inquires result and earlier research. The examination paper is completed with a discussion and a proposal to continued research.</p><p>My definitive conclusion is that teachers different work options like with elaborative materiel, solution of problems and words within mathematics, gives a better learning process and development for pupils with difficulties in mathematics. The teacher shall also adjust the educational contents too the pupils qualifications and needs.</p> / <p>Mitt syfte med examensarbetet har varit att undersöka och bidra med kunskap om hur lärare och speciallärare/specialpedagoger arbetar med barn som har matematiksvårigheter.</p><p> </p><p>Min preciserade frågeställning var: Hur arbetar lärare med barn som har matematiksvårigheter?</p><p> </p><p>Mina metoder har varit att läsa litteratur och att genomföra en undersökning som gjordes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare och speciallärare. Mina metodval har bidragit till att jag fått ett bra material om hur lärare kan arbeta med barn som har matematiksvårigheter.</p><p>Examensarbetet inleds med skolan läroplan Lpo94 och definitioner av matematiksvårigheter. Vidare innehåller examensarbetet avsnitt om kunskap och förmåga inom matematik, inlärningsprocessen och olika orsaker till matematiksvårigheter. Sedan kommer examensarbetets huvudavsnitt som innehåller lärarens arbete, undervisningens innehåll, material och individualisering. Efter detta kommer metodkapitlet och resultatet av undersökningen med intervjufrågor och svar. Sedan kommer en analys av undersökningens resultat och tidigare forskning. Examensarbetet avslutas med en diskussion och förslag till fortsatt forskning.      </p><p> </p><p>Min slutsats är att lärarens olika arbetssätt som t.ex. med laborativa material, problemlösning och begrepp inom matematiken bidrar till en bättre inlärningsprocess och utveckling hos elever som har matematiksvårigheter. Läraren ska även anpassa undervisningens innehåll till elevens förutsättningar och behov.</p>

<p><strong>Sammanfattning</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Det är inte bara elever med dyslexi som har läs- och skrivsvårigheter, utan problemet har ökat överallt i vårt moderna samhälle. Kraven på att läsa och ha god läsförståelse ökar i takt med att allt mer information skickas till oss via media, internet och post. Detta problem medförde att vi på den skola jag arbetar startade ett läsprojekt för att öka elevernas läsförståelse och därmed också deras resultat i skolan. Syftet med mitt arbete är att ta reda på vilka svårigheter och orsaker det finns för elever som har läs- och skrivsvårigheter, samt hur man ökar deras läsförståelseförmåga. Kan elever bara genom att läsa mera, kunna förbättra sina prestationer i läsförståelse. För att få ett svar på detta har jag undersökt elevers resultat av läsförståelsediagnoser. Resultaten presenteras utifrån en stanineskala som är en standardskala där elevernas poäng överförs till en niogradig skala. Ett staninevärde på fem motsvarar medelvärde. Sammanlagt nittiosju elever i samma ålder har kartlagts under högstadietiden. Resultatet vid undersökningen blev att läsförståelsen förbättrades för de svaga läsarna. Det visade sig också att de som var bra i sin läsförståelse i årskurs sju, sänkte sina resultat och närmade sig medelstanine fem. Ökad lästid i skolan har gjort att eleverna ökat sin läsförståelse. Däremot krävs det en utveckling av projektet, där samtalet kring det man läser sätts i fokus. Samtal ökar elevers förståelse och reflekterande.</p> / <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The problem with dyslexia has increased everywhere in our modern society. Requirements of proficiency in reading and comprehension skills, increases at a similar speed to that which information is disseminated. This problem led to a reading project in the school where I work. The aim was to increase pupils reading, comprehension and also their overall performance. Is it a possibility that by just reading more in school, pupils can improve their performance? To find and answer I have researched the pupils results from a reading comprehension diagnosis. The results are presented from a stanine scale, a standard scale where pupils points transfers to a nine degree scale. A stanine value of five is equal to mean and the lowest values are one and two. The reading diagnosis was undertaken by 97 pupils in the same age. The fist was carried out in autumn term of year seven and then every autumn up to year nine. The results show that reading comprehension improved for weaker readers from level one and two in year seven, to level three and four in year nine. The results also showed that pupils with good abilities in year seven lowered their results to middle stanine five in year nine. More time for reading in school shows that pupils increase their reading comprehension. However, the project needs to develop further, with focus on discussions following the reading of a text.</p>

Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.