Magister Artium - MA / The study explores the negotiation of identities through linguistic innovations such as codeswitching, code-mixing and differing language choices in different domains of home and school in Belhar. The focus is to examine how languages are used to negotiate class, age, generational, socio-economic, etc differences in selected schools and homes in the community of Belhar. The specific study objectives include the following: 1. To find out the linguistic options and identities (including hybrid identities), that are available to the Belhar community. 2. To explore how Afrikaans and English (and other languages) are used as linguistic resources in the community of Belhar. The Belvue Primary school was used as a vehicle to gain access to the families in Belhar which were used as case studies. The data was collected by observing learners in the classroom, interviewing educators, interviewing parents and observing linguistic practices in the homes/families of selected learners. Using poststructuralist coupled with the social constructionist approach the study is a clear departure from studies and paradigms current in vogue in South Africa, which have linked language and ethnic identity in unambiguous ways. These paradigms also see ethnic identity as fixed and communities as homogenous and language as having a one-to-one correlation with identity. However, these studies do not consider that identities are constructed and negotiated during interaction with others. In this regard it was found that individuals in the community of Belhar constantly construct and negotiate identity using language as central to the identity behaviour. Thus ultimately their language and identity cannot be described as pro-English or pro- Afrikaans.

The English language holds a powerful role world-wide and is now used in some domains in Sweden. This has caused concern for the future of the Swedish language and whether or nor diglossia is underway. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate if there are differences in the attitudes towards the increasing use of English in Swedish society between two different populations of upper-secondary school students: a) students who attend the International Baccalaureate Programme (whose medium of instruction is English), and b) students who attend the Social Science Programme (whose medium of instruction is Swedish). The study investigates students’ pattern and language use and attitudes through the use of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and reflective journals. The results show that the IB pupils are somewhat less positively disposed towards the increased influence of the English language in Swedish society and argue that it might pose a threat to the status of the Swedish language. However, the investigation also discloses that most IB pupils, to a much larger extent than the SP pupils, consider English paramount in order to succeed in today’s society. Furthermore, the results indicate that the IB pupils’ attitudes towards the expansion of the English language in Swedish society largely correspond to the main objective of Mål i mun, i.e. to protect the Swedish language as well as promote the English language. Key words: diglossia, domain, language shift, attitudes, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, reflective journals

No description available.

This thesis analyses linguistic policies in Bulgaria, during the Ottoman, monarchical, communist and post-communist periods and its effects on the Turkish minority in Bulgaria. The linguistic policies in Bulgaria did not follow consistent policies / on the contrary, it followed different policies in different periods. The aim of this thesis is to analyse how the Turkish minority experiences and perceives linguistic rights in the post-communist period, such as study of and in Turkish language, Turkish minority media, use of minority personal names, naming of topographical places and the status of Turkish language in official and administrative institutions. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were carried out in ISiklar (Samuil) municipality in Bulgaria, where Turks constitute the absolute majority of the population. As a result of the analyses of the experiences of the Turkish minority, it was observed that (Turkish) linguistic rights and language were experienced by the Turkish minority in terms of ethnolinguistic identity. It is concluded that symbolic power and diglossia relationships between Turkish and Bulgarian languages affected the ways of perception of (Turkish) linguistic rights by the Turkish minority in Bulgaria.

The present study seeks to investigate the linguistic behavior of two Newari high castes, called Shresthas and Udas, living in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, in their use of Newari, the ethnic language, and Nepali, the national language. Specifically, the study attempts to explain the hypothesis that the Hindu (Shrestha) Newars are becoming monolingual in Nepali while the Buddhist (Udas) Newars are maintaining their bilingualism in Nepali and Newari. To do so, a questionnaire was distributed to a total of 96 subjects, selected through quota sampling procedures. The questionnaire not only elicits information about the situational and societal variation in the subjects' use of Newari and Nepali but also reveals their attitudes and opinions about the differential use of these languages. Also, the participant observation method was employed to supplement and validate the responses derived from the questionnaire survey.The results from this study suggest a diglossic behavior in the Udas' use of Newari and Nepali, which, however, is remarkably different from those found in classic diglossic settings. This, in turn, leads to a reexamination of Ferguson's concept of diglossia. The Shresthas, on the other hand, frequently alternate between Newari and Nepali regardless of situation. Such linguistic differences between these two groups are related to their varied social networks and relationships; the Udas Newars' greater use of Newari is due to their closed social networks while the Shresthas' greater use of Nepali is due to their open social networks.The data on the analysis of the subjects' attitudes and opinions toward Nepali and Newari indicate that the Udas Newars are positive and favorable toward Newari while the Shresthas are ambivalent in their opinions toward these languages. This study, therefore, emphasizes a strong need for bilingual education in the country.The results of the present study show that the Udas' use of Newari exclusively at home and with children is a major factor in its retention. Among the Shresthas, it is rapidly losing ground to Nepali. Newari then is gradually dying away among the Shresthas, and will continually do so in the absence of institutional support. / Department of English

Resumo: Partindo da concepção de que as línguas não constituem realidades estáticas, a presente pesquisa trabalha com duas sincronias linguísticas, focalizando as mudanças morfossintáticas sofridas pelo sistema das preposições, de forma a identificar convergências entre essas variedades linguísticas. A primeira sincronia é um estágio do processo de evolução do sistema latino. Para isso, é utilizada a coleção de documentos e textos medievais intitulada Portugaliae Monumenta Historica, que datam do século VIII ao século XV. A coleção consta de quatro partes, das quais se trabalha com uma amostragem dos fascículos 1, 3 e 5 da parte intitulada Leges et Consuetudines. O material estudado abrange as cartas constitutivas dos municípios, ou forais, e foi publicado entre 1856-1868. Nessa sincronia, as preposições analisadas são: ad, cum, de e in. Para a outra sincronia, trabalha-se com um córpus de redações escritas por estudantes que estejam concluindo ou que tenham concluído o ensino médio na rede paulista de ensino, especificamente nas cidades de Ribeirão Preto, Rio Claro e Itirapina. Para o estudo dessa sincronia, as preposições analisadas são: a, com, de, em, para e por, que constituem as preposições mais gramaticalizadas no português. Considera-se que há diglossia nas duas sincronias: na primeira, por haver uma língua usada na fala e outra na escrita; e, na segunda, por haver uma variedade falada e outra escrita; ou seja, são utilizadas variedades diferentes, sendo que a forma representada pela escrita das duas sincronias é aprendida com a educação formal. Os objetivos do trabalho são: (i) fazer um estudo do uso do emprego das preposições e dos casos regidos por elas em um estágio tardio do sistema latino; (ii) analisar o português paulista moderno, considerando o comportamento das preposições, dando ênfase a seu apagamento em determinadas funções... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Leading from the idea that the languages are not static realities, this research works two linguistic synchronies, focusing the morphosyntatic changes made by the system of prepositions, in order to identify similarities among these linguistic varieties. The first synchrony is a process phase of evolution for the Latin system. Therefore, it is used the collection of documents and medieval texts that is called Portugaliae Monumenta Historica, dating from the eighth to the fifteenth century. The collection consists in four parts, of which are together worked with a sampling of issues 1, 3 and 5 of the part called Leges et Consuetudines. The studied material includes the charters of cities, and it was published in 1856-1868. In this study, the analyzed prepositions are: ad, cum, de and in. To synchrony the other one, is used a corpus of essays written by students who are completing or have completed high school in the São Paulo network of education, specifically in the cities of Ribeirão Preto, Rio Claro and Itirapina. To study this synchrony, the analyzed prepositions are: a, com, de, em, para e por, which constitute the most grammaticalized prepositions in Portuguese. It is considered that there is a diglossia in the two synchronies: first, because there is one language used in speaking while there's another used in writing; and second, because there is a variety spoken and another variety written; that is, different varieties are used, and the shape represented by the writing of two synchronies is learned through formal education. The study aims to: (i) make a study of the use of prepositions and employment cases governed by them at a later stage of the Latin system; (ii) analyze the modern Brazilian pattern of language from the state of São Paulo, considering the positioning of prepositions, emphasizing its erasing related with some functions; and (iii) make a relation between... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck / Coorientador: João Batista Toledo Prado / Banca: Bruno Vinícius Gonçalves Vieira / Banca: Verena Kewitz / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-05-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tannihao_kc_me_arafcl.pdf: 931190 bytes, checksum: 34b6bca190cbfbb9ef60cfb695d08a33 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Partindo da concepção de que as línguas não constituem realidades estáticas, a presente pesquisa trabalha com duas sincronias linguísticas, focalizando as mudanças morfossintáticas sofridas pelo sistema das preposições, de forma a identificar convergências entre essas variedades linguísticas. A primeira sincronia é um estágio do processo de evolução do sistema latino. Para isso, é utilizada a coleção de documentos e textos medievais intitulada Portugaliae Monumenta Historica, que datam do século VIII ao século XV. A coleção consta de quatro partes, das quais se trabalha com uma amostragem dos fascículos 1, 3 e 5 da parte intitulada Leges et Consuetudines. O material estudado abrange as cartas constitutivas dos municípios, ou forais, e foi publicado entre 1856-1868. Nessa sincronia, as preposições analisadas são: ad, cum, de e in. Para a outra sincronia, trabalha-se com um córpus de redações escritas por estudantes que estejam concluindo ou que tenham concluído o ensino médio na rede paulista de ensino, especificamente nas cidades de Ribeirão Preto, Rio Claro e Itirapina. Para o estudo dessa sincronia, as preposições analisadas são: a, com, de, em, para e por, que constituem as preposições mais gramaticalizadas no português. Considera-se que há diglossia nas duas sincronias: na primeira, por haver uma língua usada na fala e outra na escrita; e, na segunda, por haver uma variedade falada e outra escrita; ou seja, são utilizadas variedades diferentes, sendo que a forma representada pela escrita das duas sincronias é aprendida com a educação formal. Os objetivos do trabalho são: (i) fazer um estudo do uso do emprego das preposições e dos casos regidos por elas em um estágio tardio do sistema latino; (ii) analisar o português paulista moderno, considerando o comportamento das preposições, dando ênfase a seu apagamento em determinadas funções... / Leading from the idea that the languages are not static realities, this research works two linguistic synchronies, focusing the morphosyntatic changes made by the system of prepositions, in order to identify similarities among these linguistic varieties. The first synchrony is a process phase of evolution for the Latin system. Therefore, it is used the collection of documents and medieval texts that is called Portugaliae Monumenta Historica, dating from the eighth to the fifteenth century. The collection consists in four parts, of which are together worked with a sampling of issues 1, 3 and 5 of the part called Leges et Consuetudines. The studied material includes the charters of cities, and it was published in 1856-1868. In this study, the analyzed prepositions are: ad, cum, de and in. To synchrony the other one, is used a corpus of essays written by students who are completing or have completed high school in the São Paulo network of education, specifically in the cities of Ribeirão Preto, Rio Claro and Itirapina. To study this synchrony, the analyzed prepositions are: a, com, de, em, para e por, which constitute the most grammaticalized prepositions in Portuguese. It is considered that there is a diglossia in the two synchronies: first, because there is one language used in speaking while there’s another used in writing; and second, because there is a variety spoken and another variety written; that is, different varieties are used, and the shape represented by the writing of two synchronies is learned through formal education. The study aims to: (i) make a study of the use of prepositions and employment cases governed by them at a later stage of the Latin system; (ii) analyze the modern Brazilian pattern of language from the state of São Paulo, considering the positioning of prepositions, emphasizing its erasing related with some functions; and (iii) make a relation between... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:34:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo453_1.pdf: 1679874 bytes, checksum: aad2f005bf57187bf60005d78230ecb1 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este trabalho pretende realizar uma análise dos procedimentos etnoficcionais presentes na obra de quatro grandes escritores da narrativa peruana contemporânea: José María Arguedas, Julio Ramón Ribeyro, Cesar Calvo e Mario Vargas Llosa. A partir do paradigma da diglossia (LIENHARD, 1994), acredita-se avaliar com maior clareza o que se define por etnoficção latino-americana (LIENHARD, 1992), no intuito de identificar como se manifestam as ressonâncias de uma voz indígena no campo de tensões que se estabelece nas malhas dessas escrituras. Nesse sentido, vamos observar uma contraposição de códigos culturais e lingüísticos historicamente opostos desde a Conquista (MELIÀ, 1998), fundamento de uma relação assimétrica entre as distintas práticas textuais desenvolvidas pelos povos no continente. As possíveis ressonâncias desta Outra voz no domínio da escritura vêm suscitar, assim, uma antiga discussão sobre os encontros e desencontros entre a escrita e a oralidade na esfera da criação literária (CORNEJO POLAR, 2000)

Cette thèse est une étude de terrain portant sur la diglossie et la production langagière de l’arabe.Depuis l’article de Ferguson (1959), de nombreux travaux sont apparus, très souvent pour critiquer la vision dichotomique proposée par cet auteur.Après avoir retracé l’histoire de la langue arabe de ses origines à nos jours, nous avons étudié les travaux réalisés par les arabophones sur leur langue. Les linguistes arabophones, de l’époque médiévale jusqu’à la Naḥda, ont-Ils été conscients de la situation diglossique ? Partant de cette étude, nous avons voulu démontrer à travers deux corpus, l’un écrit, l’autre oral, l’étendue de l’influence de la variété basse (dialectale) sur la variété haute (littérale) dans la production langagière de la langue arabe. Dans cette perspective, nous avons utilisé des copies d’étudiants de différents niveaux, débutants, intermédiaires et avancés. Pour l’étude de l’oral, nous nous sommes appuyés sur un corpus médiatique.Peut-On faire usage d’une variété sans subir l’interférence de la seconde ? Telle est la question à laquelle nous tentons de répondre dans cette thèse. / This thesis is a field study on diglossia and Arabic language production. Since the article by Ferguson (1959), numerous studies have appeared, often criticizing the dichotomous vision proposed by this author.After tracing the history of the Arabic language from its origins to the present day, we have studied the works of Arabic-Speakers on their language. From medieval times until the Naḥda, were Arabic-Speaking linguists aware of the diglossic situation?Using this historical perspective as a point of departure, we wanted to demonstrate the extent of the influence of the low variety (vernacular) on the high variety (literary) in Arabic language production through two sets of language production, one written and one oral. With this in mind, we used exam papers of students of different levels: beginner, intermediate and advanced. For the study of the oral, we relied on a television extract.Can we make use of one variety without being subjected to interference from the second? This is the question that we attempt to address in this thesis.

La cohabitation du créole et du français est décrite ici dans un cadre interlectal et dans une épistémologie de la complexité. En assumant l'implication du chercheur dans son objet d'étude, jamais la posture du militant n'est adoptée afin d'écarter toute surenchère idéologique. Les corpus récoltés auprès de locuteurs réunionnais variés sont traités dans leur globalité, comme dans leurs constituants, refusant d'isoler ou de rejeter le moindre élément qui pourrait contrarier les hypothèses. Des formes syntaxiques particulières, différentes de celles des adultes, se réalisent chez de jeunes locuteurs en situation d'apprentissage ou lors de leur phase d'acquisition du langage, ce qui permettrait de mettre en relief des énoncés qui seraient proches des mécanismes de l'interlangue. L'économie d'une approche glottopolitique complexe a été rejetée. À partir des années 1960, et jusqu'à aujourd'hui, de fortes revendications linguistiques sont portées par des intellectuels et des artistes de talent. Depuis l'époque des premiers travaux universitaires en créolistique, les scientifiques font des propositions d'interventions pédagogiques qui accorderaient une place au créole dans les apprentissages. Pourtant, le monde politique ne s'est pas encore emparé de cette question, la laissant ainsi aux mains de forces glottopolitiques autres, autour de la question de la graphie, de la littérature et de l'école. Nous sommes allé jusqu'à proposer les grandes lignes de ce que pourrait être une didactique du plurilinguisme réunionnais. / The cohabitation of Creole and French is described here in an interlectal framework and in an epistemology of complexity. Assuming the researcher's involvement in his study, the militant's inclination is never adopted so as to brush aside any ideological excess. The corpuses gathered from local native speakers are treated in their entirety, as in their constituents, refusing to set apart or to reject the least element that could act against the hypothesis. Specific syntactic forms, different from the grown ups', are created among young local speakers while learning or through their language acquisition, which would allow to bring out utterances close to interlingual mechanisms. A complex glottopolitical approach hasn't been ruled out. From the 1960s and until today strong linguistic demands have been brought forward by intellectuals and talented artists. From the time of the first academic researches in creolistics, scientists have been suggesting educational interventions that would grant room to creole in language learning. However, politicians haven't tackled this question yet, thus leaving it in the hands of other glottopolitical forces focusing on spelling, literature and school. We've been up to suggesting the broad outline of what could be a teaching of reunionese plurilingualism.