The present study aims to investigate how different refugee groups are portrayed in the Swedish news media. The study uses critical discourse analysis as a methodological and theoretical framework to analyze Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter's representation of Syrian and Ukrainian refugees in their editorials. Using Fairclough's three-dimensional model as a tool, the study has analyzed the language used in the articles through text, discourse, and socio-cultural practice. The focus of the study lies in analyzing the texts, but it also brings discussions about how the first dimension (text) affects the second (discursive practice) and third (sociocultural practice). The study's results suggest that there is a difference in how Syrian and Ukrainian refugees are portrayed in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter. The results show that Syrian refugees are portrayed as a burden to a greater extent than Ukrainian refugees. Furthermore, the analysis of discursive practice indicates that the representation of both refugee groups is consistent with the refugee policy discourse of the respective period. Finally, socio-cultural practice shows that differences in language and categorization regarding refugee groups can contribute to the creation of "we" and "them" even between refugee groups. / Föreliggande studie syftar till att undersöka hur olika flyktinggrupper framställs i svensk nyhetsmedia. Studien använder kritisk diskursanalys som metodiskt och teoretiskt ramverk för att analysera Aftonbladets och Dagens Nyheters representation av syriska och ukrainska flyktingar i sina ledarartiklar. Med Faircloughs tredimensionella modell som verktyg har studien analyserat språkbruk genom text, diskurs och sociokulturell praktik. Studiens fokus ligger på att analysera texterna, men den tillför även diskussioner kring hur den första dimensionen (text) påverkar den andra (diskursiv praktik) och tredje (sociokulturell praktik).  Studiens resultat antyder att det finns en skillnad i hur syriska och ukrainska flyktingar porträtteras i Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter. Resultaten påvisar att syriska flyktingar framställs som en belastning i högre utsträckning än ukrainska flyktingar. Vidare indikerar analysen av diskursiv praktik att framställningen av båda flyktinggrupper överensstämmer med den flyktingpolitiska diskursen för respektive period. Slutligen, visar den sociokulturella praktiken att skillnader i språk och kategoriseringar gällande flyktinggrupper kan bidra till skapandet av “vi” och “dem”  även mellan flyktinggrupper.

This paper examines how three prominent news outlets in the United States: specifically CNN, Reuters and Fox News, depict the death of Mahsa Amini in Iran and the protests that would follow. The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not political ideology affects news reporting done by these online news outlets. Subsequently, the aim is to determine how that news reporting affects readers and in turn, influences public opinion and cultural ideology. This is done by employing Fairclough’s three-dimensional model, a framework used in critical discourse analysis to examine three dimensions within communicative events. To complete this analysis, historical context, political context, and the news genres’ limitations and expectations are taken into account. This paper finds that political ideology does impact the production of news headlines in terms of lexical choices made both to emphasize the focal point of different news sources, as well as where they stem from and what narrative they enforce. Finally, empirical evidence to support these claims is presented and interpreted.

Two-dimensional (2-D) models of electrical resistivity are improved by jointly inverting radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) and direct-current resistivity (DCR) data or by allowing for displacement currents in the inversion of RMT data collected on highly resistive bedrock. Uniqueness and stability of the 2-D models are assessed with a model variance and resolution analysis that allows for the non-linearity of the inverse problem. Model variance and resolution are estimated with a truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) of the sensitivity matrix. In the computation of model errors, inverse singular values are replaced by non-linear semi-axes and the number of included eigenvectors is increased until a given error threshold is reached. Non-linear error estimates are verified with most-squares inversions. For the obtained truncation levels, model resolution matrices are computed. For RMT data, non-linear error appraisals are smaller than linearized ones. Hence, the consideration of the non-linearity in RMT data leads to reduced model errors or enhanced model resolution. The dielectric effect on RMT data is investigated with a new 2-D forward and inverse code that allows for displacement currents. As compared to the quasi-static approximation, apparent resistivities and phases of the impedance tensor elements are found to be significantly smaller and the vertical magnetic transfer function exhibits more distinct sign reversals. More reliable models of electrical resistivity are obtained from areas with highly resistive bedrock, if displacement currents are allowed for. In contrast, inversions with a quasi-static scheme introduce artefactual structures with extremely low or high resistivities. A smoothness-constrained 2-D joint inversion of RMT and DCR data is presented. The non-linear model variance and resolution analysis is applied to single and joint inverse models. For DCR data, the errors estimated by most-squares inversions are consistently larger than those estimated by the non-linear semi-axes, indicating that DCR models are poorly resolved. Certain areas of the joint inverse models are better resolved than in the single inverse models.

在科技發達的現今，而企業間的經營競爭也愈來愈激烈，企業需要有一套績效評估的標準以知道本身是否有成長？是否有利潤產生？是否具有競爭力？然而在現今的資訊時代中，大部分的企業所採用的企業績效評估的標準仍以傳統的財務會計模式為主，然而財務面只是企業經營成果的最後衡量，而哪些因素是影響、導致最後在財務面的成果展現則是非常重要且需要去探討的。 Kaplan & Norton所提出的平衡計分卡(The Balanced Scorecard; BSC)能幫助企業達成願景，滿足股東的期望。平衡計分卡(BSC)包括四個構面(財務、顧客、內部流程、學習與成長)，強調企業最後的營運績效(利潤)不僅只來自於財務報表的資料成果，還包括其它層面(如顧客、內部流程、學習與成長)所間接產生的因果關係所造成的影響。 另一方面，企業的資訊系統(IS)可以產生有用的資訊以提供給高階主管決策之用，幫助調整企業的策略目標與願景，可反應出企業策略的制定有無妥善。然而，傳統的資訊系統(IS)卻無法即時有效地提供資訊；因此，就應利用多維度模式(Multi-Dimensional Model)的資料結構來找出所追求的關鍵性資訊以供作決策。 在資訊時代中，對於如何幫助企業發展一個平衡計分卡(BSC)，使企業根據策略目標與願景獲取競爭優勢以達到永續經營；而以多維度模型(Multi-Dimensional Model)所建構的資訊系統，可反應出經過分析後所得到的資訊是否可以支援(Support)企業在平衡計分卡(BSC)中所設計的策略性指標(Indicators)。 根據以上所述，本研究針對製造業中的一家製帽公司進行研究，探討企業是否能夠建立平衡計分卡(BSC)系統？同時，探討企業的資訊系統(IS)對於平衡計分卡(BSC)的支援情況如何？以及從一般的資訊系統建立平衡計分卡(BSC)的困難處在哪？最後，要探討的是如何利用資料結構(多維度模型)去支援(Support)平衡計分卡(BSC)？ 研究所得結論可歸納為，受訪的個案公司能夠接受平衡計分卡(BSC)的觀念；然而平衡計分卡(BSC)的實施有賴於各層面因果關係的建立；若要達到各層面因果關係的建立，則企業需要有以流程為主的整合資訊系統；而受訪個案公司的傳統資訊系統不易支援平衡計分卡(BSC)；若企業沒有良好的資料模型就無法支援平衡計分卡(BSC)；而平衡計分卡(BSC)需要以多維度模型(Multi-Dimensional Model)來支援。

This thesis presents two interrelated studies that consider nutrient management and seasonal changes in recharge on agricultural lands within the context of source water protection. The research focuses first on the management of the risk to groundwater quality through the implementation of various nutrient management practices and secondly considers the dynamic nature of the transport pathway to the groundwater system associated with seasonal changes in climate and hydrology. The combined results provide insight into several of the key factors influencing the protection of groundwater sources within the agricultural landscape. Field work was completed between 2009 and 2010 on an agricultural field near the City of Woodstock, Ontario. The site is located within a source water protection area; the two-year travel time zone of the Thornton Well Field which represents the primary water supply for the City of Woodstock and which has experienced chronic increases in nitrate concentrations over the last few decades. The wells are completed in glacial overburden consisting of intermingling sand and gravel till aquifers which overly a limestone bedrock aquifer. Agricultural best or beneficial management practices (BMPs) field have been implemented and monitored since 2004. The BMPs were adopted in order to reduce nitrogen losses to the aquifer, and consisted of a reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application rates over a series of agricultural fields located near the well The first study is a one year experiment designed to compare alternative nutrient management practices for corn. Combinations of fertilizer treatments with or without a legume cover crop (red clover) were assessed. The fertilizer treatments studied were: a polymer coated urea (slow-release fertilizer) applied at planting, a conventional urea applied at planting, side-dress treatment of a solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water containing 28% nitrogen with two different application rates applied in the early summer, and a control. The legume cover crop was incorporated in the soil in the previous fall, and acts as a slow release fertilizer as nitrogen is made available to the following crop as the plants decompose. Treatments were compared based on crop yield, overall economic return, and the potential for nitrate leaching. The potential for nitrate leaching was evaluated with bi-weekly shallow soil core during the growing season, and deep soil cores taken before planting, after harvest and the following spring. The deep cores allowed changes in nitrate storage below the rooting zone to be assessed. The results of this study highlight the importance of timing of fertilizer applications and rate of fertilizer applications. Treatments which provide a delay in the release or application of fertilizer, the polymer-coated urea, the calculator-rate side-dress and the clover cover crop, were found to be advantageous. The polymer-coated urea treatments and side-dress treatments were found to reduce leaching compared to the conventional urea treatment. Treatments with the clover cover crops were not found to reduce crop yields or increase leaching potential, and lower fertilizer costs associated to this practice were found to have a positive economic effect. Plots treated with the high-rate side-dress fertilizer application lost more nitrate to the subsurface compared to the other treatment options, and an economic disadvantage was observed as yields did not compensate for higher fertilizer costs. The study highlights the advantages of the different treatments under study, which may be used to inform policy makers and farmers in the selection of economically and environmentally sustainable nutrient management BMP options. Groundwater monitoring at the site over the years has indentified interesting recharge dynamics, particularly in the vicinity of an ephemeral stream which develops annually during spring and winter melt events in a low lying area of the study site. It was hypothesized that rapid recharge could occur beneath the stream allowing for surface water to quickly reach groundwater, posing a threat to municipal water wells. The current framework of source water protection does not take into account the potential risk posed by this type recharge event. At this field site, rapid infiltration associated with this type of event may pose a risk to drinking water quality due to the proximity of the stream to the pumping wells and the nature of the aquifer. The second study examines rapid groundwater recharge processes beneath the ephemeral stream during the course of a spring melt in 2010. The goals of the study were to quantify recharge at one location beneath the stream and to assess whether temperature variations above the water table can be used as a tracer to reasonably estimate recharge during a short live recharge event. A novel housing for the temperature sensors was designed in order to deploy and position them into gravelly materials within the vadose zone, which reduced the potential for the formation of preferential pathways and permitted the retrieval of the sensors at a later date. Field data were collected during the course of the spring melt period from a network of groundwater monitoring wells and subsurface temperature sensors. Spatial and temporal changes in groundwater geochemistry, hydraulic head and temperature were were used to characterize recharge dynamics at the field site. Recharge beneath a segment of the ephemeral stream was quantified through the numerical analysis of the field data using Hydrus 1-D, a one-dimensional numerical model designed to simulate soil water flow and heat transport in variably saturated porous media. Site specific data were used to create the model domain, provide estimates of physical parameters, and to define initial and time variable boundary conditions. Model parameters were first calibrated by simulating periods where it was expected that soils would be gravity drained with minimal soil water flow, and then further refined by simulating the period when the ephemeral stream was present. A final set of parameters was determined, and the initial gravity drained conditions were re-simulated. The model was able to reproduce field observations under different flow scenarios using the final set of parameters, suggesting that the conceptual model and final model domain representative of the actual field conditions. The successful simulation of the field data sets under the different flow scenarios also increases confidence in the uniqueness of the model results. The model estimated that 0.15 m of recharge occurred beneath the instrumented site during the period between March 9th and March 22nd of 2010 when the ephemeral stream was present. This represents approximately a third of the expected total annual recharge for this location. Regional changes in hydraulic head, groundwater temperature and groundwater chemistry provided additional insight into the dynamic nature of the recharge process during the spring meld period and further illustrated the spatial variability of the aquifers’ response to the stream. The study found that the use of temperature as a tracer provided useful and quantifiable insight into recharge phenomena. The results of this study suggest that high rates of rapid recharge occur beneath the ephemeral stream, and are spatially variable. This type of focused infiltration that occurs during the spring melt may represent a risk to municipal water quality if the infiltrating waters are carrying contaminants.

This thesis presents two interrelated studies that consider nutrient management and seasonal changes in recharge on agricultural lands within the context of source water protection. The research focuses first on the management of the risk to groundwater quality through the implementation of various nutrient management practices and secondly considers the dynamic nature of the transport pathway to the groundwater system associated with seasonal changes in climate and hydrology. The combined results provide insight into several of the key factors influencing the protection of groundwater sources within the agricultural landscape. Field work was completed between 2009 and 2010 on an agricultural field near the City of Woodstock, Ontario. The site is located within a source water protection area; the two-year travel time zone of the Thornton Well Field which represents the primary water supply for the City of Woodstock and which has experienced chronic increases in nitrate concentrations over the last few decades. The wells are completed in glacial overburden consisting of intermingling sand and gravel till aquifers which overly a limestone bedrock aquifer. Agricultural best or beneficial management practices (BMPs) field have been implemented and monitored since 2004. The BMPs were adopted in order to reduce nitrogen losses to the aquifer, and consisted of a reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application rates over a series of agricultural fields located near the well The first study is a one year experiment designed to compare alternative nutrient management practices for corn. Combinations of fertilizer treatments with or without a legume cover crop (red clover) were assessed. The fertilizer treatments studied were: a polymer coated urea (slow-release fertilizer) applied at planting, a conventional urea applied at planting, side-dress treatment of a solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water containing 28% nitrogen with two different application rates applied in the early summer, and a control. The legume cover crop was incorporated in the soil in the previous fall, and acts as a slow release fertilizer as nitrogen is made available to the following crop as the plants decompose. Treatments were compared based on crop yield, overall economic return, and the potential for nitrate leaching. The potential for nitrate leaching was evaluated with bi-weekly shallow soil core during the growing season, and deep soil cores taken before planting, after harvest and the following spring. The deep cores allowed changes in nitrate storage below the rooting zone to be assessed. The results of this study highlight the importance of timing of fertilizer applications and rate of fertilizer applications. Treatments which provide a delay in the release or application of fertilizer, the polymer-coated urea, the calculator-rate side-dress and the clover cover crop, were found to be advantageous. The polymer-coated urea treatments and side-dress treatments were found to reduce leaching compared to the conventional urea treatment. Treatments with the clover cover crops were not found to reduce crop yields or increase leaching potential, and lower fertilizer costs associated to this practice were found to have a positive economic effect. Plots treated with the high-rate side-dress fertilizer application lost more nitrate to the subsurface compared to the other treatment options, and an economic disadvantage was observed as yields did not compensate for higher fertilizer costs. The study highlights the advantages of the different treatments under study, which may be used to inform policy makers and farmers in the selection of economically and environmentally sustainable nutrient management BMP options. Groundwater monitoring at the site over the years has indentified interesting recharge dynamics, particularly in the vicinity of an ephemeral stream which develops annually during spring and winter melt events in a low lying area of the study site. It was hypothesized that rapid recharge could occur beneath the stream allowing for surface water to quickly reach groundwater, posing a threat to municipal water wells. The current framework of source water protection does not take into account the potential risk posed by this type recharge event. At this field site, rapid infiltration associated with this type of event may pose a risk to drinking water quality due to the proximity of the stream to the pumping wells and the nature of the aquifer. The second study examines rapid groundwater recharge processes beneath the ephemeral stream during the course of a spring melt in 2010. The goals of the study were to quantify recharge at one location beneath the stream and to assess whether temperature variations above the water table can be used as a tracer to reasonably estimate recharge during a short live recharge event. A novel housing for the temperature sensors was designed in order to deploy and position them into gravelly materials within the vadose zone, which reduced the potential for the formation of preferential pathways and permitted the retrieval of the sensors at a later date. Field data were collected during the course of the spring melt period from a network of groundwater monitoring wells and subsurface temperature sensors. Spatial and temporal changes in groundwater geochemistry, hydraulic head and temperature were were used to characterize recharge dynamics at the field site. Recharge beneath a segment of the ephemeral stream was quantified through the numerical analysis of the field data using Hydrus 1-D, a one-dimensional numerical model designed to simulate soil water flow and heat transport in variably saturated porous media. Site specific data were used to create the model domain, provide estimates of physical parameters, and to define initial and time variable boundary conditions. Model parameters were first calibrated by simulating periods where it was expected that soils would be gravity drained with minimal soil water flow, and then further refined by simulating the period when the ephemeral stream was present. A final set of parameters was determined, and the initial gravity drained conditions were re-simulated. The model was able to reproduce field observations under different flow scenarios using the final set of parameters, suggesting that the conceptual model and final model domain representative of the actual field conditions. The successful simulation of the field data sets under the different flow scenarios also increases confidence in the uniqueness of the model results. The model estimated that 0.15 m of recharge occurred beneath the instrumented site during the period between March 9th and March 22nd of 2010 when the ephemeral stream was present. This represents approximately a third of the expected total annual recharge for this location. Regional changes in hydraulic head, groundwater temperature and groundwater chemistry provided additional insight into the dynamic nature of the recharge process during the spring meld period and further illustrated the spatial variability of the aquifers’ response to the stream. The study found that the use of temperature as a tracer provided useful and quantifiable insight into recharge phenomena. The results of this study suggest that high rates of rapid recharge occur beneath the ephemeral stream, and are spatially variable. This type of focused infiltration that occurs during the spring melt may represent a risk to municipal water quality if the infiltrating waters are carrying contaminants.

This thesis investigates novel algorithms for enabling the use of first-principle electrochemical models for battery monitoring and control in advanced battery management systems (BMSs). Specifically, the fast solution and state estimation of a high-fidelity spatially resolved thermal-electrochemical lithium-ion battery model commonly referred to as the pseudo two-dimensional (P2D) model are investigated. The partial-differential algebraic equations (PDAEs) constituting the model are spatially discretised using Chebyshev orthogonal collocation enabling fast and accurate simulations up to high C-rates. This implementation of the P2D model is then used in combination with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm modified for differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) to estimate the states of the model, e.g. lithium concentrations, overpotential. The state estimation algorithm is able to rapidly recover the model states from current, voltage and temperature measurements. Results show that the error on the state estimate falls below 1% in less than 200s despite a 30% error on battery initial state-of-charge (SoC) and additive measurement noise with 10mV and 0.5°C standard deviations. The parameter accuracy of such first-principle models is of utmost importance for the trustworthy estimation of internal battery electrochemical states. Therefore, the identifiability of the simpler single particle (SP) electrochemical model is investigated both in principle and in practice. Grouping parameters and partially non-dimensionalising the SP model equations in order to understand the maximum expected degrees of freedom in the problem reveals that there are only six unique parameters in the SP model. The structural identifiability is then examined by asking whether the transfer function of the linearised SP model is unique. It is found that the model is unique provided that the electrode open circuit voltage curves have a non-zero gradient, the parameters are ordered, and that the behaviour of the kinetics of each electrode is lumped together into a single parameter which is the charge transfer resistance. The practical estimation of the SP model parameters from frequency-domain experimental data obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is then investigated and shows that estimation at a single SoC is insufficient to obtain satisfactory results and EIS data at multiple SoCs must be combined.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en place une méthodologie et les outils associés en vue d'harmoniser le processus de construction des modèles de performances et de qualités de vol. Pour ce faire, des techniques de réduction de modèles ont été élaborées afin de satisfaire des objectifs industriels contradictoires de taille mémoire, de précision et de temps de calcul. Après avoir établi une méthodologie de construction de modèles réduits et effectué un état de l'art critique, les Réseaux de Neurones et le High Dimensional Model Representation ont été choisis, puis adaptés et validés sur des fonctions de petite dimension. Pour traiter les problèmes de dimension supérieure, une méthode de réduction basée sur la sélection optimale de sous-modèles réduits a été développée, qui permet de satisfaire les exigences de rapidité, de précision et de taille mémoire. L'efficacité de cette méthode a finalement été démontrée sur un modèle de performances des avions destiné à être embarqué. / The objective of this thesis is to provide a methodology and the associated tools in order to standardize the building process of performance and handling quality models. This typically leads to elaborate surrogate models in order to satisfy industrial contrasting objectives of memory size, accuracy and computation time. After listing the different steps of a construction of surrogates methodology and realizing a critical state of the art, Neural Networks and High Dimensional Model Representation methods have been selected and validated on low dimension functions. For functions of higher dimension, a reduction method based on the optimal selection of submodel surrogates has been developed which allows to satisfy the requirements on accuracy, computation time and memory size. The efficiency of this method has been demonstrated on an aircraft performance model which will be embedded into the avionic systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:53:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1223967 bytes, checksum: e7ddc07e077e29ba4df142948034d2a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The constant technological evolution and the globalization phenomena have been aroused organizations to looking for both new ways to deal with the market and the new environmental business. Among these new ways of dealing with the market it is the Business Social Responsibility that is beginning to making part of the policy and companies principles. On this perspective, this study attempts to analyze in a general way how a company in the food sector, located in Ceará state, behaves itself with respect to the Business Social Responsibility principles through the stakeholders perception set who are directly and indirectly involved and have information about the company under analysis. The research was based on three-dimensional Carroll`s model (1979), which seeks to fully understand the essentials aspects of corporative social performance according to the dimensions of the categories of social responsibility (economic, legal, ethical and voluntary), the types of response behavior (reactive, defensive, accommodative and proactive), and the actions areas/company programs (consumption, environment, discrimination, product safety and security in the work). The work is classified as a case study of descriptive-exploratory character that through a qualitative and quantitative approach carried out through fields research, where were applied interviews with a semi-structured guide, evaluated through analysis of the information content, and questionnaires to the internal and external stakeholders that not take part in the company. The data were evaluated by using the STATATM program. The results showed that the internal stakeholders perceive that the company has operations predominantly in the economic responsibility field, especially in the administration and production employees view, indicating that the actions are focused on profit maximization. But, for the managers, stands up the legal responsibility, as well as for the external stakeholders like customers, community and suppliers. Now the consumers and partners emphasized that the company assumes financial and voluntary responsibility respectively, indicating that the company develops social actions that enhance the community quality life in its surroundings. In the behavior and response fields it can be observed in the point of view of three of the five external stakeholders types the predominance of proactive behavior (community, suppliers and partners), but for customers and consumers the company has accommodative behavior. For the internal stakeholders predominated the feeling that the activities are having developed as a means to obey the requirements, being, therefore, defensive. In relation to the actions/programs, it is perceived that was unanimous between all internal and external stakeholders, that for this company the product security is the basis of its performance in the food market. In a general way, the application of the methodology proposed by Carroll (1979) allowed to concluded that in the stakeholders perception the company do not have structured policies of RSE acting in a punctual manner through an Educational Institute, which develops activities specifically for capacity building. / A constante evolução tecnológica e a globalização têm despertado as organizações para uma procura intensa por novas formas de lidar com o mercado e com a nova conjuntura empresarial. Dentre essas novas formas de lidar com o mercado está a Responsabilidade Social Empresarial que está começando a fazer parte da política e dos princípios das empresas. Sobre essa perspectiva, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar como uma empresa do setor alimentício, localizada no estado do Ceará, se comporta quanto aos princípios da Responsabilidade Social Empresarial por meio da percepção do conjunto de stakeholders que direta e indiretamente estejam envolvidos e que possuam informações sobre a empresa em análise. A pesquisa baseou-se no modelo tridimensional de Carroll (1979), que busca compreender de forma integral os aspectos essenciais da performance social corporativa de acordo com as dimensões de categorias de Responsabilidade Social (econômica, legal, ética e voluntária); os tipos de comportamento de resposta (reativa, defensiva, acomodativa e pró-ativa); e as áreas de ações/programas da empresa (consumo, meio ambiente, discriminação, segurança do produto e segurança no trabalho). O trabalho classifica-se como estudo de caso de caráter descritivo-exploratório que por meio de uma abordagem quali-quantitativa realizada através de pesquisas de campo, aplicou-se entrevista com roteiro semi-estruturado, avaliadas através de análise de conteúdo das informações, e questionários a stakeholders internos e externos à empresa, analisados por meio do programa STATATM. Os resultados apontaram que os stakeholders internos vêem que a empresa possui atuação predominantemente no campo de responsabilidade econômica, principalmente na visão dos funcionários da administração e produção, evidenciando que as ações se voltam para a maximização de lucros. Mas para os gestores sobressai-se a responsabilidade legal, assim como também os stakeholders externos do tipo clientes, comunidade e fornecedores. Já os consumidores e parceiros salientam que a empresa assume responsabilidade econômica e voluntária respectivamente, denotando que a empresa desenvolve ações sociais que elevam a qualidade de vida da comunidade que fica ao seu entorno. No campo de comportamentos e respostas pode-se observar na visão de três dos cinco tipos de stakeholders externos a predominância de comportamento pró-ativo (comunidade, fornecedores e parceiros), mas para clientes e consumidores a empresa possui comportamento acomodativo. Para os stakeholders internos predominou que as atividades se desenvolvem como meio de obedecer às exigências, sendo, portanto, defensivo. Em relação às ações/programas, percebe-se que foi unânime entre todos os stakeholders internos e externos, que para essa empresa, a segurança do produto é a base de sua atuação no mercado de alimentos. De modo geral, a aplicação da metodologia de Carroll (1979) permitiu concluir que na percepção dos stakeholders a empresa não possui políticas estruturadas de RSE, atuando de forma pontual por meio de um Instituto Educacional, o qual desenvolve atividades especificamente de formação profissional.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2015-10-22T19:24:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Roger Otávio Pires Montes - 2015.pdf: 8169771 bytes, checksum: e580ffb280dfa5136f41ab38cf0aec4e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-23T11:04:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Roger Otávio Pires Montes - 2015.pdf: 8169771 bytes, checksum: e580ffb280dfa5136f41ab38cf0aec4e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-23T11:04:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Roger Otávio Pires Montes - 2015.pdf: 8169771 bytes, checksum: e580ffb280dfa5136f41ab38cf0aec4e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-25 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This master’s thesis analyses the free and forced nonlinear vibrations of a simply supported functionally graded cylindrical shell which the material’s properties are described by gradient’s law along the shell’s thickness. The nonlinear equations of motion are obtained using nonlinear theories Donnell and Sanders, where the field displacements and field strain of nonlinear Donnell’s shallow shell theory is obtained as a simplification of the nonlinear Sanders’s formulation. The effects of the internal fluid, that is incompressible, irrotational and inviscid and it has been described as a potential velocity to consider the fluid-structure interaction, and the influence of a thermal field in the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the functionally graded cylindrical shell will be investigated. It is developed a low-dimensional model, wherein the shell of the system equilibrium equations is solved by an analytical procedure, which yields the longitudinal and circumferential displacement field as a function of transverse displacement, satisfying the boundary conditions problem. The determination of transverse displacement is obtained by the perturbation techiniques, which enables the achievement of the main nonlinear modes that should be present in the displacement fields of the functionally grade cylindrical shell. To analyze the nonlinear free vibration, it is applied the Galerkin-Urabe method to obtain the system of non-linear algebraic equations, and then resolved by the Newton-Raphson method. The results show the influence of functional gradation, geometry, the effect of the internal fluid, considering a fluid-filled shell, and the thermal action of the nonlinear free vibrations of the shell by the frequency-amplitude relations. Finally, a parametric analysis to study the nonlinear forced vibrations of the cylindrical shell subjected to a harmonic loading side for some geometric relations is conducted. In this case the system of ordinary differential equations of second order in time is obtained from the application of the Galerkin method and integrated over time from the Runge-Kutta fourth order method. The results evaluates the influence of the internal fluid and the thermal effects in the nonlinear oscillation of functionally graded cylindrical shell, using the resonances’ curves, the basins’ attraction, time responses and the phase portraits. / Nesta dissertação são analisadas as vibrações, livres e forçadas, não lineares de uma casca cilíndrica simplesmente apoiada feita com um material com gradação funcional, que as propriedades dos materiais constituintes são descritas por determinadas leis de gradação ao longo da espessura. As equações não lineares de movimento são obtidas utilizando-se as teorias não lineares de Donnell e de Sanders, sendo que os campos de deslocamentos e as deformações referentes à teoria não linear de Donnell para cascas abatidas podem ser obtidos como uma simplificação da formulação não linear de Sanders. Serão investigados os efeitos da presença de um fluido interno, incompressível, não viscoso e irrotacional, sendo descrito a partir de um potencial de velocidade, considerando a interação fluido-estrutura, além da influência de um campo térmico no comportamento dinâmico não linear da casca cilíndrica com gradação funcional. É desenvolvido um modelo de baixa dimensão, em que o sistema de equações de equilíbrio da casca é resolvido através de um procedimento analítico, o qual permite obter os campos de deslocamento axial e circunferencial em função dos deslocamentos transversais, além de atender as condições de contorno do problema. A determinação dos deslocamentos transversais é feita a partir do método da perturbação, o qual possibilita a obtenção dos principais modos não lineares que devem estar presentes nos campos de deslocamentos da casca cilíndrica. Para analisar as vibrações livres não lineares, aplica-se o método de Galerkin-Urabe para se obter o sistema de equações algébricas não lineares, sendo, em seguida, resolvido a partir do método de Newton-Raphson. Os resultados mostram a influência da gradação funcional, da geometria, do efeito do fluido interno, considerando uma casca totalmente preenchida, e da ação térmica nas vibrações livres não lineares da casca por meio das relações frequência-amplitude. Por fim, é feita uma análise paramétrica das vibrações forçadas não lineares da casca cilíndrica submetida a um carregamento lateral harmônico para algumas relações geométricas. Neste caso o sistema de equações diferenciais ordinárias de segunda ordem no tempo é obtido a partir da aplicação do método de Galerkin e integrado ao longo do tempo a partir do método de Runge-Kutta de quarta ordem. Da mesma forma avalia-se a influência do fluido interno e dos efeitos térmicos nas oscilações não lineares da casca cilíndrica com gradação funcional, utilizando-se as curvas de ressonância, as bacias de atração, as respostas no tempo e os planos fase.