The aim of this study was to investigate how family law caseworkers in Sweden handle the mediation process in child custody disputes. Three themes were emphasized: the child’s best interest, strategies to maintain the child’s best interest and family conflicts and high-conflict families. To get an understanding of how these themes relate to child custody disputes, I conducted semi-structured interviews with family law caseworkers, since working with custody cases is part of their daily work. I chose a qualitative method because I was striving for diverse and comprehensive responses about family caseworkers’ practical experience in dealing with custody disputes. When asked about the definition of the child’s best interest, all respondents agreed that it is an open concept, implying that the definition depends on the specific circumstances surrounding the case. Generally, the respondents were of the opinion that the child’s best interest is synonymous with joint custody. The respondents stated that they employ different strategies to ensure that the child’s best interest is maintained, which is a result of their relatively high discretion. They stressed that while their primary focus is on dialogue with the parents, they use child testimonies as an additional guidance when determining what constitutes the child’s best in the case at hand. However, they also pointed out that a child’s wishes do not always coincide with the child’s best interest. When it comes to high-conflict families, the respondents concluded that the term has not been established in practice, although the problems associated with such families were recognized. After I presented the formal definition outlined in American research, the respondents agreed that the definition is useful in practice.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Dispute Settlement in the WTO Veronika Honzíková Abstract The WTO dispute settlement represents a significant improvement compared to the dispute settlement system under GATT 1947, but is still considered as his successor. The mechanism under GATT 1947 had many weaknesses which resulted to the need of reform. The procedure under GATT 1947 was not contradictory and all members of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) were entitled to use the veto right when adopting the reports. The contracting parties were conscious of such weaknesses and they have agreed on a new dispute settlement system during the Uruguay round. The Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) is part of the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. The new system remains inter-state mechanism and as a consequence, available only to the Member States, excluding individuals and business operators. The dispute settlement under WTO has become compulsory while leaving each member the choice between this standard procedure and other dispute modes, such as Good Offices, Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration. The dispute settlement system has been unified and has become more judicial. It excludes national jurisdictions and means strengthening the multilateralism. The dispute settlement is administrated by the Dispute Settlement Body,...

L'objet de cette thèse est de vérifier quelle est la place octroyée à la protection de l'environnement dans le Mercosur. Le développement de la matière environnementale jusqu'à présent dans le cadre juridique du Mercosur permet-il de parler d'un véritable système régional de protection environnementale en voie de consolidation? Pour répondre à ces questions, il est d´abord nécessaire d'identifier les règles de protection de l'environnement dans ce système juridique du Mercosur, pour ensuite analyser la relation entre les règles de libre échange et celles qui s'attachent à la protection de l´environnement (Première partie). Une fois ces règles environnementales identifiées, il conviendra de s'interroger sur leur mise en œuvre et leur effectivité (Deuxième partie) / The purpose of this thesis is to verify what is the place granted to environment protection in the Mercosur. Does the development of environmental issues in the Mercosur allow us to speak of a regional system for environmental protection that is being strengthened? To answer these questions it is first necessary to identify the rules of environmental protection in the Mercosur's legal system in order to understand their relationship with its free trade rules (part I).It will be then necessary to analyse their implementation and effectiveness (Part Two)

Resolving investment disputes from the perspective of case-law of international arbitration courts The purpose of my thesis is to analyse resolution of investment disputes from the perspective of international arbitration courts' case-law. The reason for my analysis is recent increase of importance for investment disputes resolution in front of international arbitration courts. The thesis is composed of four chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the topic. First chapter is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis, such as investment, investment disputes, difference between investment dispute and commercial dispute. Second chapter examines relevant Czech and Slovak treaties on the protection of investments concluded with another states. The chapter deals with both bilateral and multilateral investment treaties. In this chapter there are also two charts with the overview of most used forums for investment disputes resolutions from Czech and Slovak bilateral investment treaties. Third chapter is subdivided into two parts, the general part, and specific part with the case-law of European Court of Justice. This chapter is called European Union and protection of investments. It includes also the most recent progress in European rulemaking, regarding the common investment...

A Lei n° 9.433/1997 que institui a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH) congrega as principais diretrizes de planejamento do uso da água a partir da incorporação de importantes Princípios como o do gerenciamento integrado dos recursos hídricos, gestão participativa, integralidade da bacia hidrográfica como interconexão de sistemas de águas superficiais e subterrâneas para gestão interna, resolução pacífica de conflitos, dentre outros. No contexto transfronteiriço, os contornos da cooperação podem ser tanto um instrumento facilitador como complicador das políticas hídricas a serem executadas, uma vez que à luz do Direito Internacional, as intervenções no território de um Estado devem seguir os Princípios da não intervenção, independência e soberania o que demanda uma política de coordenação internacional entre eles. Para estabelecer os contornos internacionais a respeito do que se pretende acerca de recursos naturais transfronteiriços, é usual o surgimento de regimes específicos, com tratado próprio, muitas vezes excetuado do regramento geral internacional. A fim de analisar o quadro jurídico aplicável no contexto hídrico transfronteiriço amazônico a presente tese parte do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro em matéria de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos e aplica, a partir da dimensão internacional, três esferas de análise dos Princípios da troca de informações e estudos prospectivos, solução pacífica dos conflitos, e da participação pública, nas seguintes perspectivas: 1. multilateral, no âmbito da OTCA; 2. bilateral/trilateral, na formação de instâncias ad hoc para a solução de conflitos; 3. local, na formação de Comitês de bacia internacional. / The Brazilian statute n. 9.433/1997 institutes the National Policy of Water Courses, which contains the most important parameters to set policies in this regard and is widely based on international principles, such as the principles of the integrated management of transboundary basins, integrality of the basins, interconnection between ground and surface water, as well as the peaceful settlement of disputes. Transboundary situations may foster or obtrude cooperation to set and execute water policies, since, accordingly to the international law, a state are not allowed to intervene in the territory of other states, because they are independent and sovereign. The only way to harmonize policies is international cooperation. In order to establish the international limits to the use of natural transboundary resources some international regimes usually arouse and are, sometimes, established by treaties which differ from general international law. Aiming to analyze the legal framework applicable to the Amazon transboundary waters, this thesis starts with a study of the Brazilian legal system regarding water resources management and employs, departing from an international perspective, three levels of analysis of principles that refer to exchange of information, prospective studies, peaceful settlement of disputes, and public participation, from the following perspectives: 1. multilateral, under the ACTO regime 2. Bi- and trilateral, when ad hoc instances are created to settle the disputes 3. Local, through the creation of International Basin Committees

Submitted by Luciana Farias (admiacs2@vm.uff.br) on 2017-07-14T19:19:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_michelle_roxo.pdf: 31524791 bytes, checksum: 3f4831ed2fbc4e9e1a161acbb2d02a9a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jussara Moore (jussaramoore@id.uff.br) on 2017-07-21T12:11:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_michelle_roxo.pdf: 31524791 bytes, checksum: 3f4831ed2fbc4e9e1a161acbb2d02a9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T12:11:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_michelle_roxo.pdf: 31524791 bytes, checksum: 3f4831ed2fbc4e9e1a161acbb2d02a9a (MD5) / FIAM-FAAM Centro Universitário / A tese analisa o trabalho de produção da identidade dos jornalistas brasileiros via sistema universitário de ensino e a tentativa de afirmação de um lugar de fala socialmente distinto para esses atores com base neste processo formativo, evidenciando algumas disputas e tensões que marcam a trajetória dos debates curriculares na área e que se relacionam ao próprio esforço de definição do modelo dos cursos de comunicação... / The thesis analyzes the work of producing the identity of Brazilian journalists via university system of education and attempt to claim a place socially distinct speech for these actors based on this training process, highlighting some disputes and tensions that mark the course of the debates on curricular area and that relate to the actual effort of defining the model of communication courses ..

This thesis argues that a literary change occurred after the fall of the dictatorships of the Southern Cone, characterized by the emergence of markets that provoked a "mini-boom" in sales and, at the same time, a change of aesthetics which abandoned the allegorical models of the post-boom in favor of a realistic literature in dialogue with popular culture. This is the sign of postmodernity and globalization in Latin America, reflected in its literature, particularly in the short story writing of the Southern Cone, which has utilized the parody and pastiche of the postmodern era without the trivialization that occurred in other parts of the world. With the goal of establishing a periodization that is different from that which has always prevailed in Latin American literature, the thesis proposes the term "post-vanguardist realism" to designate the literature of the 1990s and the twenty-first century in the Southern Cone. As is the case in all periods of rupture and new beginnings, polemics and disputes appeared between literary bands. The disputes protagonized by Alberto Fuguet and Jaime Collyer in Chile, experimentalists and "planetarians" in Argentina, and Escanlar and the generation of '45 in Uruguay, reflect this new commercial and aesthetic reality. Despite the emergence of a literature more in tune with popular culture and pastiche, the continental anthologies that unite these authors demonstrate how their projects began to fade away, and showcase the appearance of new voices, who take the lead after 2000 and break with this type of literature, in favor of a less schematic narrative with more intertextual dialogue, without, however, returning to magical realism. Despite local differences in short story writing and the literary traditions of each country, these new voices are united by a common aesthetic, the use of literary genres and themes from the shared history of the Southern Cone, and by the traumatic experiences of dictatorship and globalization.

Le dialogue social a pour but de promouvoir la paix sociale indispensable à tout développement économique. S’il est un passage obligé en matière de prévention et de résolution des conflits sociaux, il est de façon générale aujourd’hui un mode de régulation incontournable dans toutes les sociétés. Au Mali, le dialogue social a connu sous la Troisième République, à partir de la révolution de mars 1991 et avec l’avènement de la démocratie et de l’Etat de droit, un essor remarquable ; celui-ci est allé de pair avec l’éclosion du pluralisme syndical. Quelque peu paradoxalement, aujourd’hui, le développement du dialogue social se heurte précisément à la question de la représentativité. Le fonctionnement de certaines institutions du pays s’en trouve paralyser, tout comme celui de diverses commissions de négociation, ceci dans le secteur privé comme dans le secteur public. Dans un tel contexte, les plus hauts responsables de l’Etat ont eux-mêmes des difficultés pour réunir les acteurs sociaux autour d’une même table. Il apparaît ainsi urgent de déterminer la représentativité essentiellement des organisations syndicales de travailleurs, via l’organisation d’élections professionnelles et le recours à des critères consensuels préalablement définis.Au-delà de la question de la représentativité, il est nécessaire de s’interroger sur les réalités et les enjeux contemporains du dialogue social au Mali. Ceci passe tout d’abord par la réalisation d’un bilan de son encadrement juridique, qu’il s’agisse de droits à l’information, à la consultation ou à la négociation collective au niveau national, sectoriel ou de l’entreprise, ou bien encore des dispositions relatives à la gestion des conflits sociaux. Par ailleurs, il convient d’envisager les conditions d’amélioration du dialogue social au Mali. Ceci conduit d’un part à proposer certaines modifications normatives, d’autre part à réfléchir à sa dynamisation via, notamment, la formation de ses acteurs, l’intervention de tiers facilitateurs, mais aussi l’extension de son périmètre à des questions relatives aux droits sociaux fondamentaux, voire à dimension sociétale. / Social dialogue is intended to promote social peace, a precondition to economic development. It is a prerequisite for prevention and resolution of social conflicts, it is generally today a mode of regulation in all societies. In Mali, social dialogue developed extraordinarily under the third Republic, from the revolution of March 1991 and with the advent of democracy and the rule of law. This went hand in hand with the emergence of pluralism in trade unions. Somewhat paradoxically, today, the development of social dialogue is facing precisely the issue of representativeness. The functioning of some institutions of the country is paralyzed, as well as the functioning of various trading commissions, in both private and public sector. In such a context, the highest state officials themselves are struggling to bring together social actors around the table. Thus, it is urgent to determine essentially representativeness of trade union organizations of workers, through the organization of professional elections and the use of consensual criteria previously defined.Beyond the issue of representativeness, it is necessary to question the realities and contemporary issues of social dialogue in Mali. First of all, this involves taking stock of its legal framework, be its rights to information, consultation or collective bargaining at national, sectoral level of the company, or of the provisions relating to the management of social conflicts. Furthermore, consideration should be given to the conditions leading to improved social dialogue in Mali. On the one hand, this entails proposing normative changes, on the other hand, reflecting on its revitalization through, in particular, its actors, the intervention of third-party facilitator training, but also the extension of its scope to questions relating to fundamental social rights, or even to societal dimension.

<p>This thesis deals with interactional patterns in verbal disputes as portrayed in the written dialogue of Swedish drama over three centuries. The overarching aim is to contribute to research into conflict talk in Swedish dialogue, but also to contribute to historical pragmatics and linguistic stylistics.</p><p>The teoretical and methodological framework combines elements from conversation analysis and theories of communicative events (activity types). A corpus of 30 drama texts, written during the 18^th century, the late 19^th century, and the late 20^th century, was examined for examples of conflict events that are lexically marked as such in the texts (by words such as <i>argument</i>, <i>dispute</i>, <i>quarrel</i> etc.). </p><p>A total of 47 conflict events were identified in 21 of the 30 drama texts. The construction of the beginning of the three most significant types of conflict sequences found within 45 of the 47 events, totalling 111 sequences, is analysed in detail. The three sequence types concern differences in opinion (disagreement sequences), accusations (complaint sequences) and directives (rejection sequences).</p><p>One result of the study is that complaint sequences are shown to be by far the most common conflict pattern in the data. Another result is that few differences are found regarding the construction of the sequences over three centuries. For the most part, it is the same sort of moves that are frequent no matter which period the data stem from. One conclusion is therefore that the conflict patterns in drama dialogue appear to be relatively stable over time.</p><p>The study also deals with the dramatic functions of the conflict patterns (the events, sequence types or moves). Two functions are discussed, namely plot development and characterisation. While all conflict can further the process of characterisation, for example by showing the negotiation of differences in power between the characters, less than half of the events further the plot by having an effect on the disputants or other characters in the drama.</p>