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Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Quartärstruktur des Tumorsuppressors p53 an Mitochondrien zu untersuchen. In vorangegangenen Untersuchungen der Arbeitsgruppe konnte festgestellt werden, dass der transkriptionsunabhängige Apoptoseweg von p53 an den Mitochondrien resistent war gegenüber dominant-negativer Hemmung durch mutiertes p53. Dadurch stellte sich die Frage, welche Mechanismen für diese Resistenz verantwortlich sind. Unter den zahlreichen, denkbaren Möglichkeiten erschienen zwei als wahrscheinlich: a) Der Mechanismus, der p53 nach Stress an die Mitochondrien transloziert, ist spezifisch für Wildtyp-Homotetramer; b) mitochondriales p53 liegt als Monomer vor. Für das experimentelle Vorgehen wurden HCT116 Colon-Adenokarzinomzellen und MCF-7 Mamaadenokarzinomzellen verwendet, die beide einen intakten p53- Apoptoseweg besitzen. Zudem wurden HCT116R175HPuro und HCT116R273HPuro verwendet, um die Eigenschaften von mutiertem p53 an Mitochondrien untersuchen zu können. Aus den Zellen wurden die Mitochondrien isoliert, um dann die mitochondrialen Proteine durch die beiden Crosslinker Bismaleimidohexan (BMH) und Glutaraldehyd (GLD) zu vernetzen. Durch einen Western Blot wurden die Proteine voneinander getrennt und detektiert. In Voruntersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass Wildtyp-p53 im Gesamtzellextrakt von HCT116 Zellen, ebenso wie die p53 Mutanten, sowohl als Monomer als auch als Oligomer vorkommt. Außerdem konnte eine Methode etabliert werden, mit der es möglich war, Oligomere durch eine Vernetzung mit BMH sichtbar zu machen. Um zeigen zu können, dass die Methode für Proteine an Mitochondrien geeignet war, wurden Bax-Oligomere an den Mitochondrien nachgewiesen. Mit der etablierten Methode konnten dann im Gesamtzellextrakt p53-Oligomere und –Monomere nachgewiesen werden, während p53 an den Mitochondrien unter gleichen Bedingungen nur als Monomer vorlag. Um die erhaltenen Ergebnisse zu bestätigen, wurden die Experimente mit einem weiteren Crosslinker (Glutaraldehyd) wiederholt. Auch in diesen Untersuchungen konnte p53 als Monomer an den Mitochondrien nachgewiesen werden. Um zeigen zu können, dass diese vorliegenden Ergebnisse nicht nur für HCT116 Zellen gültig sind, wurden die beschriebenen Untersuchungen in einer weiteren Zelllinie vorgenommen. Die Ergebnisse bewiesen, dass auch in MCF-7 Zellen p53 vorwiegend als Monomer an den Mitochondrien vorkommt.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om stereoseendet på nära håll påverkas genom att skapa en vertikal imbalans inducerad av 1 prismadioptri och således om det kan ge information som kan ligga till grund för glasval vid exempelvis anisometropi i vertikalled. Metod: 30 deltagare mellan 20-31 år, med medelålder 22,9 + 2,12, som uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna undersöktes. Subjektiv refraktion utfördes och en korrektion togs fram för deltagarna. Därefter undersöktes stereoseendet med TNO-test, först med 1 prd inducerad framför det dominanta ögat, därefter med 1 prd inducerad framför det icke-dominanta ögat, och sist med endast full korrektion. Därefter sammanställdes och analyserades resultatet. Resultat: Det hittades inget signifikant förhållande mellan 1 prd inducerad i vertikalled och stereoseende på nära håll, oavsett framför vilket öga vertikalprisma placerades (p>0,05). När två outliers togs bort blev medianen för 1 prd framför dominant öga 90”, med 1 prd framför det icke-dominanta ögat 60” och med full korrektion 60”. Medianvärden och medelrankning visar en trend där stereopsis försämras med 1 prd inducerad i vertikalled, jämfört med full korrektion och störst försämring gavs med 1 prd inducerat framför det dominanta ögat. Slutsats: Studien visar att stereopsis på nära håll inte påverkas av att inducera 1 prd i vertikalled. Däremot kan studien påvisa en trend där stereoseendet påverkas negativt oavsett om vertikalprisma induceras framför det dominanta ögat eller icke-dominanta ögat. Störst försämring på stereopsis gavs när vertikalprisma placerades framför det dominanta ögat. / Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether near-stereopsis is affected by creating a vertical imbalance induced by 1 prism dioptre and whether it can provide information considering glass selection, for example in case of anisometropia in the vertical direction. Method: 30 participants between ages of 20-31, with mean age 22,9 + 2,12, who met the inclusion criteria were examined. Subjective refraction was performed and a correction was produced for the participants. Stereovision was examined with TNO test, first with 1 prd induced in front of the dominant eye, then with 1 prd induced in front of the non-dominant eye, and lastly with only full correction. The results were compiled and analyzed. Result: No significant relationship was found between 1 prd induced in the vertical direction and near stereo vision, regardless of which eye the vertical prism was placed in front of (p>0,05). When two outliers were removed, the median stereopsis for 1 prd in front of the dominant eye was 90”, with 1 prd in front of the non-dominant eye 60” and with full correction 60”. Median values and mean ranking show a trend where stereopsis worsens with 1 prd induced in the vertical direction, compared to full correction, and the greatest deterioration was given with 1 prd induced in front of the dominant eye. Conclusion: The study shows that stereopsis at near is not statistically significantly affected by inducing 1 prd in the vertical direction. However, this study can demonstrate a trend where stereopsis is negatively affected regardless of whether vertical prism is induced in front of the dominant eye or the non-dominant eye. The greatest deterioration in stereopsis occurred when the vertical prism was placed in front of the dominant eye.

The European authorities have taken a crucial step towards sustainable mobility byhighlighting the importance of shared mobility. Carsharing, part of the sharing mobility system, hasbeen kindly adopted by many countries in Europe and North America since it removes nine tothirteen vehicles from the road. Carsharing has been around for almost a century, and its adoptionhas been different in different countries. Despite its popularity, a lower uptake has been in Sweden,where this study investigated the research question: How can P2P carsharing services be designedto overcome the challenges hindering their adoption in Sweden? This study investigated andanalysed the research question using a qualitative research approach by conducting 11 semi-structured interviews involving active and potential users. This study generated three challenges,trust issues, limited supply and user experience. The results of this study contribute to a betterunderstanding of the challenges faced by two perspectives, active and potential users. Last but notleast, the results generated in this study should be seen as an impetus for future research whenexploring and designing future P2P carsharing services.

One neglected yet very important feature of family business is its internal homogeneity. Different from heterogeneity which focuses on differences across family firms, homogeneity here refers to the continuity and similarity of decision-making patterns either over time or across business units in a single family firm. This dissertation attempts to explore homogeneity in family businesses as well as its antecedents and performance consequences. To distinguish different types of homogeneity, strategic persistence is defined as homogeneity of strategic patterns over time and the pursuit of a dominant strategy as the homogeneity across related business units. Based upon S&P 1500 manufacturing firms from 1996 to 2013, it is found that family firms have a higher level of strategic persistence and a more consistent dominant strategy than nonamily firms. In addition, it appears that being older, with less organizational slack and having higher family involvement in ownership and management tends to strengthen the two kinds of homogeneity in family businesses. Finally, it is found that high homogeneity in decision-making can result in better performance in family business compared to nonamily firms, especially for those with high family involvement in management. Theoretical implications and limitations are discussed.

Level of Traffic Stress (LTS) is a four-level system that classifies the stress experienced by cyclists on road segments and at intersections. While LTS has been used in past studies to assess cycling connectivity, accessibility, and safety, very little is known concerning its influence on cycling preferences. This study investigates this topic using a dataset containing 323,163 unique GPS trajectories of Hamilton Bike Share (HBS) users collected over a 12-month period (January 1st to December 31st, 2019). A GIS-based map-matching algorithm is used to generate users’ routes from these trajectories along with attributes such as route length, number of intersections, and number of turns. Unique routes and their use frequencies are then extracted from all routes. The most popular routes between bike share hub (station) pairs are then identified as dominant routes while shortest distance routes are derived by minimizing distance traveled. Weighted level of traffic stress (WLTS), a novel measure of impedance (travel cost) developed for this study, is used to derive the least stressful routes between hub pairs. The three types of routes are compared statistically. The comparison finds that HBS users tend to choose longer routes with bicycle infrastructure in an effort to reduce their traffic stress. However, they do not choose to minimize traffic stress in its entirety by choosing the lowest WLTS routes. In other words, dominant routes are not the least stressful routes in a bike share system. Likewise, minimizing distance is not the sole consideration of HBS users. The findings suggest that other factors also influence route choice. This study not only enhances our understanding of cyclist route preferences with respect to LTS, it also presents a novel measure of impedance – WLTS – that could be used when planning new cycling infrastructure or as an alternative means to route cyclists between origins and destinations. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

There is currently an ongoing transition into more sustainable aviation. One of the sustainable alternatives to the conventional fossil-fueled aircraft is electric aviation. The research aim of the study could be divided into two parts. The first part was to identify the barriers to the development of electric aviation in Sweden. The second part was to ascertain if and, in that case, how the process to reach dominant design can be affected by the actors. Empirical data was mainly gathered through semi-structured interviews. In order to address the research aim, a theoretical framework built upon theories from both multi-level perspective and dominant design theory was used. There were barriers arising from Financial, Regulatory & Political, Business Model & Legitimacy, and Technical conditions. The theoretical analysis implied the existence of two socio-technical gates. These gates consist of collaboration and legitimacy aspects. Metaphorically passing through these gates would make overcoming the relevant barriers much easier. This would also align all elements of the transition, which makes it possible for the actors to affect the process of achieving dominant design. / Det pågår en övergång till mer hållbart flyg. Ett exempel på dessa hållbara flyg är elektriska flygplan. Målet med studien kan delas upp i två delar. Den första delen är att identifiera barriärerna som hindrar utvecklingen av dessa elektriska flygplan. Den andra delen är att ta reda på om och i så fall hur processen för att nå en dominant design på marknaden kan påverkas av aktörerna. Insamlingen av data gjordes huvudsakligen med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Teorier från “multi-levelperspective” och dominant design-teori har använts. Resultaten visar på att det finns möjliga barriärer för utvecklingen inom områden av ekonomi, regelverk, affärsmodeller och legitimitet samt teknik. Analysen implicerar existensen av två “socio-tekniska portar”. Dessa består av legitimitet och samarbete mellan aktörer. Genom att bildligt passera genom dessa portar blir det mycket enklare att överbrygga alla relaterade barriärer. Detta riktar också alla element i övergången mot sammahåll. Det i sin tur möjliggör att aktörerna kan påverka processen för att nå den dominanta designen.

Natural frequency and damping ratio were measured for ten forest grown northern red oak trees with co-dominant trunks. Steels support cables were installed in the canopies of five of the sample trees prior to measurement. Free vibration testing was performed during periods when leaves were and were not present. An accelerometer mounted at the base of the co-dominant union measured the acceleration time history during the free vibration testing. Natural frequency was determined from the acceleration time history using power spectral density analysis. Damping ratios were calculated from the power spectral density plots using the half power bandwidth method. Trees with steel support cables had higher natural frequencies than trees without steel support cables. Sample trees had higher natural frequencies in the leaf off condition than the leaf on condition. The increase in natural frequency associated with the steel support cable was less pronounced in the leaf on condition. There was no difference between the damping ratios of cabled and non-cabled trees. Trees in the leaf on condition had significantly higher damping ratios than trees in the leaf off condition.

Solved area is located in the center of Vyškov and is directly connected to the square. It forms one end of the chip Square. The proposal was to create a dominant object, which will close the square and end with the visual axis, which in recent years is not very flattering. The building would be dominant, but only so that did not compete with dominant main square, with the town hall. At the same time the goal was to design a functional building, which, thanks to the cartridge housing, shops and bring more people into the center and revive him.

The aim of the work was to design a town hall for Brno city, burrough Sever. Currently, the location is separated from public life by a high wall. What is more, it does not match the style of surrounding buildings. The proposed town hall design strives to revive the location. It uses one of the three existing buildings built in 1920. The building is proposed to be rennovated and extended by a new modern architectonic object. This way, the whole complex would naturally fit into the original structure. The location of the town hall merges the historic with the modern introducing new values into the place.