Bakgrund: Bristande följsamhet till läkemedelsbehandling både på lång och kort sikt är ett problem i behandlingen av patienter som genomgått hjärtinfarkt. Den farmakologiska behandlingen utgör dock en central del i den sekundärpreventiva vården efter hjärtinfarkt med påverkan på både livskvalitet och överlevnad. Brister i följsamhet ses vid all läkemedelsbehandling men tenderar att tillta ju längre behandlingen pågår. Den varierar också med olika typer av läkemedelsterapier där minst följsamhet till läkemedel kan ses vid förebyggande behandling. Följaktligen riskerar den farmakologiskt sekundärpreventiva och delvis livslånga behandlingen efter hjärtinfarkt att fallera. Syfte: Syftet var således att belysa barriärer som påverkar följsamhet till läkemedelsbehandling hos patienter efter hjärtinfarkt. Design: En litteraturöversikt med systematisk sökstrategi användes som design för att svara mot syftet. 16 vetenskapliga artiklar, varav 11 kvantitativa och fem av mixad metod erhölls efter systematiska sökningar i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed och vidare kvalitetsgranskade. Dessa sammanställdes genom integrerad analys utifrån Whittemore och Knalf’s modell. Resultat: Patientens attityd och kunskap, hälsoaspekter, sociodemografiska parametrar samt erhållet stöd och behandling är faktorer som kan utgöra barriärer för följsamhet till läkemedelsbehandling efter hjärtinfarkt. Slutsats: Kunskap och medvetenhet hos sjuksköterskan och övrig vårdpersonal kring barriärer till följsamhet till läkemedelsbehandling efter hjärtinfarkt är central. Utifrån denna kunskap kan adekvata omvårdnadsåtgärder och interventioner vidtas för att främja följsamheten till förskrivna läkemedel. Att överleva hjärtinfarkt innebär förändringar och utmaningar för den drabbade som behöver bearbetas och integreras i det fortsatta livet. De drabbade patienterna behöver få möta sjuksköterskor som har gedigna kunskaper om vanligt förekommande reaktioner, utmaningar och problem som patienten ställs inför. Att förstå detta skeende genom att betrakta det som en transition kan hjälpa sjuksköterskan att identifiera hur patientens behov av stöd ser ut vid den unika tidpunkten. / Background: Lack of medication adherence, both long and short term, is a problem in the treatment of patients after a myocardial infarction. Pharmacological treatment is a central part of the secondary preventive care after myocardial infarction affecting both quality of life and survival. Deficiencies in adherence are seen in all types of drug treatment but tend to increase the longer the treatment lasts. It also varies with different types of drug therapies where the least adherence to drugs can be seen in preventive treatment. Consequently, this puts the pharmacological secondary preventive and partly lifelong treatment after myocardial infarction at risk. Aim: The aim was to highlight barriers affecting medication adherence in patients after myocardial infarction. Design: A literature review with a systematic search strategy was used to answer the aim of this study. Sixteen scientific articles, of which eleven were quantitative and five of mixed method were obtained after systematic searches and quality review in CINAHL and PubMed databases. An integrated analysis based on Whittemore and Knalf's model was used to analys the data. Results: The patient's attitude and knowledge, health aspects, sociodemographic parameters and the support and treatment received are factors that can constitute barriers to medical adherence after myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Nurses and other health personnels´ knowledge and awareness regarding barriers to medication adherence after myocardial infarction is central. Based on this knowledge, adequate nursing measures and interventions can be taken to promote adherence to prescribed medication. Surviving a myocardial infarction means changes and challenges for the person that needs to be processed and integrated into their daily life. Patients impacted need to meet nurses who have good knowledge of common reactions, challenges and problems that they may face. Understanding these course of events by considering it as a transition can help the nurse identify the patient's need for support at this unique time.

Janis is a residential drug treatment program for drug abusers between the ages of twelve and eighteen deigned to rehabilitate the participants. Five homes, each staffed by two trained residential coordinators and one student accommodate a total of thirty patients at a time. The treatment program consists of daily house meetings led by the residential coordinators, one group therapy session per week led by a psychiatric social worker, and individual therapy sessions with a psychiatrist as needed, as well as regular consultation with a psychologist and psychiatrist. The adolescents enrolled in the program are referred from a variety of agencies, including the Multnomah County Juvenile Court and Home, the Psychiatric Crisis Unit operated by the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center, and other out-patient treatment centers in Portland. Only those adolescents who are motivated to change their behavior are accepted into the Janis program.

No description available.

The purpose of this essay is to explore the significance for former drug addicts who, during their treatment against drug abuse, have had a therapist with a drug addiction in his or her past. A qualitative case study has been used as method in which four former drug users have been interviewed. We have compiled the results based on five key themes in order to get a comprehensive picture of the relevance of common experiences regarding drug abuse, based on former addicts’ experiences. This has been done in connection with a review of different theoretical perspectives that we have found relevant to the investigation. Our findings have then been compared with previous research in the field. We have, in our investigation, come to the conclusion that the therapist’s and the drug addict’s mutual experience of drug abuse regarding drug addiction treatment, is that it is not important. However, there are aspects concerning the relation between drug users and their therapists in which the mutual experience is important.

Opioid addiction is a physical, mental, and social issue. The insidious habits and behaviors acquired while living an addictive lifestyle are more powerful than human comprehension, and the training required to release these strongholds are extreme to say the least. Capturing the lived experiences of this process is needed to increase understanding of the development that leads to transformation from active addict to addict in recovery. This phenomenological research study on the treatment experience of opioid addicts used a qualitative approach to gain understanding of this phenomenon. For this study, 15 research participants were selected. Their ages ranged from 21 to 30-years-old and they all successfully completed an adult substance abuse treatment program. All participants must have been in active recovery for a minimum of one year. The central question for this study is: what are the intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts opioid addicts are presented with during their treatment process? By means of conducting and analyzing interview questions and utilizing the conflict resolution theories of human motivation, social identity theory, coordinated management of meaning theory, and relative deprivation theory, this study revealed that the overall essence of the treatment experience is the journey of identity transformation from active addict to addict in recovery through conflict management. The need to manage conflict in five specific areas was uncovered. They include identity formation, stigma, interpersonal relationships, group structure, and conflict styles. The participants’ shared experiences provide insight into identifying conflicts that need to be managed and resolved so recovery is achieved and sustained.

No description available.

The drug treatment staff attitude towards needle exchange is what investigates in this study. The aim of this study is to see what’s affecting the standpoints in the needle exchange issue and also to investigate if the needle exchange is compatible with Swedish drug policy. The study has a qualitative approach and it’s based on eight semi-structured interviews with drug treatment staff. To analyze the empirical material we’ve used Berger and Luckmanns social construction theory, the theoretical concept profession socialization and the four ethical principles: autonomy principle, goodness maximization principle, harm minimization principle and the principle of justice. The result of this study shows that drug treatment staffs are negative to needle exchange efficacy. They don’t believe that needle exchange is compatible with Swedish drug policy which strives for a drug free society. The drug treatment staffs are worried about that harm reduction interventions, such as needle exchange, will lead to a liberalized drug policy and that drug use will be legitimized. They fear that the drug policy will be weakened with harm reduction. The results illustrate that there are numerous factors that influence staff attitudes towards needle exchange, these are profession socialization, workplace, organization, context, the current drug policy as well as knowledgeable of the needle exchange. Keywords: Needle exchange, Injection drug users, Drug treatment staff, Harm reduction and Swedish drug policy.

<p>The drug treatment staff attitude towards needle exchange is what investigates in this study. The aim of this study is to see what’s affecting the standpoints in the needle exchange issue and also to investigate if the needle exchange is compatible with Swedish drug policy. The study has a qualitative approach and it’s based on eight semi-structured interviews with drug treatment staff. To analyze the empirical material we’ve used Berger and Luckmanns social construction theory, the theoretical concept profession socialization and the four ethical principles: autonomy principle, goodness maximization principle, harm minimization principle and the principle of justice.</p><p>The result of this study shows that drug treatment staffs are negative to needle exchange efficacy. They don’t believe that needle exchange is compatible with Swedish drug policy which strives for a drug free society. The drug treatment staffs are worried about that harm reduction interventions, such as needle exchange, will lead to a liberalized drug policy and that drug use will be legitimized. They fear that the drug policy will be weakened with harm reduction. The results illustrate that there are numerous factors that influence staff attitudes towards needle exchange, these are profession socialization, workplace, organization, context, the current drug policy as well as knowledgeable of the needle exchange.</p><p>Keywords: Needle exchange, Injection drug users, Drug treatment staff, Harm reduction and Swedish drug policy.</p>

Darbe nagrinėjama alkoholio vartojimo problemų turinčių asmenų gyvenimo kokybės kitimas atsižvelgiant į tai, kokius gydimo metodus jie pasirenka šiai problemai spręsti. Didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas AA grupių įtakai gyvenimo kokybei ir jos kitimui. Ši problematika Lietuvoje mažai tyrinėta, tačiau dėl alkoholio vartojimo masto Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje yra pakankamai aktuali. Darbe buvo iškeltas tikslas ištirti AA grupių įtaką alkoholio vartojimo problemų turinčių asmenų gyvenimo kokybės kitimui. Darbo tikslui pasiekti analizuota alkoholio vartojimo problemų turinčių asmenų lankiusių ir nelankiusių anoniminių alkoholikų grupes gyvenimo kokybė, jos kitimas ir vertybių bei gydymo metodo įtaka jai. Manoma, kad alkoholio vartojimo problemų turinčių asmenų, lankiusių anoniminių alkoholikų grupes, gyvenimo kokybė pagerėjo labiau, palyginus su tais kurie tų grupių nelankė arba buvo viena-du kartus ir daugiau nelankė. Darbo tikslui pasiekti naudota PSO gyvenimo kokybės klausimynas (WHOQOL-BREF; angl. The World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref, 1996), gyvenimo vertybių įvertinimas pagal Goštautą A, Javtoką Z, Žagminą K. (2001) ir gydymo metodo įvertinimas sudarytas pačios darbo autorės. Tyrime dalyvavo aliejų lyčių, nuo 18 iki 69 m. amžiaus, įvairios šeiminės, užimtumo, profesinės padėties ir išsilavinimo, šiuo metu besigydantys lankydami AA grupę, Minesotos programą ir medikamentiniu gydymusi, asmenys. Tyrimas parodė, kad asmenų, nepriklausomai nuo lyties, kurie turi problemų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This Paper deals with changing quality of life of the people with alcohol problems, depending on what treatment methods they choose to tackle this problem. The main focus is made on the impact of AA groups to quality of life and the changes thereof. This problem has been little researched in Lithuania; however, due to the consumed alcohol level in Lithuania and world widely this issue is sufficiently relevant. The objective of the Paper is to examine the impact of AA groups to the change of the quality of life of people who have alcohol-consuming problems. For the purpose of the Objective the quality of life and of the people with alcohol-consuming problems who attended AA groups and who not attended AA groups and the change of their quality of life were analysed, as well as the values and the impact of treatment methods on it were explored. It is estimated that the quality of life of the people with alcohol-consuming problems, who attended alcoholics anonymous groups, improved more in comparison with those who did not attend these groups or those visited them once or twice and did not attend them constantly. In order to reveal the Objective of the Paper, the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF; in Eng. The World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref, 1996), the evaluation of the life values according to Goštautas A, Javtokas Z, Žagminas K. (2001) and the evaluation of treatment method, composed by the author herself, were used. The research included persons... [to full text]

SammanfattningKvinnor inom missbruksvården kan beskrivas som en speciellt utsatt grupp, delsutifrån samhällets normer och dels utifrån behandlingsmetoderna som än idag oftaär uppbyggda utifrån mäns behov. Studiens övergripande syfte var att undersökahur samhällets attityder och normer påverkar kvinnor med missbruksproblematik,samt hur dessa kvinnor har upplevt behandlingen och vården. Studien baseras påsex kvalitativa intervjuer och strävade efter den subjektiva beskrivningen av dessakvinnors verklighet. Intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av innehållsanalys isyfte att få en djupare förståelse för kvinnornas egna berättelser. Teorier omgenus, makt och samhällets normer har legat till grund för analys av empirin.Resultatet visade att kvinnor med missbruksproblematik upplever mycket känslorav skuld och skam. När det gäller behandlingsform råder det ingen entydighet omhuruvida behandlingen bör vara könsspecifik eller könsblandad. Däremotupplevde majoriteten av respondenterna att genomförd behandling intemotsvarade deras individuella behov.