Les domaines de recherche actuels, tels que l'informatique ubiquitaire et l'informatique en nuage (cloud computing), considèrent que ces environnements d’exécution sont en changement continue. Les applications dynamiques, où les composants peuvent être ajoutés et supprimés pendant l'exécution, permettent à un logiciel de s'adapter et de s'ajuster à l'évolution des environnements, et de tenir compte de l’évolution du logiciel. Malheureusement, les applications dynamiques soulèvent des questions de conception et de développement qui n'ont pas encore été pleinement explorées.Dans cette thèse, nous montrons que le dynamisme est une préoccupation transversale qui rompt avec un grand nombre d’hypothèses que les développeurs d’applications classiques sont autorisés à prendre. Le dynamisme affecte profondément la conception et développement de logiciels. S'il n'est pas manipulé correctement, le dynamisme peut « silencieusement » corrompre l'application. De plus, l'écriture d'applications dynamiques est complexe et sujette à erreur. Et compte tenu du niveau de complexité et de l’impact du dynamisme sur le processus du développement, le logiciel ne peut pas devenir dynamique sans (de large) modification et le dynamisme ne peut pas être totalement transparent (bien que beaucoup de celui-ci peut souvent être externalisées ou automatisées).Ce travail a pour but d’offrir à l’architecte logiciel le contrôle sur le niveau, la nature et la granularité du dynamisme qui est nécessaire dans les applications dynamiques. Cela permet aux architectes et aux développeurs de choisir les zones de l'application où les efforts de programmation des composants dynamiques seront investis, en évitant le coût et la complexité de rendre tous les composants dynamiques. L'idée est de permettre aux architectes de déterminer l'équilibre entre les efforts à fournir et le niveau de dynamisme requis pour les besoins de l'application. / Current areas of research, such as ubiquitous and cloud computing, consider execution environments to be in a constant state of change. Dynamic applications—where components can be added, removed and substituted during execution—allow software to adapt and adjust to changing environments, and to accommodate evolving features. Unfortunately, dynamic applications raise design and development issues that have yet to be fully addressed. In this dissertation we show that dynamism is a crosscutting concern that breaks many of the assumptions that developers are otherwise allowed to make in classic applications. Dynamism deeply impacts software design and development. If not handled correctly, dynamism can silently corrupt the application. Furthermore, writing dynamic applications is complex and error-prone, and given the level of complexity and the impact dynamism has on the development process, software cannot become dynamic without (extensive) modification and dynamism cannot be entirely transparent (although much of it may often be externalized or automated). This work focuses on giving the software architect control over the level, the nature and the granularity of dynamism that is required in dynamic applications. This allows architects and developers to choose where the efforts of programming dynamic components are best spent, avoiding the cost and complexity of making all components dynamic. The idea is to allow architects to determine the balance between the efforts spent and the level of dynamism required for the application's needs. At design-time we perform an impact analysis using the architect's requirements for dynamism. This serves to identify components that can be corrupted by dynamism and to—at the architect's disposition—render selected components resilient to dynamism. The application becomes a well-defined mix of dynamic areas, where components are expected to change at runtime, and static areas that are protected from dynamism and where programming is simpler and less restrictive. At runtime, our framework ensures the application remains consistent—even after unexpected dynamic events—by computing and removing potentially corrupt components. The framework attempts to recover quickly from dynamism and to minimize the impact of dynamism on the application. Our work builds on recent Software Engineering and Middleware technologies—namely, OSGi, iPOJO and APAM—that provide basic mechanisms to handle dynamism, such as dependency injection, late-binding, service availability notifications, deployment, lifecycle and dependency management. Our approach, implemented in the Robusta prototype, extends and complements these technologies by providing design and development-time support, and enforcing application execution consistency in the face of dynamism.

This study investigates whether Gaussian Process Regression can be applied to evaluate buffer queue times in large scale data processing systems. It is additionally considered whether high-frequency data stream rates can be generalized into a small subset of the sample space. With the aim of providing basis for dynamic software optimization, a promising foundation for continued research is introduced. The study is intended to contribute to Direct Market Access financial trading systems which processes immense amounts of market data daily. Due to certain limitations, we shoulder a naïve approach and model latencies as a function of only data throughput in eight small historical intervals. The training and test sets are represented from raw market data, and we resort to pruning operations to shrink the datasets by a factor of approximately 0.0005 in order to achieve computational feasibility. We further consider four different implementations of Gaussian Process Regression. The resulting algorithms perform well on pruned datasets, with an average R2 statistic of 0.8399 over six test sets of approximately equal size as the training set. Testing on non-pruned datasets indicate shortcomings from the generalization procedure, where input vectors corresponding to low-latency target values are associated with less accuracy. We conclude that depending on application, the shortcomings may be make the model intractable. However for the purposes of this study it is found that buffer queue times can indeed be modelled by regression algorithms. We discuss several methods for improvements, both in regards to pruning procedures and Gaussian Processes, and open up for promising continued research. / Denna studie undersöker huruvida Gaussian Process Regression kan appliceras för att utvärdera buffer-kötider i storskaliga dataprocesseringssystem. Dessutom utforskas ifall dataströmsfrekvenser kan generaliseras till en liten delmängd av utfallsrymden. Medmålet att erhålla en grund för dynamisk mjukvaruoptimering introduceras en lovandestartpunkt för fortsatt forskning. Studien riktas mot Direct Market Access system för handel på finansiella marknader, somprocesserar enorma mängder marknadsdata dagligen. På grund av vissa begränsningar axlas ett naivt tillvägagångssätt och väntetider modelleras som en funktion av enbartdatagenomströmning i åtta små historiska tidsinterval. Tränings- och testdataset representeras från ren marknadsdata och pruning-tekniker används för att krympa dataseten med en ungefärlig faktor om 0.0005, för att uppnå beräkningsmässig genomförbarhet. Vidare tas fyra olika implementationer av Gaussian Process Regression i beaktning. De resulterande algorithmerna presterar bra på krympta dataset, med en medel R2 statisticpå 0.8399 över sex testdataset, alla av ungefär samma storlek som träningsdatasetet. Tester på icke krympta dataset indikerar vissa brister från pruning, där input vektorermotsvararande låga latenstider är associerade med mindre exakthet. Slutsatsen dras att beroende på applikation kan dessa brister göra modellen obrukbar. För studiens syftefinnes emellertid att latenstider kan sannerligen modelleras av regressionsalgoritmer. Slutligen diskuteras metoder för förbättrning med hänsyn till både pruning och GaussianProcess Regression, och det öppnas upp för lovande vidare forskning.

[pt] A natureza de certos sistemas de software determina que estes tenham de executar de maneira ininterrupta. Por outro lado, diversos sistemas de software são constantemente sujeitos a mudanças, por questões que incluem, mas não se limitam a, infraestrutura, correções de falhas, adição de funcionalidades e mudanças na lógica de domínio. Evolução dinâmica de software consiste em alterar aplicações durante a sua execução sem interrompê-las, mantendo-as disponíveis mesmo durante a aplicação destas modificações. Sistemas distribuídos baseados em componentes permitem decompor o software em entidades claramente separadas. Nesses casos, a evolução pode ser resumida a remoção, adição e modificação de tais entidades, e se tais atividades podem ser exercidas enquanto a aplicação está em execução, tem-se evolução dinâmica de software. Através disso, neste trabalho foi criada uma abordagem em que é possível se manipular arquiteturas distribuídas desenvolvidas sobre o middleware SCS de maneira a se minimizar a interrupção de partes do sistema enquanto certas adaptações são implantadas. Aplicamos o mecanismo em um sistema distribuído já consolidado, o CAS, que consiste em uma infraestrutura de gravação extensível com suporte a captura e acesso automáticos de mídias distribuídas. / [en] The nature of some software systems determine that they run without interruption. Furthermore, many software systems are constantly subject to change for reasons that include, but are not limited to, infrastructure changes, bug fixes, addition of functionalities, and changes in the domain logic. Dynamic software evolution consists into changing application during execution without stopping them, keeping them available even when applying these modifications. Component-based distributed systems allows decomposing software into clearly separated entities. In such cases, evolution can be summarized to removal, addition and modification of such entities, and if such activities can be performed while the application is executing, dynamic adaptation is achieved. In this work, we ve investigated an approach that aims to allow manipulation of distributed software architectures developed over the SCS middleware, in order to minimize system disruption while certain adaptations are deployed. The mechanism was tested in an already consolidated distributed system, the CAS, which consists of an extensible recording infrastructure that supports automatic capture and access of distributed medias.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-08-09T16:58:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Helberth Borelli - 2016.pdf: 5479597 bytes, checksum: c182a5a918e2fda8bf310ba47bc494e4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T11:31:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Helberth Borelli - 2016.pdf: 5479597 bytes, checksum: c182a5a918e2fda8bf310ba47bc494e4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:31:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Helberth Borelli - 2016.pdf: 5479597 bytes, checksum: c182a5a918e2fda8bf310ba47bc494e4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Systems which involve adaptations due to context changes have the challenge of adapting software systems at runtime. This thesis adopts as proposal the adaptation of resources in the form of features, involving concepts of Feature Oriented Domain Analysis. A possible approach to develop systems based on adaptable features at runtime is the concept of Dynamic Software Product Line (DSPL), which can be implemented by Metamodels. The aim of this thesis is the development of a Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSML) for DSPL, designed from the construction of a metamodel for the development of DSPLs, which is divided in three metamodels: of features, of variabilities and of applications to derive products. The variabilities metamodel aims at modeling contracts that must negotiate the product adaptation to the features that may be present or not in the execution environment. Adaptations are based in state machines, which address changes of feature state or changes by transitions of equivalent features, in order to keep the execution of the software product. The developed DSML still plays the role of extending the constraints imposed by the metamodels, as well as to generate codes in general-purpose language based on modeling features, variabilities and applications. In order to validate the proposal, the DSML was used to model two DSPLs, including the derivation of products and the execution in a platform based in OSGi specification. / Sistemas que envolvem adaptação em decorrência de mudanças de contexto possuem como desafio a adaptação do sistema de software em tempo de execução. Esta dissertação adota como proposta a adaptação de recursos na forma de características, envolvendo o conceito de Análise de Domínio Orientada a Características. Uma abordagem para o desenvolvimento de sistemas baseados em características adaptáveis em tempo de execução é o conceito de Linha de Produto de Software Dinâmica (LPSD), o qual pode ser implementado por meio do desenvolvimento de Metamodelos. O objetivo desta dissertação é o desenvolvimento de uma Linguagem de Modelagem de Domínio Específico (do inglês, Domain Specific Modeling Language - DSML) para LPSD, concebida a partir da construção de um metamodelo para o desenvolvimento de LPSDs, o qual está dividido em três metamodelos: de características, de variabilidades e de aplicação para derivação de produtos. Em destaque, o metamodelo de variabilidade tem como objetivo a modelagem de contratos que devem negociar a adaptação dos produtos às características que poderão estar ou não presentes no ambiente de execução. As adaptações são baseadas em máquinas de estado, as quais abordam a mudança de estado de uma característica ou a mudança por transição de características equivalentes, com o intuito de manter a execução do produto de software. A DSML desenvolvida tem ainda o papel de estender as restrições impostas pelos metamodelos, assim como gerar códigos em linguagem de propósito geral com base na modelagem de características, variabilidades e aplicações. No sentido de validar a proposta, a DSML foi usada para a modelagem de duas LPSDs, incluindo a derivação de produtos e a execução em uma plataforma baseada na especificação OSGi.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-16T17:35:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Flayson Potenciano e Silva - 2016.pdf: 6563517 bytes, checksum: 7f7a3d166741057427f2d333473af546 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-19T11:17:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Flayson Potenciano e Silva - 2016.pdf: 6563517 bytes, checksum: 7f7a3d166741057427f2d333473af546 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T11:17:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Flayson Potenciano e Silva - 2016.pdf: 6563517 bytes, checksum: 7f7a3d166741057427f2d333473af546 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation presents a requirement representation approach for Dynamic Software Product Lines (DSPLs). DSPLs are oriented towards the designing of adaptive applications and each requirement is represented as a feature. Traditionally, features are represented in a Software Product Line (SPL) by a Feature Model (FM). Nonetheless, such a model does not originally support dynamic features representation. This dissertation proposes an extension to FM by adding a representation for dynamic feature to it so that the model can have a higher expressivity regarding the context change conditions and the application itself. Therefore, a metamodel based on Ecore meta-metamodel has been developed to enable the definition of both Dynamic Feature Models (proposed extension to FM) and Dynamic Feature Configurations (DFC), the latter used to describe the possible configuration of products at-runtime. In addition to a representation for dynamic features and the metamodel, this dissertation provides a tool that interprets the proposed model and allows Dynamic Feature Models design. Simulations involving dynamic feature state changes have been carried out, considering scenarios of a ubiquitous monitoring application for homecare patients. / Esta dissertação apresenta uma abordagem de representação de requisitos para Linhas de Produto de Software Dinâmicas (LPSD). LPSDs são voltadas para a produção de aplicações adaptativas e cada requisito é representado como uma característica. Tradicionalmente, características são representadas em uma Linha de Produto de Software (LPS) por meio de um Modelo de Características (MC). Tal modelo, no entanto, não possui, originalmente, suporte para a representação de características dinâmicas. Esta dissertação propõe uma extensão ao MC, incorporando uma representação para as características dinâmicas, de forma que o modelo tenha maior expressividade quanto às condições de mudanças de contexto e da própria aplicação. Para isso, um metamodelo baseado no meta-metamodelo Ecore foi desenvolvido, para possibilitar a definição tanto de Modelos de Características Dinâmicas (extensão do MC proposta) quanto também de Modelos de Configuração de Características Dinâmicas (MCC-D), estes utilizados para descrever as possíveis configurações dos produtos em tempo de execução. Além de uma representação para características dinâmicas e do metamodelo, essa dissertação traz como contribuição uma ferramenta que interpreta o metamodelo proposto e permite a construção de Modelos de Características Dinâmicas. Simulações envolvendo mudanças de estado das configurações de características dinâmicas foram realizadas, considerando cenários de uma aplicação ubíqua de monitoramento de pacientes domiciliares.

<p>У&nbsp; докторској&nbsp; дисертацији&nbsp; је&nbsp; елаборирано&nbsp; истраживање&nbsp; које&nbsp; се&nbsp; односи&nbsp; на&nbsp; примену савремених технологија у настави математике на универзитетском нивоу. Истраживање се заснива&nbsp; на&nbsp; комбиновању&nbsp; различитих&nbsp; наставних&nbsp; метода,&nbsp; са&nbsp; циљем&nbsp; унапређења&nbsp; квалитета знања&nbsp; студената&nbsp; у&nbsp; области&nbsp; реалних&nbsp; функција&nbsp; и&nbsp; њихових&nbsp; особина.&nbsp; Бројна&nbsp; ранија истраживања&nbsp; бавила&nbsp; су&nbsp; се&nbsp; применом&nbsp; методе&nbsp; колаборативног&nbsp; рада&nbsp; у&nbsp; настави,&nbsp; као&nbsp; и имплементацијом&nbsp; савремене&nbsp; технологије&nbsp; у&nbsp; наставни&nbsp; процес.&nbsp; У&nbsp; докторској&nbsp; дисертацији описане&nbsp; су&nbsp; наставне&nbsp; методе&nbsp; које&nbsp; се&nbsp; заснивају&nbsp; на&nbsp; примени&nbsp; динамичког&nbsp; софтвера&nbsp; у испитивању&nbsp; особина&nbsp; функција,&nbsp; односно&nbsp; класа&nbsp; (фамилија)&nbsp; функција,&nbsp; комбиноване&nbsp; са методама колаборативног, односно индивидуалног рада студената. Коришћењем погодног динамичког&nbsp; софтвера,&nbsp; израђени&nbsp; су&nbsp; едукативни&nbsp; материјали&nbsp; који&nbsp; се&nbsp; могу&nbsp; користити&nbsp; у<br />настави.&nbsp; Спроведена&nbsp; су&nbsp; појединачна&nbsp; истраживања,&nbsp; која&nbsp; су&nbsp; имала&nbsp; за&nbsp; циљ&nbsp; утврђивање степена утицаја примене новог методског приступа на постигнућа&nbsp; студената у посматраној области. Резултати сваког од истраживања су статистички анализирани. Дата су закључна разматрања,&nbsp; која&nbsp; садрже&nbsp; дискусију&nbsp; о&nbsp; резултатима&nbsp; спроведених&nbsp; истраживања,&nbsp; као&nbsp; и смернице&nbsp; за&nbsp; имплементацију&nbsp; новог&nbsp; методског&nbsp; приступа&nbsp; у&nbsp; наставни&nbsp; процес&nbsp; и&nbsp; евентуална даља истраживања.</p> / <p>U&nbsp; doktorskoj&nbsp; disertaciji&nbsp; je&nbsp; elaborirano&nbsp; istraživanje&nbsp; koje&nbsp; se&nbsp; odnosi&nbsp; na&nbsp; primenu savremenih tehnologija u nastavi matematike na univerzitetskom nivou. Istraživanje se zasniva&nbsp; na&nbsp; kombinovanju&nbsp; različitih&nbsp; nastavnih&nbsp; metoda,&nbsp; sa&nbsp; ciljem&nbsp; unapređenja&nbsp; kvaliteta znanja&nbsp; studenata&nbsp; u&nbsp; oblasti&nbsp; realnih&nbsp; funkcija&nbsp; i&nbsp; njihovih&nbsp; osobina.&nbsp; Brojna&nbsp; ranija istraživanja&nbsp; bavila&nbsp; su&nbsp; se&nbsp; primenom&nbsp; metode&nbsp; kolaborativnog&nbsp; rada&nbsp; u&nbsp; nastavi,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i implementacijom&nbsp; savremene&nbsp; tehnologije&nbsp; u&nbsp; nastavni&nbsp; proces.&nbsp; U&nbsp; doktorskoj&nbsp; disertaciji opisane&nbsp; su&nbsp; nastavne&nbsp; metode&nbsp; koje&nbsp; se&nbsp; zasnivaju&nbsp; na&nbsp; primeni&nbsp; dinamičkog&nbsp; softvera&nbsp; u ispitivanju&nbsp; osobina&nbsp; funkcija,&nbsp; odnosno&nbsp; klasa&nbsp; (familija)&nbsp; funkcija,&nbsp; kombinovane&nbsp; sa metodama kolaborativnog, odnosno individualnog rada studenata. Korišćenjem pogodnog dinamičkog&nbsp; softvera,&nbsp; izrađeni&nbsp; su&nbsp; edukativni&nbsp; materijali&nbsp; koji&nbsp; se&nbsp; mogu&nbsp; koristiti&nbsp; u<br />nastavi.&nbsp; Sprovedena&nbsp; su&nbsp; pojedinačna&nbsp; istraživanja,&nbsp; koja&nbsp; su&nbsp; imala&nbsp; za&nbsp; cilj&nbsp; utvrđivanje stepena uticaja primene novog metodskog pristupa na postignuća&nbsp; studenata u posmatranoj oblasti. Rezultati svakog od istraživanja su statistički analizirani. Data su zaključna razmatranja,&nbsp; koja&nbsp; sadrže&nbsp; diskusiju&nbsp; o&nbsp; rezultatima&nbsp; sprovedenih&nbsp; istraživanja,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i smernice&nbsp; za&nbsp; implementaciju&nbsp; novog&nbsp; metodskog&nbsp; pristupa&nbsp; u&nbsp; nastavni&nbsp; proces&nbsp; i&nbsp; eventualna dalja istraživanja.</p> / <p>In&nbsp; the&nbsp; doctoral thesis,&nbsp; a&nbsp; research&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; application&nbsp; of&nbsp; modern&nbsp; technologies&nbsp; in&nbsp; teaching mathematics at the university level is elaborated. The research is based on the combination of different teaching methods, with the aim of improving the quality of&nbsp; students&#39; knowledge of real functions and their properties. Numerous previous research was carried out using the method of collaborative teaching work in teaching,&nbsp; as well as the implementation of modern technology in the&nbsp; teaching&nbsp; process.&nbsp; In&nbsp; the&nbsp; doctoral thesis,&nbsp; teaching&nbsp; methods&nbsp; are&nbsp; described&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; the application of dynamic software in the examination of the properties of functions, i.e. classes (families) of functions, combined with methods of collaborative, or individual work of students.By&nbsp; using&nbsp; suitable&nbsp; dynamic&nbsp; software, educational&nbsp; materials&nbsp; that&nbsp; can&nbsp; be&nbsp; used&nbsp; in&nbsp; teaching&nbsp; are created. Individual research was conducted, aimed at determining the degree of impact of the application&nbsp; of&nbsp; a&nbsp; new didactic approach&nbsp; on&nbsp; students&#39;&nbsp; achievements&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; observed&nbsp; field. The results of each study were statistically analyzed. Final conclusions are provided, which contain a discussion of the results of the conducted research, as well as guidelines for the implementation of the new didactic approach in the teaching process and possible further research.</p>

Au cours des dernières décennies, l'immigration d'enfants d'origine africaine en Ontario n'a cessé de croître. Le système scolaire franco-ontarien censé les accueillir, en plus de recommander la résolution de problème comme moyen d'apprentissage des mathématiques dès les premiers apprentissages, est grandement axé sur l'intégration des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC). Or, l'utilisation des TIC dans le secteur de l'éducation de la majorité des pays d'Afrique subsaharienne d'où arrivent ces élèves est peu développée. La présente étude explore l'expérience vécue par des élèves du primaire d'origine africaine subsaharienne immigrants récents en Ontario (élèves ASSI) en situation de résolution de problème mathématique (RP) intégrant la technologie. Elle permet de mieux comprendre le rôle qu'occupe un logiciel de géométrie dynamique (LGD) dans un tel dispositif d'apprentissage. L'approche méthodologique choisie est celle d'une recherche qualitative/interprétative menée sous la forme d'une étude de cas multiples. Deux dyades d'élèves ASSI (quatre élèves) ont été observées en situation de RP usant de LGD puis rencontrées. Pour nos analyses, nous avons eu recours à la triangulation des théories de notre cadre théorique: l'approche socioconstructiviste de Vygotsky, la théorie instrumentale de Trouche et le modèle de résolution de problème de mathématiques de Pólya. Le croisement des données d'observations des processus d'instrumentalisation et d'instrumentation et des processus de résolution de problème a permis d'apporter des éléments de réponse à notre question de recherche. Les résultats révèlent, d'une part, que le LGD occupe une place prépondérante dans la construction de connaissances chez les élèves ASSI et le développement de leurs habiletés de résolution de problèmes, d'autre part que les propos des élèves quant au dispositif d'apprentissage sont certes nuancés, mais majoritairement positifs. Cette recherche contribue à favoriser l'inclusion dans les classes de mathématiques du primaire de la minorité africaine subsaharienne en contexte minoritaire francophone de l'Ontario. -- Over the past few decades, the immigration of children of African origin to Ontario has increased. The Franco-Ontarian school system supposed to welcome them, in addition to recommending problem solving as a means of learning mathematics from the very first learning, is largely focused on the integration of new information and communication technologies (ICT). However, the use of ICT in the education sector of most sub-Saharan African countries from which these students come from is not very developed. This study explores the experience of elementary school's students of sub-Saharan African origin who are recent immigrants to Ontario (ASSI students) in a situation of mathematical problem solving (PR) integrating technology. It provides a better understanding of the role played by the dynamic geometry software (DGS) in such a learning device. The chosen methodological approach is that of qualitative/interpretative research conducted in the form of a multiple case study. Two dyads of ASSI students (four students) were observed in a PR situation using DGS and then were met. For our analyses, we resorted to the triangulation of the theories of our theoretical framework: the socioconstructivist approach of Vygotsky, the instrumental theory of Trouche and the mathematical problem-solving model of Pólya. The cross-referencing of the observation data of the instrumentalization and instrumentation processes and the problem-solving processes has made it possible to identify certain elements of the answer to our research question. The results reveal, on the one hand, that the DGS occupies a preponderant place in the construction of knowledge among ASSI students and the development of their problem-solving skills, on the other hand, that the students' words about the learning are certainly nuanced, but mostly positive. This research contributes to promoting the inclusion in primary mathematics classes of the sub-Saharan African minority in a French-speaking minority context in Ontario.

Over the last years, Web services have become increasingly popular. It is because they allow businesses to share data and business process (BP) logic through a programmatic interface across networks. In order to reach the full potential of Web services, they can be combined to achieve specifi c functionalities. Web services run in complex contexts where arising events may compromise the quality of the system (e.g. a sudden security attack). As a result, it is desirable to count on mechanisms to adapt Web service compositions (or simply called service compositions) according to problematic events in the context. Since critical systems may require prompt responses, manual adaptations are unfeasible in large and intricate service compositions. Thus, it is suitable to have autonomic mechanisms to guide their self-adaptation. One way to achieve this is by implementing variability constructs at the language level. However, this approach may become tedious, difficult to manage, and error-prone as the number of con figurations for the service composition grows. The goal of this thesis is to provide a model-driven framework to guide autonomic adjustments of context-aware service compositions. This framework spans over design time and runtime to face arising known and unknown context events (i.e., foreseen and unforeseen at design time) in the close and open worlds respectively. At design time, we propose a methodology for creating the models that guide autonomic changes. Since Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) lacks support for systematic reuse of service operations, we represent service operations as Software Product Line (SPL) features in a variability model. As a result, our approach can support the construction of service composition families in mass production-environments. In order to reach optimum adaptations, the variability model and its possible con figurations are verifi ed at design time using Constraint Programming (CP). At runtime, when problematic events arise in the context, the variability model is leveraged for guiding autonomic changes of the service composition. The activation and deactivation of features in the variability model result in changes in a composition model that abstracts the underlying service composition. Changes in the variability model are refl ected into the service composition by adding or removing fragments of Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) code, which are deployed at runtime. Model-driven strategies guide the safe migration of running service composition instances. Under the closed-world assumption, the possible context events are fully known at design time. These events will eventually trigger the dynamic adaptation of the service composition. Nevertheless, it is diffi cult to foresee all the possible situations arising in uncertain contexts where service compositions run. Therefore, we extend our framework to cover the dynamic evolution of service compositions to deal with unexpected events in the open world. If model adaptations cannot solve uncertainty, the supporting models self-evolve according to abstract tactics that preserve expected requirements. / Alférez Salinas, GH. (2013). Achieving Autonomic Web Service Compositions with Models at Runtime [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34672

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