Workshop Mensch-Computer-Vernetzung Web Accessibility Gestaltung von Webseiten um eine Nutzung mit vielen verschiedenen Zugangsmgeräten (Scrennreader, Bildschirmlupe) und unter verschiedenen technischen Bedingungen (langsame Anbindung, veraltete Software, keine Farbe) weitestgehend uneingeschränkt zu ermöglichen.

This master´s degree essay aims to analyze and confront two travel memoirs on the Sami people, an indigenous group living in the geographical area of Northern Norway, Swedish and Finnish Lapland and Kola Peninsula in Russia. The descriptions were taken out of a Swedish work by Gustaf von Düben Om Lappland och lapparne, företrädesvis de svenske (1852) and a Polish one written by Faustyna Morzycka Z dalekiej północy: Norwegja, Szwecja, Danja, Islandja i Laponja (1896). The study focuses on the narrative aspects of the actual human representations on the examined topic. The working hypothesis is that the images of Sami people vary strongly depending on the specific bias of the writer i. e. nationality, background or gender. Additionally, the study points out the specification of two different political, social and historical contexts and shortly discusses the model reader´s role in the writing process. The results of the study indicate that there are several differences appearing in the examined travel literature depending on the author.

The essay critically examines Stanley Fish’s reader-response reading of Paradise Lost.In particular Fish’s main thesis that John Milton’s sole purpose in Paradise Lost is toeducate the reader on their position as fallen.The essay then examines two key claimsthat Fish employs to arrive at his conclusion, namely: (1) Fish’s notion of intendedreadership and authorial intent for Paradise Lost; and (2) Fish’s claims of readerresponse to Paradise Lost in two selected contexts (i) the reader response to Satan in thebeginning of Paradise Lost (ii) the reader response to an aspect of narration in ParadiseLost i.e. the poem’s epic voice. Based on the analysis of these two key claims the essayfinds Fish’s thesis unsubstantiated and in need of further argument.

The thesis deals with development of reading in the Czech society during the last few decades. The aim of this study is to explore certain factors, that cause probace changes in reading of books and what is the measure of their impact. The teoretici part describes the historical long-term trends. These trends include existence certain historical events in the Czech society, which were defined by technological progress. In the next part explains important words for this study (who is the typical reader and non-reader, reading culture, reading behavior, etc.). The empirical part of study is based on multi-dimensional analysis the certain factors, which impact reading in proportion to time and the generations (created age categories - young generation 20 - 34, middle-aged 35 - 54 and old generation 55+). This part of study uses data from sociological researches, primarily of social and class structure (1984, 1991, 1999 and 2006). This study uses data from the international research of International Adult Literacy Survey (SIALS 98) and data from sociological research ISSP 2007 (Leisure time and sport). In this regard, the research followed in addition to leisure activities, many aspects such as level of educational attainment, size of home library etc. Key words Reading, reader, book, education, age,...

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om lärare, verksamma i årskurs 1-3, tillämpar läsfrämjande metoder och arbetssätt i sin undervisning. Studien syftar även till att undersöka om och hur dagens läsundervisning påverkas av elevers läsintresse. Ansatsen är både kvalitativ och kvantitativ där lärare, genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och en enkätundersökning, möjliggjort datainsamlingen. Resultatet visar att lärare tillämpar läsfrämjande metoder och arbetssätt för att stimulera elevers läsintresse. Resultat visar också hur lärare anser att de inte hinner arbeta med läsning som de önskar och att elevers läsintresse till viss del påverkar en del lärares dagliga undervisning negativt.

This thesis investigates adult readers’ experiences of pleasure reading. The view of reading taken in this thesis is derived from reader-response theory. The theoretical framework consists of the idea that reading is a transaction between the reader and the text. Through semi-structured interviews with five readers, the role of pleasure reading in the context of the reader's life is explored. The thesis examines both the contribution that pleasure reading makes to the reader's life and, on the other hand, how the reader's life context and personal experiences affects the reading experience. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results confirm that the readers’ lives and personal experiences has a great impact on the reading experience and what the reader derive from reading. Interview responses show, in line with previous research, that the readers’ own preoccupations work as a filter so that the reader pays particular attention to parts of the text that address their lives. The results show that, when describing a good reading experience, readers highlight narrative or language in varying degrees. Also, the results show that through reading for pleasure a person's mindset and ideas can be transformed.

Identification has been a substantial topic for discussion in aesthetics and literature for a long time. Different views on what a text is has opened up for different approaches for how a reader should perceive and position herself in relation to a text. My specific take on the issue of identification is directed on how different theories and literary ideas have concerned itself with emotional and affective responses in the reader, I view this position through what is called postcritique, specifically with the works of Susan Sontag, Toril Moi and Rita Felski. The postcritical perspective have a significantly more positive look on reader involvement and emotional connections with a text which makes it an appropriate aim for discussion in contrast with for instance structuralism. The aim of this essay is to examine reader identification, its possibilities and functions in the literary field. I do this by attempting to unravel the lingering debate about reader involvement and identification which is shown in the texts by Sontag, Moi and Felski. Another part of this essay’s aim is to test the postcritical argument of the reader’s experience and importance to the text, which I mean have similarities with contemporary views on the importance of the individual’s formation of identity. The essay is divided into three parts: introduction, analysis and at last a critique of the postcritical arguments based on what is presented in the analysis. A conflict that is shown and discussed throughout the essay is whether reader involvement reveals the text itself or just the individual reader, which goes down to the base question of “what is the meaning of literature?” In the final part of the essay, concerning the postcritical arguments, I suggest that what is indeed thought to be a new, more broadened way of perceiving texts and literature, there is a focus on the individual in reading, which resembles the contemporary ideology of self-building and a therapeutic tendency which is present in our society. I question whether the postcritical approach truly have the ability to be a subversive reading practise in today’s society.

In a Mid-Atlantic school district, the administration of standardized assessments begins in third grade. Over the past 3 years, these assessments revealed that an average of 37% of third graders in the local district did not possess necessary reading skills, although over 86% of this group received intervention support in second and third grade. It is unclear how effective the implementations of various interventions are in instruction with struggling second graders to prepare them for the rigors of third grade. The purpose of this descriptive case study was to explore the perspectives of 9 second grade teachers on research-based interventions implemented to increase the reading skills of struggling second grade readers in 2 elementary schools. The bottom-up theory, which holds that reading is an automatic information process that allows readers to read fluently and comprehend without individual focus on any one reading element, guided this study. Research questions sought to identify research-based reading interventions and strategies participants implemented. Data collection occurred via semi-structured interviews, document review, and observational data obtained during second grade team meetings. Data were analyzed through descriptive and categorical coding to identify themes related to participants' perspectives on instructional practice. Results of the data analysis showed that the 9 teachers did not implement interventions according to the research-based guidelines. This finding led to a system-wide professional development focused on increasing teachers' capacities to implement interventions effectively. This study has the potential to promote positive social change by enhancing teachers' instructional delivery and increasing students' reading abilities.

The thesis deals with prefaces to the works of Friedrich Nietzsche, especially with those he wrote retrospectively. The goal of the thesis is to state what purposes Nietzsche meant to achieve with his prefaces and what literary strategies he used to achieve these purposes. The core assumption of the thesis is that Nietzsche decided to utilize his copyright and used his prefaces as a means to establish himself as an author. My approach is based on 20th century literary theories dealing with the concept of "the author" and on approaching the preface as a self-contained genre. Aside from the various literary strategies Nietzsche used in his prefaces, I will also focus on the work Ecce Homo treating it as one great preface to the whole lifework of Nietzsche. Keywords: Nietzsche, author, reader, authorial strategies, preface, author's posture

This master's thesis deals with design and implementation of program unit Access System for BUT Information System Apollo. The goal of this work is to analyze Oracle technology and chosen database schemes of access system. After that use results of analysis to design and to implement of application which provide functionality to creating access to the identification cards readers and support inspection of passing through identification cards readers. Project is creating in Borland Delphi 7.