El objetivo general del presente trabajo de investigación es proponer un modelo de gobierno de datos para una empresa ajustadora y de perito de seguros, que permita convertir la información en valor estratégico, a través de una gestión efectiva de los activos de información. El primer capítulo presenta y analiza el marco teórico, normativo y conceptual que describe a las empresas y el entorno del sector de ajuste y perito de seguros. Asimismo, se introducen y analizan diversos marcos y normas relacionados a la gobernanza de datos que se usarán en el desarrollo del presente trabajo de investigación. El segundo capítulo describe la situación actual de la empresa, detallando su entorno interno y externo, su problemática actual e identifica los puntos de dolor con referencia al uso, procesamiento, integración y seguridad de los datos e información que viene afrontando, concluyendo con el impacto económico y riesgos que significa para la empresa las debilidades identificadas. El tercer capítulo expone la propuesta del modelo para la solución al problema descrito, la que se agrupa en cinco aspectos: objetivos, situación actual del gobierno de datos, la propuesta del modelo de gobierno de datos, la factibilidad económica de la propuesta y los beneficios esperados del modelo planteado. Finalmente, el último capítulo detalla las conclusiones asociadas al presente trabajo y recomendaciones que permitan cumplir con el objetivo de obtener el mayor beneficio para la empresa con una adecuada gobernanza de datos. / The general objective of this research project is to propose a data governance model for an expertise and insurance adjustment settlement company, which enables converting information into a strategic value through effective management of information assets. The first chapter presents and analyzes the theoretical, normative and conceptual framework that describes the companies and its environment of the adjustment and insurance expertise sector. In the same way, various frameworks and standards related to data governance will be used in the development of this research project are introduced and analyzed. The second chapter describes the company’s current situation, detailing its internal and external environment, current problems and identifies the pain points with reference to the use, processing, integration and security of the data and information the company has been facing, concluding with the impact economic and risks that the identified weaknesses mean for the company. The third chapter presents the proposal of the model for the solution to the problem described, which is grouped into five aspects: the objectives, the current situation of data governance, the proposal of the data governance model, the economic feasibility and the benefits expected of the proposed model. Finally, the last chapter details the conclusions associated with this research project and recommendations in order to fulfil with the aim to obtain a much profit for the company with adequate data governance. / Trabajo de investigación

Thèse de doctorat présenté en vue de l'obtention du doctorat en psychologie - recherche intervention, option neuropsychologie clinique (Ph.D) / Les jeux vidéo d’actions sont exigeants d’un point de vue cognitif, c’est notamment pourquoi ils sont considérés comme les plus susceptibles d’influencer la cognition (Spence & Feng, 2010). Plusieurs études indiquent que les joueurs de jeux vidéo d’action performent mieux que les non-joueurs sur plusieurs fonctions cognitives, telles que l’attention, la vitesse de traitement, mémoire à court terme et la mémoire de travail (Bediou et al., 2018; Dye et al., 2009; Green & Bavelier, 2006; Powers & Brooks, 2014). Néanmoins, notre compréhension du lien entre la pratique de jeux vidéo d’action et la cognition demeure incomplète. La caractérisation cognitive de l’expertise en jeu vidéo d’action est une avenue intéressante et peu explorée afin de contribuer à l’avancement des connaissances sur le lien entre la pratique de jeux vidéo et la cognition. Les joueurs professionnels de jeux vidéo sont des individus pouvant performer selon les plus hauts standards dans leur domaine, ce qui renvoie à la définition d’experts-élites (Reimann & Markauskaite, 2018). L’étude de l’expertise s’est illustrée comme étant un angle complémentaire permettant l’approfondissement des connaissances empiriques et théoriques. La présente thèse s’intéresse donc à la cognition des joueurs professionnels de jeux vidéo d’action en comparant leur profil neuropsychologique à celui d’un groupe de joueurs amateur. Dans le premier article, les groupes sont comparés sur plusieurs mesures neuropsychologiques. Les joueurs professionnels se sont distingués sur les mesures du fonctionnement attentionnel, de la mémoire à court terme visuelle, de la mémoire de travail, de la vitesse de traitement et sur le plan des capacités perceptivo-cognitives. Le second article approfondit la caractérisation attentionnelle des joueurs en évaluant la résolution temporelle de l’attention et l’attention divisée via une tâche attentionnelle impliquant la poursuite d’une ou trois cibles dans une trajectoire circulaire. Les joueurs professionnels se sont démarqués des amateurs pour chacune des tâches et le coût de l’augmentation de la difficulté sur la performance est significativement moindre pour les professionnels en comparaison aux amateurs, suggérant un avantage significatif sur le plan de l’attention divisée. Les résultats présentés dans le cadre de cette thèse mettent en lumière le profil cognitif distinctif des joueurs professionnels en jeux vidéo d’action qui semble s’articuler à l’entour d’un contrôle attentionnel supérieur. Ainsi, l’identification de différences entre les joueurs professionnels et amateurs démontre l’hétérogénéité parmi l’ensemble des joueurs de jeux vidéo, ce qui a des implications méthodologiques dans la constitution des groupes pour les recherches futures. D’autre part, l’identification du contrôle attentionnel comme étant un marqueur de l’expertise en jeux vidéo est susceptible d’orienter les recherches futures et de contribuer à l’approfondissement théorique et empirique du lien entre la pratique de jeux vidéo et la cognition. / Several studies indicate that action video game players perform better than non-gamers on a variety of cognitive functions, such as attention, processing speed, short-term memory, and working memory (Bediou et al., 2018; Dye et al., 2009; Green & Bavelier, 2006; Powers & Brooks, 2014). Nevertheless, our understanding of the link between action video gaming and cognition remains incomplete. The characterization of expertise and elite performance is an interesting yet understudied avenue that could help deepen the understanding of the relationship between video game experience and cognition. Professional video game players can be considered as experts-elites in their discipline as they can perform at the highest standards (Reimann & Markauskaite, 2018). In many other fields, the study of expertise has been shown to be a complementary angle to advance empirical and theoretical knowledge. The present thesis investigates the cognition of professional action video game players by comparing their neuropsychological profile to a group of amateur players. In the first paper, several neuropsychological measures are used to compare the two groups of players. Professional gamers had greater performances on measures of attentional function, visual short-term memory, working memory, processing speed, and perceptual-cognitive abilities when compared to amateurs. The second article further characterizes the players' attentional function by assessing temporal resolution of attention and divided attention via an attentional tracking task that requires them to follow one or three targets at various speeds. Professional players outperformed amateurs on both tasks and the impact of increasing difficulty on performance was significantly lower for professionals than for amateurs, suggesting a significant advantage in divided attention. Results presented in this thesis highlight the distinctive cognitive profile of professional action video game players, which appears to be articulated around superior attentional control. Thus, the identification of differences between professional and amateur gamers demonstrates the heterogeneity among video game players, which has methodological implications for groups formation for future research. Furthermore, the identification of attentional control as a marker of video game expertise is likely to guide future research and contribute to the theoretical and empirical investigation of the link between video gaming and cognition.

Information exchange is increasing rapidly with the advent of globalization. As the language spoken by the most people in today's world, Chinese will play an important role in information exchange in the future. Therefore, we need an efficient and practical means to access the increasingly large volume of Chinese data. This thesis describes a target-dominant Chinese-English machine translation system, which can translate a given Chinese news sentence into English. We conjecture that we can improve the state of the art of MT using a TDMT approach. This system has participated in the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) 2004 machine translation competition. Experimental results on Penn Chinese Treebank corpus show that a machine translation system adopting a target-dominant approach is promising.

No description available.

This research aims to investigate the impact of social media influencer’s credibility dimensions (Trustworthiness, Attractiveness, and Expertise), in shaping consumer's behaviour (Purchasing intention of customers and customer's attitude towards the brand). This proposed theoretical framework is based on social learning theory and the theoretical implications of the previous literature which is related to social media influencer marketing. For this empirical study, the data has been collected from Pakistani consumers who are following social media influencers who share and endorse products related to the fashion industry. Data is collected from 149 individuals out of which 135 were valid respondents.  Results reveal that social media influencer's credibility dimension (Trustworthiness, Attractiveness, and Expertise) positively influence the customer’s attitude towards the brands as well as the purchase intentions of the customers. In addition, the study has significance for social media influencers in the fashion and style sector in terms of understanding the factors of followers' devotion to them and the noticeable effects of followers' allegiance on their behaviour. This study adds to the literature on social media influencer marketing by demonstrating the importance of follower’s perspective towards the social media influencers. Previous studies lack in providing the Pakistan perspective related to social media influencermarketing and this research attempts to fulfill that gap. Another important aspect of this study is that the pictures of influencers have been used to conduct this research.

[pt] O abuso sexual infantil (ASI) é um fenômeno de extrema complexidade, considerado como uma das mais graves formas de violação de direitos humanos. São necessárias intervenções terapêuticas e judiciais. Quando ocorrido no seio familiar, além das medidas que interrompam a violência e responsabilizem o agressor, é imprescindível o tratamento da criança e da família. O presente estudo investigou as práticas em avaliação psicológica realizadas pelos psicólogos forenses do judiciário fluminense nos processos judiciais envolvendo suspeita de abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar. Para tanto, foram entrevistados seis psicólogos forenses vinculados ao Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (TJRJ). Entre os participantes estão quatro analistas judiciários ocupando cargos de psicólogos e duas psicólogas peritas judiciais. A partir da análise de conteúdo de Bardin, emergiram três categorias: avaliação psicológica: percepções e recursos; perícias psicológicas em casos de abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar; e dificuldades dos psicólogos forenses no contexto do TJRJ. Concluímos que as práticas avaliativas são diversas e que há pouca abertura para a utilização de instrumentos psicológicos além das entrevistas. O espaçamento temporal entre a ocorrência da violência e a perícia, o alto volume de trabalho e os curtos prazos processuais foram complicadores referidos por todos os participantes. Evidenciamos que as limitações inerentes ao contexto forense interferem na sistematização do processo avaliativo e na escolha dos procedimentos a serem utilizados nas perícias judiciais. Destacamos a importância de mais estudos sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos psicólogos no campo forense em razão das particularidades de cada estado brasileiro. / [en] Child sexual abuse is a phenomenon of extreme complexity, considered one of the most serious forms of human rights violation. Therapeutic and judicial interventions are required. When it occurs within the family, in addition to measures that stop the violence and hold the aggressor accountable, the treatment of the child and the family is essential. The present study investigated the practices in psychological assessment carried out by forensic psychologists of the Rio de Janeiro judiciary in judicial proceedings involving suspected intrafamilial child sexual abuse. For that, 6 forensic psychologists linked to the Court of Justice of the State of Rio de Janeiro were interviewed. Among the participants are four judicial analysts occupying positions of psychologists and two psychologists who are judicial experts. From Bardin s content analysis, three categories emerged: psychological assessment: perceptions and resources; psychological expertise in cases of intrafamilial child sexual abuse and difficulties faced by forensic psychologists in the context of the Court of Justice. We concluded that the evaluative practices are diverse and there is little opening for the use of psychological instruments besides the interviews. The temporal spacing between the occurrence of violence and the expertise, the high volume of work and the short procedural deadlines were complicating factors mentioned by all participants. We evidenced that the limitations inherent to the forensic context interfere in the systematization of the evaluation process and in the choice of procedures to be used in the judicial expertise. We emphasize the importance of further studies on the difficulties faced by psychologists in the forensic field due to the particularities of each Brazilian state.

Current approaches to teaching creative writers the ways to success in creative writing courses consist largely of workshop style classes. While workshops often vary from class to class in style, generally a workshop will consist of a group of writers, led by a mentor/instructor, who exchange drafts and provide reader and writer focused feedback to the author. Yet because the workshop approach has not been the subject of close empirical study, it is unclear whether it is an effective pedagogy. This thesis serves two purposes. First, it presents an argument for new research into creative writing pedagogy and creative writers' processes and suggests that any future research should take an empirical turn. However, because creative writing has developed few theories or methods useful for the empirical study of creative writing, I suggest adopting theories and methods from the field of rhetoric and composition. The second part of this thesis is an empirical study of three creative writing undergraduate students in an introductory creative writing course over one semester. This study uses qualitative methods: semi-structured retrospective interviews, close textual analysis, and in-class observations to understand how creative writers are enculturated into the creative writing community using Christine Tardy's theories of acquiring genre expertise as a framework for analysis. Based on this research this study concludes that while creative writers enculturate in different ways, based on several factors, all creative writers develop greater awareness of genre complexity, authorial identity, and intermodal influences on their writing. Furthermore, this study recommends further case studies into creative writers writing processes and the effectiveness of various workshop models on student enculturation. ?

Final qualifying work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of medical and economic expertise as one of the main types of quality control of medical care. The subject of research is а set of economic relations arising in the process of implementing modern control over the quality of medical care through the system of compulsory medical insurance in the Sverdlovsk region. The main purpose of the master's thesis is to evaluate medical and economic expertise as the main way of efficiently spending OMS and studying the main problems of financing various measures to improve the control and quality of medical care in the compulsory medical insurance system. In conclusion, an assessment of the effectiveness of primary and repeated medical and economic examinations is given, recommendations and ways of solving the proЫems of financing measures to improve the control and quality of medical care are indicated. / Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию медико-экономической экспертизе как одного из основных видов контроля качества медицинской помощи. Предметом исследования является совокупность экономических отношений, возникающих в процессе реализации современного контроля над качеством медицинской помощи через систему обязательного медицинского страхования в Свердловской области. Основной целью магистерской диссертации является оценка медико­экономической экспертизы как основной способ эффективности расходования средств ОМС и изучение основных проблем финансирования различных мероприятий по улучшению контроля и качества медицинской помощи в системе обязательного медицинского страхования. В заключении дана оценка результативности проведения первичных и повторных медико-экономических экспертиз, обозначены рекомендации и пути решения проблем финансирования мероприятий по улучшению контроля и качества медицинской помощи.

Structural changes in the knowledge economy have greatly affected the way business is conducted and the processes firms create value. The financial reporting system is inadequate as a result of such changes, and disclosure of intellectual capital (IC) information has gained importance for communicating with capital markets. Empirical research documents corporate governance (CG) factors influencing IC disclosure practices, as well as demonstrates the value-relevance and predictive power of IC information. The disclosure of IC information by listed firms is a topic that has attracted considerable attention from contemporary researchers, but scant empirical evidence exists. Much of the researchers has examined CG as a key determinant of IC (and nonfinancial) disclosure; in contrast, few provides evidence for explaining their controversial findings of board independence on disclosure. In addition, a lack of studies confirms the literature about the use of IC information by capital market participants. Therefore, this thesis aims to examine disclosure of IC information in relation to outside directors, auditors, and sell-side analysts respectively. The specific objectives of this thesis are to examine whether outside directors’ expertise is a determinant of IC disclosure; and the extent to which the disclosure of IC information impacts on audit effort and analysts’ forecasts. In order to address these research objectives, a content analysis of IC disclosure (a self-constructed index of 64 coded items) in strategic reports released by FTST 350 companies is used. The content analysis captures and measures IC disclosure by category (i.e., human, structural & relational capital), notion (i.e., static vs. dynamic), and connection (i.e., across categories vs. with strategies). Using multivariate regression models that were primarily developed upon information asymmetry arguments and agency theory, the specific objectives of this thesis are addressed in three empirical chapters. The findings in Chapter 3 showed that proportion of outside directors (NEDs) with cross-directorship, nonaccounting and academia expertise has a positive association with IC disclosures, whereas board independence itself has no effect on the disclosures. The findings indicates that the monitoring role of NEDs alone is inadequate in promoting IC disclosure. Rather, it supports the importance of the dual role (i.e., monitor and advisory) of a supervisory board. The results also respond to the UK CG Code in their recommendation that the combination of skills, experience and knowledge guarantees a sound information environment to the market. Nonetheless, findings raised a further concern about the quantity of IC disclosures when companies have more NEDs with accounting expertise. On whether and how disclosure of IC information impacts on audit effort, Chapter 4 found that firms with high levels of IC disclosure in the previous year pay more audit fees (proxied for audit effort) in the current year regardless of their earnings quality conditions. It was also found that firms greatly disclosing dynamic IC information are charged more than those of focusing on static IC disclosure. In addition, findings in Chapter 5 revealed that there is a negative relation between IC disclosure and analyst forecast errors, indicating that UK sell-side analysts appreciate the disclosure of IC information and thus confirming that IC information has predictive ability of explaining a firm’s future value. It was further identified that disclosed IC information absorbs the negative effect of concentrated executive ownership and opaque financial environment. Overall, the results of this thesis suggest that IC reporting process could be improved by having sufficient outside directors with certain types of expertise on the board. In doing so, improved IC disclosure helps to reduce information asymmetry (proxied by analyst forecast accuracy) between firms and outside investors, albeit firms bear a significant increase in audit fees. This study calls for guidelines for IC disclosure in the UK and the support of assurance services to enhance credibility of firm-provided IC information in a bid to promote the communication of IC information with the capital market.

Thèse de doctorat présenté en vue de l'obtention du doctorat en psychologie - recherche intervention, option neuropsychologie clinique (Ph.D) / Les prodiges musicaux sont des musiciens qui ont atteint un niveau de performance exceptionnel, et ce avant l’adolescence. Les premières études à leur sujet ont été écrites il y a plus de 100 ans. Malgré tout, les données psychologiques sur les prodiges musicaux sont rares. Une des théories influentes concernant l’acquisition de l’expertise est celle de la pratique délibérée, selon laquelle le développement du talent se fait essentiellement avec la pratique. La précocité du talent des prodiges paraît défier cette notion et suggère la présence de prédispositions biologiques. D’autres modèles théoriques proposent une vision davantage multifactorielle du développement de l’expertise. La présente thèse vise à révéler les caractéristiques psychologiques des prodiges en utilisant une méthodologie empirique. L'objectif général est de déterminer en quoi ces musiciens exceptionnels se démarquent des autres. En premier lieu, une étude transversale avait comme objectif de déterminer si la pratique, l’intelligence et la personnalité font des prodiges des musiciens à part. Pour ce faire, nous avons recruté 19 prodiges musicaux et les avons comparés à 35 musiciens qui ont soit débuté leur pratique musicale tôt (vers 6 ans) ou plus tard (vers 10 ans), mais qui ont une quantité similaire d’année d’expérience musicale au moment de l’évaluation, ainsi qu’à 16 non-musiciens. Les participants ont tous complété une échelle d’intelligence de Wechsler, l’inventaire de personnalité du Big Five, le quotient du spectre de l’autisme, le Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire, le Dispositional Flow Scale, et un historique détaillé de leur pratique musicale. Nos résultats indiquent qu’aucun des traits psychologiques ne distingue les prodiges des autres, hormis la propension à être dans un état de flow lors de la pratique musicale. D’autres aspects différenciant les prodiges étaient l’intensité de leur pratique avant l’adolescence, ainsi que la source de leur motivation lorsqu’ils ont commencé à jouer de leur instrument. En second lieu, nous avons étudié un virtuose de la guitare atteint du syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette, qui apprend très rapidement de nouvelles pièces. Pour ce faire, nous avons comparé sa vitesse d'apprentissage d'une nouvelle pièce à 3 autres guitaristes expérimentés et nous l'avons également comparé à un échantillon contrôle de musiciens (N = 15) sur une variété de tâches; apprentissage musical et verbal, perception musicale, mémoire de travail, QI et propension au flow. La structure et le fonctionnement de son cerveau ont également été analysés à l’aide de l’imagerie par résonance magnétique. Les résultats indiquent que le prodige peut apprendre davantage de notes que ses pairs en un temps donné, tout en étant plus musical. Celui-ci était également un des meilleurs pour percevoir et apprendre de nouvelles mélodies. Son QI était comparable à ses pairs, mais sa mémoire de travail auditivo-verbale et visuo-spatiale était supérieure à celle de ses pairs et de la population générale. Mis ensemble, nos résultats indiquent que les prodiges musicaux sont caractérisés par une diversité de trajectoires développementales, et que la pratique seule ne fait pas le prodige. Nos résultats sont compatibles avec les modèles multifactoriels de l’expertise. Plusieurs facteurs sont à l’œuvre ; la pratique intensive précoce, le flow, la motivation, et parfois la présence de conditions neurodéveloppementales et d’habiletés musicales et mnésiques supérieures. Les données suggèrent aussi que la douance musicale est un phénomène distinct de la douance intellectuelle. / Musical prodigies attained an exceptionally high level of performance before adolescence. The first studies on musical prodigies were published more than a hundred years ago. Nevertheless, empirical data on musical prodigies is scarce. An influent theory of expertise development is the deliberate practice view, which stipulates that talent is essentially developed through deliberate practice. Prodigies’ talent precocity apparently defies this assumption and suggests biological predispositions. Other theoretical models offer instead a multifactorial viewpoint of expertise development. This thesis aims to reveal musical prodigies’ psychological characteristics using empirical methods. The general goal is to determine on which levels do these extraordinary musicians stand out from their peers. First, a cross-sectional study aimed to determine if practice, intelligence and personality make prodigies stand out from their musician peers. To do so, we recruited 19 musical prodigies and compared them to 35 musicians who began their musical practice early on (around 6 years old) or later (around 10 years old), but who accumulated similar amounts of years of practice at the moment of testing, as well as 16 nonmusicians. Participants were administered a Wechsler intelligence scale, the Big Five personality inventory, the autism spectrum quotient, the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire, the Dispositional Flow Scale and the history of their lifetime practice. Results indicate that no psychological traits distinguish prodigies, except propension to experience flow during music practice. The other aspects differentiating prodigies were intense and precocious practice as well as the source of their motivation when they began to play. Second, we studied a guitar virtuoso with a Tourette syndrome who can allegedly learn new pieces very fast. To do so, we compared his learning speed of a new guitar piece to that of 3 other experienced guitarists. We also compared him to a sample of 15 control musicians on a variety of tasks; musical and verbal learning, musical perception, working memory, IQ and propension to experience flow. Brain structure and function was also analysed through magnetic resonance imaging. Results indicate that the prodigy can learn more notes than his peers in a given time, whilst being more musical. He was also better to perceive and learn new melodies. His IQ was comparable to his peers, but his working auditory and visual-spatial working memory were superior to his peers as well as the general population. Together, our results suggest that musical prodigies are characterized by a diversity of developmental trajectory. They also suggest that practice alone does not make a prodigy. Our results support multifactorial models of expertise. Multiple factors are at play ; intensive and precocious practice, flow, motivation, and sometimes neurodevelopmental conditions or particular musical or memory abilities. Data also suggest that musical giftedness and intellectual giftedness are two separate phenomena.