Die vorliegende Arbeit entwickelt einen Vorschlag für einen neuen, kompakteren Fragebogen mit dem Akronym „BaFEK-45“ zur Diagnostik von Essstörungen, der auf einer statistischen Analyse von Daten aus fünf bereits etablierten Fragebogen (ANIS, EAT – 26, FBeK, EDI – 2, EDES) mit einer Gesamtzahl von 231 Items basiert. Dabei wurden die Antworten von Patientinnen aus den 1990er- und 2000er-Jahren der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters der Universität Leipzig ausgewertet. Auf Grundlage zweier „Signalfragen“ zu Ess-Anfällen wurden die Fragebogen-Serien in drei Gruppen (anorektisch, bulimisch und grenzwertig) eingeteilt, daraufhin konnte eine Analyse zu den Unterschieden im Antwortverhalten zwischen eben diesen Gruppe vorgenommen werden. Nach einem auf dieser Analyse basierenden Auswahlverfahren wurden die verbliebenen Items einer mehrstufigen Faktorenanalyse und kritischen inhaltlichen Differenzierung unterzogen. An deren Ende steht der o.g. Vorschlag eines neuen Diagnostikinstruments, das sich aus 45 Fragen in fünf Skalen zusammensetzt.

A partir da problematização do conceito de Transtornos Alimentares, esta dissertação busca investigar a nossa relação com o corpo, colocando em discussão as práticas normativas que constituem nossos modos de vida. Diante de um certo padrão estético que associa o corpo com a beleza e a imagem de sucesso, pretendemos problematizar o contexto social no qual os Transtornos Alimentares vêm sendo produzidos. Para isso, utilizaremos como recorte a análise da anorexia e bulimia. De difícil tratamento e de grande morbidade, os sintomas dessa psicopatologia refletem uma preocupação excessiva com o peso, a imagem corporal e o medo de engordar. Nosso interesse é contribuir para essa discussão, saindo de uma perspectiva individualizante voltada para a jovem anorética e/ou bulímica e as interações disfuncionais do seu sistema familiar, passando a considerar os transtornos alimentares como um dispositivo que denuncia o extremismo na forma de pensar, sentir e experimentar o corpo em nossa sociedade. Assim, nosso objetivo é apresentar alguns subsídios que permitam deslocar essa questão do âmbito exclusivo da experiência individual para uma análise das práticas sociais de relação com o corpo que habitam a experiência contemporânea, entendendo os transtornos alimentares, na atualidade, como a exacerbação de um sintoma social. / Based on the problematization of the concept of eating disorders, this paper aims on the investigation of our relation with the body, discussing the normative practices that constitute our ways of life. From an esthetic standard that relates the body with the beauty and success, we intend to problematize the social context where the eating disorders have been produced. To achieve this objective, we base our study on the anorexia and bulimia analysis. The symptoms of this psychopathology of difficult treatment reflect an excessive worry about the weight, corporal image and of getting fatter. Our interest is to contribute to this discussion, leaving from an individual perspective focused on the anorectic and/or bulimic young and the dysfunctional interactions of his/her familiar system, shifting the focus to the eating disorders as a device that denunciates the extremism in the way of thinking, feeling and experiencing the body in our society. Therefore, our objective is to present some subsidies that allow us to dislocate this matter from the exclusive scope of individual experience to an analysis of the social practices of the relation with the body that resides the contemporary experience, considering the eating disorders in the present as the exacerbation of a social symptom.

A partir da problematização do conceito de Transtornos Alimentares, esta dissertação busca investigar a nossa relação com o corpo, colocando em discussão as práticas normativas que constituem nossos modos de vida. Diante de um certo padrão estético que associa o corpo com a beleza e a imagem de sucesso, pretendemos problematizar o contexto social no qual os Transtornos Alimentares vêm sendo produzidos. Para isso, utilizaremos como recorte a análise da anorexia e bulimia. De difícil tratamento e de grande morbidade, os sintomas dessa psicopatologia refletem uma preocupação excessiva com o peso, a imagem corporal e o medo de engordar. Nosso interesse é contribuir para essa discussão, saindo de uma perspectiva individualizante voltada para a jovem anorética e/ou bulímica e as interações disfuncionais do seu sistema familiar, passando a considerar os transtornos alimentares como um dispositivo que denuncia o extremismo na forma de pensar, sentir e experimentar o corpo em nossa sociedade. Assim, nosso objetivo é apresentar alguns subsídios que permitam deslocar essa questão do âmbito exclusivo da experiência individual para uma análise das práticas sociais de relação com o corpo que habitam a experiência contemporânea, entendendo os transtornos alimentares, na atualidade, como a exacerbação de um sintoma social. / Based on the problematization of the concept of eating disorders, this paper aims on the investigation of our relation with the body, discussing the normative practices that constitute our ways of life. From an esthetic standard that relates the body with the beauty and success, we intend to problematize the social context where the eating disorders have been produced. To achieve this objective, we base our study on the anorexia and bulimia analysis. The symptoms of this psychopathology of difficult treatment reflect an excessive worry about the weight, corporal image and of getting fatter. Our interest is to contribute to this discussion, leaving from an individual perspective focused on the anorectic and/or bulimic young and the dysfunctional interactions of his/her familiar system, shifting the focus to the eating disorders as a device that denunciates the extremism in the way of thinking, feeling and experiencing the body in our society. Therefore, our objective is to present some subsidies that allow us to dislocate this matter from the exclusive scope of individual experience to an analysis of the social practices of the relation with the body that resides the contemporary experience, considering the eating disorders in the present as the exacerbation of a social symptom.

A partir da problematização do conceito de Transtornos Alimentares, esta dissertação busca investigar a nossa relação com o corpo, colocando em discussão as práticas normativas que constituem nossos modos de vida. Diante de um certo padrão estético que associa o corpo com a beleza e a imagem de sucesso, pretendemos problematizar o contexto social no qual os Transtornos Alimentares vêm sendo produzidos. Para isso, utilizaremos como recorte a análise da anorexia e bulimia. De difícil tratamento e de grande morbidade, os sintomas dessa psicopatologia refletem uma preocupação excessiva com o peso, a imagem corporal e o medo de engordar. Nosso interesse é contribuir para essa discussão, saindo de uma perspectiva individualizante voltada para a jovem anorética e/ou bulímica e as interações disfuncionais do seu sistema familiar, passando a considerar os transtornos alimentares como um dispositivo que denuncia o extremismo na forma de pensar, sentir e experimentar o corpo em nossa sociedade. Assim, nosso objetivo é apresentar alguns subsídios que permitam deslocar essa questão do âmbito exclusivo da experiência individual para uma análise das práticas sociais de relação com o corpo que habitam a experiência contemporânea, entendendo os transtornos alimentares, na atualidade, como a exacerbação de um sintoma social. / Based on the problematization of the concept of eating disorders, this paper aims on the investigation of our relation with the body, discussing the normative practices that constitute our ways of life. From an esthetic standard that relates the body with the beauty and success, we intend to problematize the social context where the eating disorders have been produced. To achieve this objective, we base our study on the anorexia and bulimia analysis. The symptoms of this psychopathology of difficult treatment reflect an excessive worry about the weight, corporal image and of getting fatter. Our interest is to contribute to this discussion, leaving from an individual perspective focused on the anorectic and/or bulimic young and the dysfunctional interactions of his/her familiar system, shifting the focus to the eating disorders as a device that denunciates the extremism in the way of thinking, feeling and experiencing the body in our society. Therefore, our objective is to present some subsidies that allow us to dislocate this matter from the exclusive scope of individual experience to an analysis of the social practices of the relation with the body that resides the contemporary experience, considering the eating disorders in the present as the exacerbation of a social symptom.

Introdução: A alteração da percepção da imagem corporal (IC) está relacionada à busca pelo considerado corpo ideal, padrão este resultado de uma construção histórica influenciada pelo meio sociocultural e também por fatores individuais. Tais fatores, aliados às exigências dos esportes de competição (como performance, adequação de peso e massa corporal), ao stress e à ansiedade consequentes, e também ao fato de que o ambiente esportivo pode ser um meio ampliador de pressões socioculturais motivadas pelo ideal de corpo magro, contribuem para que os atletas sejam uma população vulnerável à insatisfação corporal e possam constituir, consequentemente, um grupo de risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares (TA). Considerados transtornos mentais e comportamentais, entende-se que os TA são também diretamente influenciados pela família, cujo funcionamento pode ser determinante do bem-estar e da saúde física e emocional do indivíduo. Objetivos: Investigar fatores associados ao risco para transtornos alimentares em corredores de média e longa distância adolescentes e adultos de ambos os sexos. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com corredores adolescentes do projeto social Kiatleta do São Paulo Futebol Clube e com corredores adultos que treinam no Campus da Cidade Universitária por meio de instrumentos que foram aplicados em sequência lógica: o questionário socioeconômico e demográfico, o Apgar Familiar, o Teste de Atitude Alimentar (Eating Attitudes Test EAT-26) e a Escala de Silhuetas de Stunkard, além da coleta de medidas antropométricas para avaliação do estado nutricional. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados de forma descritiva, comparativa e estatística a fim de correlacionar as variáveis relativas a gênero, perfil socioeconômico e demográfico dos atletas e de suas famílias, qualidade do funcionamento familiar e ocorrência de insatisfação corporal ao risco para TA. Resultados: As variáveis analisadas indicaram maior risco para TA e distorção de IC na população adulta feminina e uma parcela significativa de risco para TA e de distorção de IC em corredores adolescentes do sexo masculino. Insatisfação corporal e família disfuncional estiveram associados ao risco para TA. Conclusão: A prevenção de transtornos alimentares em corredores de média e longa distância devem considerar o atleta de forma integral, como alguém que precisa não apenas de treinamento esportivo, mas também de orientação segura sobre alimentação e de apoio familiar saudável. / Introduction: Change in the perception of body image (BI) is related to the search for the ideal body, a pattern that is the result of a historical construction influenced by sociocultural environment and personal factors. These factors, linked to demands of competitive sports (such as performance, weight and body mass adequacy), to stress, to inevitable anxiety, and also to the fact that sports atmosphere can be an amplifying way to sociocultural pressure motivated by the ideal of a thin body, contribute to the vulnerability and BI distortion of athletes and may build, consequently, an eating disorder (ED) risk group. Eating disorders are considered mental and behavioral disorders and are also directly influenced by family. A family way of functioning may determine a person\'s emotional and physical health and also her/his well-being. Objectives: the investigation of associated risk factors to eating disorders in average and long distance adolescents and adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study with adolescent runners from Kiatleta do São Paulo Futebol clube project and adult runners that train in the Campus of São Paulo University. This study applied instruments in a logical sequence: a socioeconomic and demographic questionnaire, Family Apgar, Eating Attitudes Test EAT-26, the Stunkard Silhouettes Scale and data from anthropometric measures to assess nutritional status. The results were analyzed in a descriptive, comparative and statistical way in order to see variables related to genre, social, economic and demographic profile of athletes and its families, family functioning quality and relation of the distortion in BI to predisposition of eating disorder development. Results: The variables indicated higher incidence of ED and body dissatisfaction in adult females and a significant group for ED and body dissatisfaction in adolescent male runners. Body dissatisfaction and dysfunctional family are associated to eating disorder risk. Conclusion: The prevention of eating disorders on average and long distance runners must consider the athlete as a whole, as a person that needs not only sport training, but also a healthy family support and a safe guidance for eating.

Eating disorders can lead to a negative impact on students' academic growth, nutrition and can cause death (Claude-Pierre, 1997; Manley, Rickson, & Standeven, 2000; Romeo, 1996). Early intervention by referring students to professional counseling might help counter these negative consequences. The teacher is in the position to assist students by providing health information, identifying those with problems, and intervening for a variety of dysfunctions that may include the eating disorders called anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (Myers-Clark & Christopher, 2000). However teachers are in a difficult position to know when to address student concerns and judge what action to take (Ransley,1999). Teachers' engagement seems crucial (Smolak, Harris, Levine, & Shisslak, 2001) since eating disorders are being identified in younger children.The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the relationships of the theoretical constructs, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control of the theory of planned behavior as predictors of behavioral intention (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980) of middle school teachers to identify and refer suspected anorexia nervosa (AN) and/or bulimia nervosa (BN) students for professional help; and (b) the actual behavior of middle school teachers who reported having ever referred a student suspected of having AN and BN and those teachers who reported not having made such a referral. One hundred fourteen middle school teachers in Broward County, Florida volunteered to participate in the ex post facto research. Data were collected from a questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the constructs of subjective norm (perception of what others think about one's performance of behavior combined with motivation to comply) and perceived behavioral control (perception regarding the extent of the difficulty of performing the behavior) were predictive of teachers' intent (likelihood of engaging in a behavior) to refer. However, the analysis revealed that attitude (overall positive or negative feeling with respect to performing the behavior) was not predictive of teachers' intent. Discriminant function analysis revealed that both intent and perceived behavioral control were predictive of group membership, either having referred a student suspected of having an eating disorder for counseling or not having made such a referral. Attitude and subjective norm were not predictive of group membership.

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No description available.

Female athletes have been established as a high-risk group for disordered eating due to the high prevalence rates of clinical (i.e., 1.9% to 19.9%) and subclinical eating disorders (i.e., 7.1% to 49.2%). To date, only a few studies have examined the long-term stability of eating disorders in collegiate female athletes, a design that will allow examination of change in prevalence rates over time. Additionally, researchers have attempted to identify psychosocial risk factors in the development of disordered eating, but short time frames (e.g., competitive season, one year) during which data was collected have limited their findings. The current study investigated the progression in prevalence of eating disorder classification (i.e., eating disordered [ED], subclinical ED, asymptomatic), pathogenic weight control behaviors (e.g., laxative use, vomiting), and the predictive ability of psychosocial risk factors (e.g., body dissatisfaction, negative affect) from the time in which female athletes were active collegiate competitors (Time 1) to a time six years later, in which the women were retired (Time 2). By Time 2, the women were categorized as asymptomatic (69.9%), subclinical ED (26.9%), and clinical ED (3.1%). The prevalence of those who were disordered (i.e., either subclinical or clinical ED) increased from 22.8% (Time 1) to 30.1% (Time 2). The athletes, both as active competitors and retired, reported using exercise and dieting/fasting as the most frequent forms of weight control, but to a much lesser degree when retired. The full model explained 14.9% to 21.1% of the variance in disordered eating categories, and correctly classified 73.6% of the athletes in the sample. Dietary intent and sadness significantly predicted their being classified in the disordered eating group. Early intervention efforts that address eating, body image concerns, proper nutrition, and how to eat healthfully when athletes are competing are important and may help to alleviate future distress. Additional clinical implications and limitations are discussed.

Inledning: Inom ätstörningsbehandling arbetar man ofta i tvärprofessionella team, olika professioner med olika teoretisk kunskap och inriktning. Finns det egentligen någon gemensam bas dem emellan och vad skulle den kunna vara? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det finns en gemensam bas mellan professioner i arbetet med ätstörningspatienter. Frågeställningar: Finns det någon gemensam bas olika professioner emellan inom ätstörningsvården? Om, hur skulle den kunna tas till vara? Metod: Studien är kvalitativ. Fem personer med olika professioner inom ätstörningsvården intervjuades; en arbetsterapeut, sjuksköterska, dietist, psykolog/psykoterapeut och en sjukgymnast. Resultaten: Resultatet i denna studie visar att det hos terapeuterna finns en samsyn i relation till ätstörningsproblematik, dess uppkomst, vård och behandling, baserat på affekternas roll. En del av problematiken hos den ätstörda handlar om känslor och affekter som behöver hitta rätt känslomässiga uttryck istället för att ta sig uttryck genom maten. Den egna viljan och motivationen till att bli frisk finns med i mötet med patienten i form av motivationsarbete oavsett profession. Slutsats: För att ätstörningsbehandlingen ska nå framgång är det viktigt att det hos patienten finns en motivation till att bli frisk, att patienten får förtroende för behandlingen och lär sig att känna igen känslor och affekter. / Introduction: In the eating disorder treatment you work most often in interdisciplinary teams, different professions with different theoretical knowledge and specialization. Is there really any common ground between them, and what would it be? Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate if there is a common ground between professions in the process of eating disorder patients. Questions: Is there any common ground between various professions within the eating disorder treatment. If, how could it be utilized? Method: Five people with different professions within the eating disorder treatment were interviewed, an occupational therapist, nurse, nutritionist, psychologist / psychotherapist and physiotherapist. Results: The results of this study show that the therapists there is a consensus in relation to the eating disorder problems, des emergence, care and treatment. Their willingness and motivation to get healthy is with the meeting with the patient in the form of motivational work regardless of profession. A conclusion of the study is that the base between professions and what unites the different professional groups are thoughts about the affect of the role in terms of development and treatment. To deal with the issue of the eating disorders is about feelings and emotions that need to find the right emotional expression instead of being expressed through food. Conclusion: For eating disorder treatment to achieve success, it is important that the patient´s motivation to be healthy, the patient gain confidence in reading and learn to recognize feelings and emotion.