Technology and globalisation has shaped the experiences and expectations of adult learners in the 21st century. How adults learn and what they want to learn is highly influenced by the world they live in at any given time. The need for customisation, extending traditional learning experiences into new learning experiences will address the quality and value of higher education learning in South Africa. Restructuring of current programmes to be more flexible, accessible, interactive, that supports collaboration of learning activities and accommodates different learning styles, will enrich the adult learners’ learning experience and quality of learning. In suggesting the use of an alternative learning strategy, the use of a hybrid study approach (HSA) has been suggested and investigated. Limited research has been conducted in the use of a hybrid study approach (HSA) and more on what has been said was conducted on pure online learning, therefore this study focused on managing the quality of learning in higher education through a hybrid study approach (HSA). Since the researcher’s interest was to gain insight and understanding of learners’, tutors’ and institutional managements’ perceptions, understanding, concerns and experiences in their real world conditions when using a hybrid study approach (HSA), the qualitative research method was applied. The researcher focused on the micro-level of managing quality of learning by assessing the ‘learning’ when learning with technology. The study adhered to ethical principles and techniques to enhance the validity of the findings. The study found that a need for redress and reform of training and education in South Africa, especially with the integration of technology in higher education, extending into a hybrid study approach (HSA), which is in harmony with international standards of academic quality, knowledge, expertise and skills is needed in a changing global economy. A one-for-all learning approach was found not well suited for the needs of society today and does not foster an all-inclusive learning approach. The move to a knowledge society where learners are interconnected and where information circulate around the world faster than ever, it is evident that much learning occurs in a social environment and does not happen in splendid isolation. It was found evident that life demands and other different roles adult learners need to fulfill, adults intentionally search for educational settings that support their way of learning. / Education Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

The role of parents in their children’s education presents significant evidence in schools’ academic results, when parental roles in education are given priority. It is noted that parents play a significant role in improving a school’s academic results. The aim of this study was to investigate the techniques utilised by schoolteachers to involve parents in children’s education in selected secondary schools within the Metro-Central Education District, Western Cape. A qualitative research approach was utilised, employing research methods which included face-to-face interviews, reading school polices and going through parents’ meeting minutes. The investigation focused on two secondary schools that were purposefully selected to participate in the study. This investigation revealed that participants in the study overlooked the role of parents in their schools. Therefore, although they involve parents in some school activities, there is a need for training on how the school principals should optimally involve parents in school activities. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Educational Leadership and Management)

Learner discipline is one of the pillars of the education system of any country. However, research studies have found that it has become the number one public health problem in state secondary schools in Mauritius, in particular, over the past decade. This study aimed at determining the role of principals in maintaining effective discipline among learners in selected Mauritian state secondary schools. The researcher determined the causes of a lack of learner discipline, the possible barriers that prevent state secondary school principals from maintaining effective learner discipline and the disciplinary strategies that the principal may adopt and implement for effective learner discipline. The qualitative research approach was used for the empirical inquiry carried out in the selected research sites. The researcher gathered information about learner discipline and disciplinary strategies from selected participants, namely 24 learners, 24 educators, 24 parents, 4 principals and 2 school superintendents from four state secondary schools through focus group interviews, individual interviews and non-participant observation. The study revealed that all the stakeholders in the education system of Mauritius, inter alia the principals, parents, school superintendents, educators, learners, the Educational Zone Directorates and the Minister of Education have a misconception of learner discipline. They follow a custodial perspective rather than a humanistic perspective of learner discipline at schools: they adopt reactive and punitive or corrective disciplinary approaches instead of proactive, preventive and positive approaches to learner discipline management. The literature study on the causes of learner indiscipline and the reseach-based behavioural strategies and the empirical inquiry in the selected schools allowed the researcher to make a critical assessment of the current disciplinary strategies implemented by the state secondary school principals. In addition, the findings of the investigation provided the researcher with the knowledge to propose a learner discipline management model. The model provides the principals with the research-based strategies and guidelines to effectively manage learner discipline. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010 / Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a produção do material didático-pedagógico da SES, buscando compreender os limites e as possibilidades da sua construção no âmbito de uma instituição pedagógica de educação não formal, tendo em vista a implantação da política de educação permanente em saúde e da reforma sanitária no Estado de Sergipe. Foi realizado um estudo de caso, em uma pesquisa essencialmente qualitativa, que analisou dados referentes às oficinas de autores e validação do material didático-pedagógico, etapas constitutivas da estrutura metodológica da produção do material didático, além de dados coletados em entrevistas semi-estruturadas com gestores, e grupo focal com autores dos livros didáticos. O material didático da SES Sergipe toma como base as Políticas de Saúde do SUS em Sergipe, buscando ser um veículo de comunicação das concepções ideológicas e das bases tecnológicas necessárias à implementação do SUS no contexto estadual. A Secretaria deEstado da Saúde toma como Política central a Reforma Sanitária e Gerencial do SUS no Estado de Sergipe, projeto que envolve amplo investimento na organização e funcionamento do sistema de saúde pressupondo revisão dos processos produtivos, e qualificação profissional dos trabalhadores envolvidos diretamente com as mudanças a serem implantadas. A análise dos registros das oficinas de autores e validação pedagógica evidenciou que os livros possibilitaram em seu processo de elaboração articulação entre a ciência e a intuição criativa, entre a técnica e a arte, buscando em várias pedagogias coerentes entre si do ponto de vista ideológico, elementos que puderam ser recompostos, recombinados, ressignificados em uma produção específica. O material didático enquanto veículo das idéias pedagógicas transforma políticas de saúde em livros didáticos, buscando despertar militância, investindo em processos reflexivos construídos em torno dos saberes tecnológicos para operacionalização cotidiana dos serviços, e das concepções ideológicas relacionadas com o Sistema Único de Saúde. Os limites e as possibilidades do material didático-pedagógico organizado pela SES, enquanto uma instituição pedagógica de educação não formal, surge na fala dos autores e gestores como uma relação de tensão entre a missão assistencial e a missão pedagógica a ser desempenhada. Limites e possibilidades estão imbricados por uma relação de confrontação, onde o limite ao ser superado, ou compreendido sobre uma perspectiva dialética transforma-se em possibilidade. A práxis surge como grande possibilidade em todo o processo, enfatizada pela participação dos sujeitos do trabalho frente à teorização exigida pela formulação dos livros. A pesquisa traz reflexões sobre a implantação da política de educação permanente a ser operacionalizada com a utilização do material didático e a importância dos agentes pedagógicos em seu papel técnico e político. / This research aims to analyze the production of didactic and pedagogical material of SES, trying to understand the limits and possibilities of its construction as part of a pedagogical institution of informal education with a view to implementing the health continuing education policy and health reform in the state of Sergipe. A case study was accomplished in a mainly qualitative research, which analyzed data about authors’ workshops and didactic and pedagogical material validation, constituent stages of methodological structure of the production of didactical materials, beyond data collected in semi-structured interviews with managers, and focus group with authors of textbooks. The didactical material of SES Sergipe has as its basis the Health Policies of SUS (Unified Health System) in Sergipe, trying to be a communication vehicle of ideological conceptions and technology foundations necessary for the implementation of SUS in the state context. The State Department of Health takes as a central policy the Health and Management Reform of SUS in the state of Sergipe, a project that involves large investment in the organization and functioning of the health system presupposing a review of productive processes, and professional qualification of the workers directly involved with the changes to be implemented. Analysis of data from authors’ workshops and pedagogical validation showed that the books allowed into their development process linking between the science and the creative intuition, between the technique and the art, seeking, in several coherent pedagogies among themselves, with an ideological point of view, elements that could be recomposed, recombined, reinterpreted in a specific production. The didactical material as a vehicle of pedagogical ideas makes health policy into textbooks, trying to awake militancy, investing in reflective processes built around the technological knowledge to everyday operation of services, and ideological conceptions related to the Unified Health System. Limits and possibilities of the didactic and pedagogical materials organized by SES as a pedagogical institution of informal education appears in the authors’ and managers’ speech as a relationship of tension between the assistance mission and the pedagogical mission to be performed. Limits and possibilities are intertwined by a confrontation relationship, where the limit to be exceeded, or understood about a dialectical perspective becomes a possibility. The practice appears as a large possibility in the whole process, emphasized by the participation of those ones who are in the front of the theorization required by the formulation of the books. The research reflects on the implementation of continuing education policy to be operated with the use of didactical material and the importance of pedagogical agents in their technical and political role.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-05T21:22:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vania Marques Cardoso.pdf: 1665391 bytes, checksum: 1ad135b954bf3d552182b3c2101d053d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-05T21:22:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vania Marques Cardoso.pdf: 1665391 bytes, checksum: 1ad135b954bf3d552182b3c2101d053d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-03 / This dissertation presents a research named ‘Time to collaborate? Views on the meaning and sense teachers attribute to collective pedagogical work hours’. Our aim was to reveal teachers’ subjective perception of the potential for collaboration during these work hours. The research, based on the Critical Theory school of thought, particularly T. W. Adorno, was completed during 2014 and 2015, approaching the theme of the relevance of collective pedagogical work hours as a social practice at school, focusing on the meaning and sense teachers attribute to them and discussed from its legal, theoretical and empirical perspectives. It approaches the way the contemporary work environment impacts school and teachers’ views of the potential for collaboration of collective work hours and during these hours, how the meaning and sense of these work hours are translated into teachers’ discourses and the proposals for intervention that derive from their discourses. Hypotheses include the ones according to which the contemporary scenery implicates permanent social change and, thus, change at school; that it overburdens teachers, reduces collective pedagogical work and collaboration between peers to the state of usefulness; that the social meaning and the individual sense teachers attribute to their collective pedagogical work hours at school are in an intersection between collaboration potentialities and difficulties and generate a contradictory perception of these work hours as a social practice at school; that teachers’ discourses are full with possibilities of intervention to intensify collaboration potentialities in the collective pedagogical work hours at school. The empirical research methodology involved semi-structured interviews with ten teachers and, from the analysis of their discourse contents, hypotheses were confirmed, and the results allow envisaging possibilities that may be projected in practices to expand collaboration during the collective pedagogical work hours and in further research. / Esta disertación presenta el estudio denominado: ¿Tiempo para colaborar? Las miradas sobre el significado y los sentidos atribuidos por parte de los docentes al horario de trabajo colectivo. Se tuvo como objetivo desvendar la percepción subjetiva de los docentes sobre el potencial de colaboración del referido horario. El estudio, fundamentado en la teoría crítica, especialmente en T. W. Adorno, se desarrolló entre 2014 y 2015 sobre el tema de la relevancia del horario colectivo de trabajo como práctica social en la escuela, teniendo como objeto de estudio el significado y los sentidos atribuidos por los docentes al horario de trabajo colectivo, discutido a partir de la base legal, teórica y empírica. Problematiza la forma en que el escenario de trabajo contemporáneo tiene impacto sobre la escuela y la visión docente de la potencialidad de colaboración del horario de trabajo colectivo y en él, cuál es el significado y qué sentidos sobre ese horario están presentes en los discursos de los docentes, así como qué propuestas de intervención emanan de eso. Las hipótesis son que el escenario contemporáneo implica un cambio permanente en la sociedad y, por lo tanto, en la escuela, intensifica el trabajo docente, instrumentaliza el tiempo colectivo y la colaboración entre pares; que el significado social y los sentidos individuales atribuidos por los docentes al horario de trabajo colectivo en la escuela se cruzan entre potencialidades y dificultades de colaboración, generan una percepción contradictoria de ese tiempo como práctica social en el ámbito escolar; que los discursos de los docentes contienen posibilidades de intervención para aumentar las potencialidades de colaboración en el horario de trabajo colectivo en la escuela. La metodología del estudio empírico envolvió una entrevista semi-estructurada a diez docentes; a partir del análisis del contenido de los discursos, se constató que las hipótesis se confirman y los resultados permiten ver posibilidades que pueden proyectarse en prácticas que permiten ampliar la colaboración en el horario de trabajo colectivo y profundizar el estudio. / A presente dissertação apresenta a pesquisa denominada “Tempo para colaborar? Olhares sobre o significado e os sentidos atribuídos pelos docentes ao horário de trabalho coletivo”. Objetivou-se desvendar a percepção subjetiva dos docentes sobre o potencial de colaboração do referido horário. A pesquisa, fundamentada na teoria crítica, especialmente em T. W. Adorno, foi desenvolvida em 2014 e 2015 sobre o tema da relevância do horário coletivo de trabalho como prática social na escola, tendo por objeto de estudo o significado e os sentidos atribuídos pelos docentes ao horário de trabalho coletivo, discutido a partir do suporte legal, teórico e empírico. Problematiza como o cenário de trabalho contemporâneo impacta a escola e a visão docente da potencialidade de colaboração do e no horário de trabalho coletivo, qual o significado e quais sentidos sobre esse horário estão presentes nos discursos dos docentes, bem como quais propostas de intervenção que daí emanam. As hipóteses são que o cenário contemporâneo implica mudança permanente na sociedade e, portanto, na escola, intensifica o trabalho docente, instrumentaliza o tempo coletivo e a colaboração entre pares; que o significado social e os sentidos individuais atribuídos pelos docentes ao horário de trabalho coletivo na escola se cruzam entre potencialidades e dificuldades de colaboração, geram uma percepção contraditória desse tempo como prática social no âmbito escolar; que os discursos dos docentes carregam possibilidades de intervenção para aumentar as potencialidades de colaboração no horário de trabalho coletivo na escola. A metodologia da pesquisa empírica envolveu entrevista semiestruturada a dez docentes; a partir da análise do conteúdo dos discursos, constatou-se que as hipóteses se confirmam e os resultados permitem ver possibilidades capazes de se projetar em práticas passíveis de ampliar a colaboração no horário de trabalho coletivo e em aprofundamento da pesquisa.

The researcher aimed to investigate the laws and policies regulating the use of corporal punishment in Swaziland schools by benchmarking these against HRL, and to investigate the non-compliance of selected schools in the Hhohho and Manzini regions with these legal prescripts. This was done in the two participating schools in the study. The study employed the qualitative approach, using two cases to source the information from the participants. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect the data from the participants. The principals and their deputies were interviewed, whilst the teachers and learners responded to questionnaires. The literature review revealed that the teachers tend not to adhere to the prescripts in respect of the abuse of corporal punishment. The literature review focusing on the Swaziland situation brought to light that the teachers go beyond the legal prescripts when administering corporal punishment. The results indicated that in Swaziland corporal punishment is legal while, according to the Human Rights Law, it is a crime. The study indicated that teachers do not adhere to the legal prescripts on corporal punishment. Of the ten requirements for corporal punishment, the teachers complied fully with only two. It was also found that the teachers were not conversant with the legal prescripts. Some of the requirements did not seem viable to them to comply with. The researcher recommended that the Swaziland Constitution be aligned with the Human Rights Law, and that principals monitor the abuse of corporal punishment. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Auf der Suche nach der Basis von Innovationen rücken zunehmend Lernprozesse in den Vordergrund. Dies führt zu einer Verknüpfung von technologischen Entwicklungen mit Konzepten der Personal-, Organisations- und Kompetenzentwicklung. Dabei wird Bildung gern als Nebenprodukt, Voraussetzung oder Konsequenz technischer, ökonomischer oder sozialer Innovationen behandelt. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Ineinandergreifen von Innovations- und Bildungsaktivitäten thematisiert und zur übergreifenden Fragestellung: Wie, wann und warum unterstützen organisationale Bildungsaktivitäten das Hervorbringen von Innovationen? Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wird einer explorativen Forschungsstrategie sowie einer qualitativen Forschungsmethodologie gefolgt. Im Rahmen einer Fallstudie wurden sieben Organisationen untersucht. Durch die Analyse der empirischen Daten konnte das soziale Agieren aufgedeckt sowie eine Tiefenstruktur erarbeitet werden. Die Erkenntnisse führen zur Konstruktion einer Innovationsdidaktik, die eingehend beschrieben wird und mit Implikationen für den Innovationsalltag verknüpft ist. / In the search for the basis of innovation, learning processes increasingly emerge in the foreground. This leads to a linkage of technological developments with concepts of personnel, organisational and competence development. Education is often treated as a co-product, prerequisite or consequence of technical, economic or social innovations. Within the present work, the linkage of innovation and education practices is addressed and the general question is: How, when and why do organisational education activities support the production of innovations? To answer the research questions, an explorative research strategy and a qualitative research methodology will be used. Within the framework of a case study, seven organisations were examined. Through the analysis of the empirical data, social action was uncovered and a depth structure was elaborated. The findings lead to the construction of an innovation didactic, which is described in detail and linked with implications for everyday innovation life.

The UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic (2010:9-11), stated that for the estimated 33.3 million people living with HIV, sub-Saharan Africa has a staggering 22 500 000: South Africa having the highest figure of 5 600 000. The question arises: Why has HIV/AIDS spread faster in Africa than on any other continent, despite similar international strategies? The challenge in Africa is that several HIV/AIDS beliefs and misconceptions distorting management of HIV/AIDS. South African learners receive HIV/AIDS education from the school culture, community, government and the international community, whereas they should be partners in collaborative education: yet, they are not. The research finding indicated that for effective educational strategies, education managers should be aware of these different voices affecting HIV/AIDS education. Education managers should be the main voice in dealing with this menacing epidemic. Countries that have approached HIV/AIDS scientifically and speak with one voice successfully reduced their HIV/AIDS statistics. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

This study of the legal and management frameworks for private higher education institutions in Swaziland provides a theoretical framework for the establishment and management of such institutions and especially the Southern Africa Nazarene University (SANU). A literature review of Swaziland’s education legislation and education system, the legal processes for the establishment of private higher education institutions, the types and legal status of these, their funding of, and their organisational and management structures provided the theoretical framework upon which the study was based. The review indicated that: a private higher education system in Swaziland was in the process of being developed; such institutions were established and operated within the overall higher education system; there were two legal instruments that could be used to establish these institutions – an Act of Parliament and a Certificate of Registration; the government was the major funder of private higher education institutions; and there are different organisational and management structures in existence. Against this background an empirical qualitative investigation was conducted. Data was collected from education managers, government officials, Church leadership, and legal representatives through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation. The findings of the empirical investigation complemented the findings obtained from the literature review. The underdevelopment of the private higher education system resulted in two major implications: uncertainty of the legal process for the establishment of SANU, and the development as well as immediate implementation of education legislation and policies. The application of the legal procedures outlined by the Higher Education Bill of 2007 to the establishment, management and funding of SANU affords a good example. Even though the people entrusted with the establishment of SANU selected the Act of Parliament for this process and developed the SANU Bill, government officials instead advocated and implemented the certification process regarding the establishment and management of SANU. Subvention, tuition fees, commercial farming and provision of short term occupational training programmes were identified as income-generating strategies for SANU. A unique organisational and management structure was developed for SANU. Based on those findings, several recommendations for the improvement of the management of the process of establishment of universities in Swaziland and especially SANU were made. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Education Management)

The fourth industrial revolution and twenty-first century employability development has emerged on education and political agendas as a priority all over the world. Researchers have suggested and investigated more innovative learning experiences using technology as part of a blended learning approach. Restructuring current programmes to include skills development has the potential to equip students with the skills needed for employment. The development of blended learning approaches is an expanding field in both developing and developed countries. Yet, the skills graduates display and employers’ dissatisfaction is a concern. Limited research has been conducted on the use of blended learning to enhance employability development in formal learning environments. Most of the available research relies on employer perceptions, with little data available on the knowledge, skills and values graduates actually possess or on the impact this has on employability outcomes. This study aims to address this gap by focussing on managing the quality of employability development in higher education using blended learning. The study was aimed at gaining insight into the perceptions, understanding, concerns and experiences of institutional managers, tutors, graduates and students in their real world when using blended learning to enhance graduateness. This aim made the qualitative research method a suitable match. This thesis reports on the resulting comparative study between a South African and an American institution using different blended learning approaches to compare different cases for similarities and variations. The South African higher education sector’s fitness for purpose and pursuit of benchmarking against international standards of academic quality, knowledge and expertise calls for redress and reform of teaching-learning. In the fourth industrial revolution with a 21st century knowledge economy, driven from a macro- meso- and microlevel perspective, higher education in South Africa has the potential to provide a workforce that is socially and economically viable and more inclusive. The thesis concludes with a model to support employability development in blended learning environments. / Uphuhliso lwezakhono nokuqesheka ngenkulungwane yamashumi amabini nanye,zivele kwii-ajenda yezemfundo kunye nezopolitiko njengeziqaqambileyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Abaphengululi bacebisile kwaye baphanda ngamanye amava amaninzi amatsha okufunda besebenzisa itheknoloji njengenxalenye yokuvelela ukufunda ngokuhlanganisiweyo/ngokudibeneyo. Ukulungiswa kwakhona iinkqubo ezikhoyo kubandakanywa uphuhliso lwezakhono kunako ukubaxhobisa abafundi ngezakhono ezifunekayo kwingqesho. Uphuhliso lokuvelela ukufunda okudibeneyo/okuhlangeneyo ngummandla owandayo kumazwe asakhulayo naselekhulile. Kunjalo, izakhono eziboniswa ngabafundi abanemfundo ephakamileyo,zibanga inkxalabo kubaqeshi. Uphando oluncinane luqhutyiwe ekusetyenzisweni kokufunda okuhlanganisiweyo ukuphucula uphuhliso lokuqeshwa kwiindawo zokufunda ezisemthethweni. Uninzi lophando olukhoyo luxhomekeka kwiimbono zomqeshi, onolwazi oluncinane kulwazi, izakhono kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni abafundi abanemfundo ephakamileyo ngokwenene abanazo okanye kwifuthe le nto enalo kwiziphumo zokuqesheka. Esi sifundo(Olu phononongo) sijolise ekuxazululeni/ ekudibeni lo msantsa ngokugxila ekulawuleni umgangatho wophuhliso lokuqesheka kwimfundo ephakamileyo kusetyenziswa ukufunda okuhlangeneyo. Uhlolisiso lwalujoliswe ekufumaneni ingqiqo kwiimbono, ekuqondeni, iinkxalabo kunye namava abalawuli beziko, abafundisi, abafundi kwizifundo zemfundo ephakamileyo abaphumeleleyo nabafundi kwilizwe labo lokwenene xa befunda ngendlela yokudibanisa ukufunda ukuphucula impumelelo yabo yokuba beneziqu. Le njongo yenza indlela yophando olusemgangathweni lufaneleke. Le ngxelo yeengcingane ezibhaliweyo engqinelwe zizixhobo ekukhutshweni kwengxelo kwizifundo zothelekiso phakathi kweziko loMzantsi Afrika neziko laseMerika kusetyenziswa uvelelo lwezifundo zokufunda ngokudibeneyo ezahlukileyo ukuthelekisa imiba eyahlukileyo kwefanayo kunye neyeleleneyo. Ukufanelekeka kwecandelo lemfundo ephakamileyo eMzantsi Afrika ngenjongo kunye nokulangazelela (nokusukela) imilinganiselo esemgangathweni yemilinganiselo yemfundo yamazwe ngamazwe, ulwazi kunye nobuchule bokulungisa nokutshintshwa kokufundisa nokufunda. Ngolwazi lwezoqoqosho lwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini nanye, oluqhutywa ngokwembono yenqanaba elikhuluu, eliphakathi nelincinane, imfundo ephakamileyo eMzantsi Afrika inokukwazi ukubonelela ngabasebenzi abafanelekileyo ngokwentlalo nangokwezoqoqosho kwaye ibandakanye okuninzi. Le thisisi iphetha okanye iphela ngemodeli/ ngomzekelo ukuxhasa uphuhliso lokuqesheka kwiindawo zokufunda ngokudibeneyo. / Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kanye nokuqasheka kwabafundi abaphuma ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme kuleli khulu-nyaka lama-21 sekubonakala njengento eseqhulwini ezinhlelweni zezemfundo kanye nezepolitiki emhlabeni wonke jikelele. Abacwaningi sebephakamise futhi bacubungula izindlela nezinqubo zokufunda ezintsha kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe njengengxenye yokufunda okuxubile. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinhlelo ezikhona njengamanje ngenhloso yokubandakanya ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kungabahlinzeka abafundi ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze baqashwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokufunda okuxubile kungumkhakha okhulayo emazweni asathuthuka ngokunjalo nasemazweni asethuthukile. Kodwa-ke nakuba kunjalo, amakhono aboniswa ngabafundi abaphuma ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme, kanye nokungagculiseki kwabaqashi, kuseyinto edala ukukhathazeka impela. Lukhona ucwaningo oluncane oselwenziwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokufunda okuxubile ngenhloso yokuphucula ukuthuthukiswa kokuqasheka kwabafundi abaphuma ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme ngaphansi kwezimo zokufunda ezihlelekile. Ucwaningo oluningi olukhona njengamanje luthembele emibonweni yabaqashi, futhi kunedatha encane kakhulu ekhona mayelana nolwazi, amakhono kanye nezimompilo abanazo abafundi asebephothule iziqu zabo noma idatha ephathelene nomthelela walokhu emiphumeleni yokuqasheka kwabo. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuvala leli gebe ngokuthi lugxile ekuphatheni nokulawula ikhwalithi yokuthuthukiswa kokuqasheka kwabafundi asebephothule iziqu zabo ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme ngokusebenzisa ukufunda okuxubile. Ngalolu cwaningo kwabe kuhloswe ukuthola ulwazi olunzulu mayelana nemibono, ukuqonda, ukukhathazeka kanye nezimo abadlule kuzona abaphathi bezikhungo, abafundisi, abafundi asebephothule iziqu zabo kanye nezitshudeni esimweni soqobo abaphila ngaphansi kwaso lapho kusetshenziswa ukufunda okuxubile ukuze kwenziwe ngcono amathuba abo okuthi babe sebezuze ulwazi namakhono anohlonze ngenkathi bephothula iziqu zabo. Le nhloso yenza ukuthi indlela yocwaningo olukhwalithethivu kube ngefanelekile kulolu cwaningo. Le thisisi ihlinzeka umbiko mayelana nocwaningo lokuqhathanisa oluwumphumela walokhu olwenziwe phakathi kwesikhungo saseNingizimu Afrika kanye nesikhungo saseMelika kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokufunda okuxubile ngenhloso yokuqhathanisa izimo ezihlukahlukene ukuze kubhekwe izinto ezifanayo kanye nalezo ezihlukile kulezo zimo. Ukufaneleka komkhakha wezemfundo ephakeme waseNingizimu Afrika ukuqhathaniseka namazinga amazwe ngamazwe ekhwalithi yezemfundo, ulwazi kanye nobungoti kudinga ukuthi kulungiswe konke lokho okungahanjiswanga ngendlela efanele esikhathini esedlule futhi kulethwe izinguquko emkhakheni wezokufunda nokufundisa. Emnothweni wolwazi wekhulu-nyaka lama-21, oqhutshwa ngokwezinga elibanzi, elimaphakathi kanye nelincane, umkhakha wemfundo ephakeme unawo amandla okuhlinzeka ngabasebenzi abangaletha impumelelo nokusimama kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho, futhi okungabasebenzi ababandakanya izinhlobo zabantu abavela emikhakheni yempilo ehlukahlukene kanye nasezigabeni zomphakathi ezihlukahlukene. Le thisisi iphothula ngokuhlinzeka ngemodeli ezosekela ukuthuthukiswa kokuqasheka kwabafundi ngaphansi kwezimo zokufunda okuxubile. / Educational Management and Leadership / D. Ed. (Education Management)