ABSTRACT Background: An acquired brain injury can be classified as either a primary brain injury or a secondary brain injury. A secondary brain injury can also be caused by secondary clinical insults, such as epileptic seizures. To date, there have been no studies conducted on whether nursing interventions, such as bathing, oral care and suctioning the endotracheal tube, can cause epileptic seizures when caring for neurosurgical patients in the intensive care ward. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore whether nursing interventions can cause changes in a neurosurgical intensive care ward patient’s EEG pattern. Methods: Qualitative prospective observational study, using descriptive design (non-experimental). There was a total of 12 patients included in this study, all from a neurointensive care ward in the middle of Sweden. The patients were observed using continuous EEG monitoring with video recording all nursing interventions during 48 hours for each patient. The nursing interventions that were conducted were marked and categorised on a data log. The EEG was then analysed by a neurophysiologist, the results of which were also documented on the data log. Results: The total number of nursing interventions that have been observed for all 12 patients are 1170. Of these, 55 percent resulted in a change in the EEG pattern. The changes in an EEG pattern were categorized into one of four categories. The category with the largest percentage of documented changes was muscle artifact. The nursing interventions that resulted in the highest percentage of EEG pattern changes were – Everything at once, Oral care, Hygiene, Change of position and Suctioning the endotracheal tube. A correlation between the duration of nursing interventions and the occurrence of EEG pattern changes was detected. The longer the nursing intervention lasted the more EEG changes were generated. Conclusion: The results of the study show that nursing-related EEG changes can occur. This suggests that nursing interventions may be stressful for the neurosurgical intensive care patient. It is possible that this stress could be palliated by raising awareness among nursing staff of the importance of using sedatives and analgesics before performing nursing interventions.

Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la contribution des régions sensori- motrices dans la représentation de nouveaux mots.
Dans un premier temps et au travers d’une analyse des oscillations cérébrales, nous avons observé que l’écoute seule de mots d’action (mais pas de mots de « vision ») récemment acquis, conduisait après apprentissage à une activation des régions motrices. Si l’écoute des mots d’action déclenchait une activité motrice similaire à l’observation d’actions, elle était néanmoins associée à une activité supplémentaire semblant refléter le recrutement d’une « zone de convergence » entre les structures motrices et celles du langage, permettant la récupération d’informations motrices plus abstraites. Par la suite, nous avons pu montrer que les divergences entre nouveaux mots d’action et de vision émergeaient rapidement puisqu’associés à des activités spécifiques sur les électrodes fronto-centrales et occipito-pariétales respectivement. Une autre étude EEG nous a permis d’observer que les items lexicaux (pseudo-mots) semblaient fournir un substrat unique pour associer les attributs sensori-moteurs liés au référent. Enfin, au travers d’une analyse fine des paramètres cinématiques d’un mouvement de préhension, nous avons observé que la verbalisation d’un mot d'action (i.e. « attraper ») entraînait une facilitation de l’exécution de l’action. Nos résultats indiquent que la représentation du sens des mots dans le cerveau associe à la fois les régions à modalité spécifique et des « zones de convergence » notamment entre les structures motrices et langagières, permettant la récupération d’informations plus abstraites ; tandis que la spécificité vis-à-vis du stimulus verbal tend à indiquer un pré-câblage de ces réseaux neuronaux pour le langage. Si les représentations sémantiques reflètent en partie les expériences perceptuo- motrices associées à l’apprentissage, nos travaux soulignent un phénomène toujours présumé : un certain degré d’abstraction du sens des mots / The aim of this work was to determine the role of these sensori-motor regions in the development of meaning representation of novel words. In a first learning study that involved EEG recordings, analysis of brain oscillations revealed that listening to novel action words, but not novel visual words, after training led to the activation of motor regions. This activity which was similar to what was seen during action observation was however associated with an additional activity that seemed to reflect the recruitment of a convergence zone between language and motor brain regions mediating more underspecified motor information, rather than the motor events experienced during training. Furthermore, analysis of the ERPs revealed that category-specific effects could be observed rapidly: action words and visual words were associated with specific electro-cortical activities on fronto-central electrodes and occipito-parietal electrodes respectively. In a third EEG study, we observed that only verbal stimuli but not tones, that were associated with action execution during training, triggered activity in motor regions. Lexical items seem thus to provide a unique substrate to associate with the sensory-motor attributes of the referent. Finally, fine-grained analyses of kinematics revealed that the verbalization of an action word semantically congruent to the action (i.e. “grasp”) led to a facilitation of an object-directed grasping movement. The results obtained during this work indicate that word-meaning is represented in modality- specific brain regions and in convergence zones between language and motor brain regions that mediate underspecified information. The specificity for verbal stimuli tends to indicate a pre- wired neural system for the representation of word meaning. Finally, although semantic representations partly reflect perceptual and motor experiences associated with the acquisition of words, the present work points to a phenomenon that has always been assumed: a certain degree of abstraction in word-meaning representation

Este trabalho mostra a aplicação das redes de sensores sem fio na monitoração de variáveis fisiológicas de bovinos. A necessidade de experimentar técnicas de coleta de dados, que causem menos perturbações no comportamento natural dos animais de interesse da zootecnia de precisão, foi a principal motivação deste trabalho. Para testar a aplicabilidade da tecnologia das redes de sensores sem fio neste campo, foi desenvolvida uma infra-estrutura, utilizando técnicas de instrumentação eletrônica e comunicação sem fio via rádio-freqüência. A rede foi projetada com o protocolo floating base sensor network (FBSN) que implementa uma topologia adhoc com escolha aleatória dos nós. Os protótipos desenvolvidos foram utilizados para efetuar coletas de sinais cerebrais e temperaturas corporais de bovinos adultos. Foram desenvolvidos também os softwares embarcados e de supervisão e um simulador de deslocamento bovino, que foi utilizado como ferramenta de auxílio no projeto da infra-estrutura de monitoramento implementada. O consumo das fontes de energia e a relação custo-beneficio do sistema foram os principais itens avaliados. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que é possível utilizar redes de sensores sem fio como técnicas eficientes para coleta de dados fisiológicos de bovinos. / This work presents an application of wireless sensor networks technology used for bovine physiological variables monitoring. The main stimulus of this work was the precision animal production researcher\'s interest in developing and testing new techniques that could allow data acquisition with less interference in animal behavior. In order to test the feasibility of the wireless sensor network technology in this area, an infrastructure was developed using electronic instrumentation and radio frequency wireless communication techniques. The network was projected to support the floating base sensor network protocol that is a special kind of adhoc topology with randomic selection of path nodes. The developed prototypes were used to acquire brain electrical activity and body temperature from bovines. The development of supervisor and embedded software and a bovine\'s displacement simulator tool was also described here. The energy consumption and the cost-benefit relationship of the network nodes were the main evaluated features. The results obtained prove that the wireless sensor networks can be considered as an efficient technique to be used to acquire bovine\'s physiological data.

Redes complexas aplicadas em sinais de atividade cerebral mostraram a presença de anormais padrões de conectividade em pacientes que sofriam com doenças e outros distúrbios psiquiátricos. Logo, passou-se a cogitar a influência dessas estruturas na causa desses problemas e o que leva ao desenvolvimento desses padrões anormais. Do ponto de vista teórico, vários trabalhos mostram como a topologia de uma rede pode alterar um processo que se sustenta nela, por exemplo o modo como a rede influencia a propagação de falhas de um sistema, a sincronização ou processos de dispersão. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho é caracterizar as redes funcionais de pacientes durante episódios de crises de epilepsia, fazendo um paralelo entre a estrutura dessas redes e os processos dinâmicos envolvidos na crise, em especial a sincronização. Para isto, dados reais foram analisados e as redes inferidas em um primeiro passo. Depois, simulações de sistemas artificiais usando os parâmetros obtidos das análises, mostram o impacto dessas redes nos processos dinâmicos. Os resultados apontam para estruturas que podem aumentar a sincronização e a influência do modo de acoplamento nesses sistemas. / Complex networks applied to brain activity signals show the presence abnormal of connectivity patterns in patients suffering with diseases and others psychiatric disorders. From this, some authors began to question the influence of these structures in the cause of these problems and how it leads to the development of these abnormal patterns. From a theoretical point of view, several studies show how the topology of a network can change a process that maintains it, for example how a network influences the propagation of a system failure, synchronization or diffusion processes. In this sense, the objective of this study is to characterize the functional networks of patients during episodes of seizures, making a parallel between the structure of these networks and the dynamic processes involved in the epilepsy, in particular the synchronization. For this, real data were analyzed and the inferred networks in a first step. And then, artificial simulations using the parameters obtained from the analysis were employed to show the impact of these networks in dynamic processes. The results indicate structures that can enhance the synchronization and the influence of the coupling mode on these systems.

As descobertas relacionadas à neurociência e aos métodos de coleta e análise de dados neurofisiológicos têm fomentado discussões sobre a aplicação desses aspectos em outras campos do conhecimento, dentre eles, o da comunicação. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e aferir processos neurais associados à avaliação emocional positiva e negativa de campanhas de segurança no trânsito, de modo a relacioná-los aos apontamentos trazidos pela Prospect Theory (ou Teoria Prospectiva), de que as pessoas tendem a responder de modo diferente ao se alterar apenas a forma de apresentação de um mesmo problema. Tal fato é especialmente importante na comunicação de riscos, em que são frequentemente utilizadas abordagens emocionais negativas como forma de discurso persuasivo. Deste modo, fez-se uma aplicação desses pressupostos ao campo da comunicação, sendo elaboradas duas campanhas experimentais de segurança no trânsito: uma contendo uma perspectiva emocional negativa e outra contendo uma perspectiva emocional positiva. Essas campanhas foram apresentadas em laboratório a 24 voluntários, os quais tiveram sua atividade cortical aferida pelo eletroencefalograma (EEG) e analisada do ponto de vista quantitativo e qualitativo, a fim de verificar uma assimetria frontal hemisférica de ondas alfa e teta nas duas condições, sugerida pela literatura como sendo atrelada a processos emocionais positivos e negativos. Como principais resultados, destacam-se a ocorrência de processos assimétricos significativos tanto na comparação entre as condições (i) neutra e negativa como nas condições (ii) neutra e positiva e (iii) positiva versus negativa, resultados que variaram conforme método de análise empregado. Em termos conclusivos, nota-se a verificação dos processos assimétricos previstos na literatura, porém, com grande variabilidade de amplitude e ocorrência no tempo entre os indivíduos, indicando que a metodologia de coleta com o EEG pode constituir uma forma complementar, e não isolada, de investigação dos processos comunicacionais em relação aos métodos tradicionais de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa empregados no campo da comunicação. / The findings related to neuroscience and methods of collection and analysis of neurophysiological data have encouraged discussions on the implementation of those aspects in other fields of knowledge, including communication. This study aims to identify and assess neural processes associated with positive and negative emotional evaluation of traffic safety campaigns, in order to relate them to the Prospect Theory considerations, that people tend to respond differently by changing only the presentation of the same problem. This fact is especially important in the risk communication scenario, which often uses the negative approach as a form of persuasive discourse. Thus, there was an application of these assumptions to the field of communication: two traffic safety campaigns were made: one containing a negative emotional perspective and another containing a positive emotional outlook. These campaigns were presented to 24 subjects in the laboratory, which had their cortical activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG) and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, in order to verify a frontal asymmetry of alpha and theta bands in both conditions, suggested by the literature as being linked to positive and negative emotional processes. The main results highlight the occurrence of significant asymmetric activation both in the comparison between (i) neutral and negative conditions as (ii) neutral and positive conditions and (iii) positive versus negative, results that varied according to method of analysis employed. In conclusive terms, there was a verification of asymmetric process verified in the literature, however, with notable variability in amplitude and occurrence in time between individuals, indicating that the methodology of EEG can complement, not in an isolated form, investigations of communication processes in relation to traditional methods of qualitative and quantitative research in the communication field.

INTRODUÇÃO: A esquizofrenia é um transtorno que se caracteriza pela desorganização de diversos processos mentais, dentre os quais a cognição. Pacientes com esquizofrenia apresentam alterações na amplitude e latência dos potenciais evocados P300 e MMN. A maioria das drogas antipsicóticas atuais têm pouco efeito sobre os sintomas negativos e prejuízos cognitivos dos pacientes, por isso, pesquisadores têm buscado alternativas farmacológicas que possam agir sobre os prejuízos cognitivos e sintomas negativos. Pesquisas recentes demonstraram que o nitroprussiato de sódio (NPS) é capaz de atenuar algumas das manifestações do transtorno que não respondem adequadamente aos tratamentos hoje disponíveis. OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da infusão de NPS sobre a sintomatologia e os potenciais evocados auditivos MMN e P300 em pacientes com esquizofrenia em um ensaio duplo-cego controlado por placebo. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 12 pacientes com idade entre 25 e 54 anos em tratamento antipsicótico acompanhados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Cada paciente participou de duas sessões experimentais, uma com infusão de NPS e outra com placebo. Escalas psiquiátricas (BPRS e PANSS) foram aplicadas imediatamente antes da infusão de NPS ou soro glicosado, a cada hora durante a infusão e imediatamente após a realização dos exames de P300 e MMN, realizados após o fim da infusão. RESULTADOS: A infusão de NPS foi associada a um aumento significativo da amplitude do potencial evocado MMN e a uma redução nos escores das escalas de sintomas psiquiátricos BPRS e PANSS em comparação com o placebo. CONCLUSÃO: A infusão de NPS foi associada à melhora dos sintomas de esquizofrenia conforme medidos pela BPRS e PANSS e a um aumento da amplitude do potencial evocado MMN. Não houve efeitos da administração do NPS sobre o potencial evocado P300. / INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by disorganization of several mental processes including cognition. Schizophrenia patients present alterations in the amplitude and latency of auditory evoked potentials P300 and MMN. Most current antipsychotics have little or no effect on the negative symptoms or cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, which led researchers to search for pharmacological alternatives that may counteract these manifestations. Recent evidence suggests that sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is able to ameliorate some of the manifestations associated with schizohrenia that do not respond adequately to currently available treatments. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of SNP on schizophrenia symptoms and on the evoked potentials P300 and MMN in a double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. METHODS: The trial involved 12 patients aged 25-54 years in antipsychotic treatment followed up at the Ribeirã Preto Medical School University Hospital. Each patient attended two experimental sessions, one for the infusion of SNP and another for the infusion of placebo. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS) were completed immediately before the infusion, every consecutive hour, and immediately after the P300 and MMN tests, performed after the end of the infusion. RESULTS: The infusion of SNP was associated with a significant increase in the amplitude of MMN and with a reduction in the psychopathology scores of the BPRS and PANSS compared to placebo. CONCLUSION: The administration of SNP was associated with an improvement in schizophrenia symptoms as measured with the BPRS and PANSS and with an increase in the amplitude of the evoked potential MMN. There were no effects of SNP on the evoled potential P300.

AL’objectif de la thèse est le développement d’une méthode de caractérisation des crises d’épilepsie du lobe temporal à partir des EEG de surface et plus particulièrement de la zone épileptogène (ZE) à l’origine des crises. Des travaux récents ont démontré une évolution des synchronisations entre structures cérébrales permettant une caractérisation de la dynamique des crises du lobe temporal. La comparaison de différentes méthodes de mesure de relation a permis la mise en évidence des avantages du coefficient de corrélation non-linéaire dans l’étude de l’épilepsie par les EEG de surface. L’exploitation de l’évolution de ce coefficient est à la base de trois applications de traitement automatique du signal EEG : -détermination de la latéralisation de la ZE au départ d’une crise, -recherche d’une signature épileptique, -classification des crises du lobe temporal en deux groupes / The objective of this work was the development of a temporal lobe epilepsy seizures characterization methodology realized through scalp EEG analysis. Recent researches showed an evolution of the synchronizations between cerebral structures, allowing a characterization of dynamic of the seizures. The comparison, between different methods of relation measurement, proved the advantages of the non-linear correlation coefficient in the study of epileptic seizures from scalp EEGs. The characterization of the evolution of this coefficient was used as the base of the development of three signal processing applications : -determination of the side of the Epileptic Zone at the onset of a seizure -research of an epileptic pattern at the seizure onset -classification of the temporal lobe seizures into two groups.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o sinal cerebral de bovinos quanto a sua complexidade e também a sua extensividade. Para tal foi necessário formar uma base de dados de sinais cerebrais, estes sinais foram adquiridos de novilhas da raça holandesa, na cidade de Pirassununga/SP (latitude 21°59\'46\" Sul e a uma longitude 47°25\'33\" Oeste, altitude de 627 metros) em duas situações: (1) câmara climática (gaiolas de contenção) em junho de 2005 e (2) piquete experimental (animais com liberdade de movimentos), entre outubro e dezembro de 2007. Foram utilizados eletrodos superficiais, fixos a cabeça dos animais por meio de cola sintética, a freqüência de amostragem foi de 120 Hz. Os sinais foram avaliados visualmente e os trechos livres de artefatos foram selecionados para formação da base de dados. Simultaneamente foram considerados temperatura e umidade do ambiente (para o calculo da entalpia), momento da intervenção da equipe junto aos animais e alguns comportamentos apresentados pelos animais durante a aquisição dos sinais. O algoritmo utilizado para calculo da complexidade C(n) mostrou-se eficiente na caracterização de seqüências conhecidas. O método desenvolvido para determinar o parâmetro q quando utilizado para caracterizar um mapa logístico, no limite de comportamento caótico, mostrou que q permanece constante mesmo quando se alteram as condições iniciais, ou seja, q e uma característica do sistema e o método e capaz de verificar este fato. Quando aplicados a base de dados, verificou-se que o parâmetro q variou mais em função de manipulação do animal do que em relação a entalpia, ou seja, o estresse de manipulação se sobrepôs ao estresse térmico, isso pode se verificar mais claramente nos experimentos realizados em câmara climática com os animais mantidos em gaiolas. As variações na complexidade C(n) (entre 0,2 e 1,0) permitem afirmar que os sinais de bovinos apresentam, alem de componentes oscilatórias, componentes caóticas. A metodologia proposta indicou que e possível caracterizar sinais de bovinos quanto a sua extensividade, uma vez que q tende a apresentar valores menores logo após manipulação dos animais. / This study aimed to characterize the bovine brain electrical activity as its complexity and also to this extensiveness. In order to make it possible a database of brain signals was formed. These signals were acquired from Holstein heifers in the city of Pirassununga / SP (latitude 21°59\'46\" south and a longitude 47°25\'33\" west, altitude of 627 meters ) in two situations: (1) climatic chamber (cage containment) in June 2005 and (2) experimental pasture (animals with freedom of movement) between October and December 2007. We used surface electrodes, fixed to the head of the animals by synthetic glue, the sampling frequency was 120 Hz. Signals were evaluated visually and free of artifacts signals were selected to take part in the database. Both, were considered the temperature and humidity from environment (for the calculation of the enthalpy), It was also considered team intervention with the animals and some behaviors displayed by animals during signals acquisition. The algorithm used to calculate the complexity C(n) was efficient in the characterization of known sequences. The method developed to determine the q parameter when used to describe a logistic map in the limit of chaotic behavior, showed that q remains constant even when changing the initial conditions, ie, q is a characteristic of the system and developed methodology is able to verify this fact. When applied to the database, it was found that the q parameter varied more according to manipulation of the animal than on the enthalpy, ie the stress of manipulation overrides to heat stress, this can be verified more clearly in the experiments performed in climatic chamber with the animals kept in cages. Changes in complexity C(n) (between 0.2 and 1.0) show that the animals exhibit signs of oscillatory components in addition to chaotic components. The proposed methodology showed that it is possible to identify cattle signs as to its extensiveness, as q tends to produce lower values after handling animals.

Les pointes épileptiques intercritiques (IES) représentent une signature neuronale de l'activation transitoire hypersynchrone et excessive d'un grand ensemble de neurones corticaux hétérogènes. Elles sont considérées comme la signature de l’épileptogénicité du réseau neuronal sous-jacent. Dans cette étude, des changements sur la configuration neurale ont été observés chez des modèles animaux et humains au cours de l'IES. Pour la première fois, ces changements ont été détectés à l'aide de la spectroscopie optique rapide (FOS), qui correspond aux variations de la lumière diffusée par le tissu neural pendant l'activation. Ces chages [i.e. changements] sont associés à des mécanismes cellulaires plutôt qu'à des réponses hémodynamiques à haute résolution spatiale et temporelle. Pour étudier le mécanisme IES, une analyse simultanée multimodale des changements optiques rapides (FOS) et électriques (EEG/ECoG: temps et fréquence) a été développée chez des modèles animaux (15 rats) et humains (IES frontales,3 enfants). Pour évaluer de manière indépendante nos méthodes, un potentiel évoquant somatosensoriel et une réponse optique ont été conçus dans des modèles animaux et humains (5 volontaires sains).Les résultats suggèrent une relation entre la (dé)synchronisation et les changements optiques quel que soit le modèle épileptique. Nous avons démontré que cette approche multimodale non invasive multi-échelles (FOS, ECoG / EEG) permet d'étudier la physiopathologie de l'IES chez les patients et de mieux comprendre les mécanismes qui propulsent les neurones vers l'hypersynchronisation chez les modèles épileptiques humains et animaux / Interictal epileptic spikes (IES) represent a signature of the transient synchronous and excessive discharge of a large ensemble of cortical heterogeneous neurons and are widely accepted diagnostically as a signature of an epileptic underlying network. In this study, changes on neural configuration were observed in an animal and human models during the IES. For the first time, these changes were detected using Fast Optical Spectroscopy (FOS), which correspond to variations of scattered light from neural tissue during activation. These chages [i.e. changes] are associated with cellular mechanisms rather than hemodynamic responses with high spatial and temporal resolution. To investigate IES mechanism, a multimodal simultaneous analysis of the fast optical (FOS) and electrical (EEG/ECoG: time and frequency domain) changes was developed in both animal (15 rats) and human models (frontal IES, 3 children). To independently evaluate our methods, a control somatosensory evoked potential and optical response was designed in both animal and human models (5 healthy volunteers). The results suggest a relationship between (de)synchronization and optical changes whatever the epileptic model. This also proposed that changes in the fast optical signal which reflect changes in membrane configuration, are associated with the complex perturbations of the neuronal activation of the epileptic networks. We demonstrated that this non-invasive multiscale multimodal approach (FOS, ECoG/EEG) is suitable to study the pathophysiology of the IES in patients and shed new light on the mechanisms that propel neurons to the hypersynchronization in both animal and human epileptic models

O mundo ainda está enfrentando uma crise financeira, que começou em meados de 2007 e até o momento está longe de ser resolvida. Os mercados de ações ao redor do mundo reagiram mal e as notícias em tempo real nunca desempenharam um papel tão importante para os investidores, como visto nesta crise. Em outras palavras, o impacto dos meios de comunicação aprofundou a dinâmica de baixa dos mercados financeiros, o que é amplificada pela volatilidade intrínseca do mesmo. Assim, a Neuroeconomia veio como um novo campo de questionamentos, o qual tem a finalidade de estudar a tomada de decisão, tendo em conta o papel desempenhado pela emoção e seus aspectos fisio-patológicos. Se utiliza neste estudo uma amostra de oitenta (80) pessoas, classificados em quarenta alunos de graduação e quarenta (40) trabalhadores experientes do mercado financeiro (traders), ambos igualmente divididos em 50% do sexo masculino e 50% do sexo feminino. O escopo é de avaliar o envolvimento de uma ampla rede de circuitos neurais envolvidos na avaliação de riscos, benefícios e conflitos (esta ponderação está intimamente relacionada à serotonina em caso de riscos e benefícios no caso de dopamina) para cada grupo a fim de verificar como reagem neste ambiente. Compreender a funcionalidade de tais sistemas é de fundamental importância para a compreensão da dinâmica do mercado financeiro e de suas anomalias, ou seja, para registrar a percepção de cada indivíduo em relação ao sentimento geral do mercado, seja ele a favor ou adverso. Portanto, o principal objetivo desta tese é mapear a atividade cerebral usando uma técnica desenvolvida por Rocha (2001, 2004 e 2010), operando uma simulação de negociação da Bolsa de Valores BMF&Bovespa, a fim de compreender melhor a neurodinâmica do processo de decisão no mercado de capitais / The world is still facing a financial crisis, which started in mid 2007 and up to now is far from being solved. Stock markets around the world reacted badly and the real time news has never played such an important role to investors as seen in previous crisis. In other words, the impact of the media deepened the bear dynamics of the markets, that is, it amplified the volatility of it. Thus, Neuroeconomics comes as a new field of inquiring that has the purpose of studying decision making taking into consideration the role played by emotion and its physio-pathological aspects. Here, it is used a sample of eighty (80) volunteers, sorted out into forty undergraduate students and forty (40) experienced financial market practioneers (namely traders), both equally divided into 50% male and 50% female. The scope is to evaluate the involvement of a wide network of neural circuits involved in risk assessments, benefits and conflicts (this weighting is closely related to the serotonin neural circuits in the event of risks and benefits in the case of dopamine) so as to verify how both groups react to this environment. Understanding the functionality of such systems is of fundamental importance for understanding the dynamics of the financial market and its anomalies, ie to record the perception of each individual in relation to the general market sentiment, being it in favour or on the contrary, adverse. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is then to map brain activity using a technique developed by Rocha et al (2001, 2004 and 2010), operating a simulation of trading within the BMF&Bovespa, in order to better understand the process of neurodynamics decision making in the capital market