This thesis „Corporate Responsibility as a Form of Streamlining the Job Market“ aims to bring near the currently debated koncept of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). This problem is analyzed especially in terms of principles on lebour market working. This work also deals with a question of how (or if any) it is possible to improve the effectiveness of job market on on the basis of CSR.

The diploma thesis deals with resonance energy transfer in hydrogel matrix enviroment. In the theoretical part, all the important features of these systems and their components are summarized and all the principles for explaining the method used are described. The work also includes a short literary background research. In the experimental part, the resonance energy transfer was measured in micellar solutions and hydrogels in 0.15 M NaCl medium. The hydrogels were formed on the basis of interaction of the surfactant with the oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. As a positively charged surfactant, carbethopendecinium bromide (Septonex) was chosen and hyaluronan as the negatively charged polyelectrolyte. Perylene with fluorescein and perylene were selected as fluorescent pairs for RET. It has been found that increasing concentration of the acceptor molecule increases the intensity of RET, in other word the rate of acceptor binding to the donor. In the study of fluorescent pair of perylene with DiO was observed, that it was not appropriate to use fluorescence probe DiO at higher concentrations. Experiments were carried out to determine whether RET changes in the time from the point of mixing the donor and acceptor fluorescence probes together. This phenomenon has not been confirmed. In hydrogels, the effect of increasing surfactant concentration and molecular weight of hyaluronan was observed. The resulting analysis showed that the molecular weight of hyaluronan has a significant effect on RET efficiency in hydrogels.

Detta är en skriftlig undersökning och reflektion inom konstnärligt självständigt arbete på kandidatnivå. Syftet med undersökningen är att diskutera kring tekniskt invanda mönster, om det är möjligt att förändra dessa och i så fall hur dessa vanor kan förebyggas och åtgärdas. Som hjälpmedel för undersökningen används Sergej Prokofjevs andra violinkonsert i g-moll, i vilken det finns många tekniska svårigheter som hör ihop med de aspekter som behandlas. För att undersöka detta används olika metoder såsom förändringar i vardagen, olika övningssätt och mental träning. Det genomförs även en intervju med Cecilia Zilliacus, professor i violin vid Kungl. Musikhögskolan i Stockholm. Undersökningen av dessa metoder antecknas regelbundet och deras effektivitet relaterande ämnet diskuteras. I resultatet av undersökningen jämförs olika metoder med varandra och det diskuteras vad som är det mest effektiva sättet att hantera tekniska vanor. Undersökningens slutsatser visar att det går att analysera och förändra de egna vanorna med hjälp av olika metoder som förändrar den egna övningen. Detta kan vara användbart för musiker på alla nivåer som vill hitta strategier för att bli av med sina mönster eller fungera som inspiration för att hitta nya övningsmetoder. / This is a written investigation and reflection within artistically independent work at graduate level. The purpose of this study is to discuss technical habits and patterns, if it is possible, and in that case how these habits can be prevented and remedied. Sergei Prokofiev's second violin concerto in G minor is used as an aid to the investigation, in which there are several technical difficulties associated with the aspects being discussed. To investigate this, different methods are tested, such as changes in everyday life, different practice methods and mental training. It also contains an interview with Cecilia Zilliacus, professor of violin at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm. The development of these methods is regularly written down and their effectiveness related to the topic is discussed. In the summary of the survey, the different methods are compared with each other and it is discussed what is the most effective way to manage technical habits. The investigation shows that it is possible to analyze and change ones pattern with different methods that change the practice sessions. The study's conclusions can be useful for musicians of all levels who want to find strategies for getting rid of their patterns or serve as an inspiration for finding new practice methods. / <p>Inspelning av Sergej Prokofjevs andra violinkonsert, sats 1 tillsammans med pianist Erik Lanninger</p>

Vid kalkylering inför en tunneldrivning finns det vissa svårigheter med att bestämma hur lång tid arbetet tar och framför allt vid uppstarten av produktionen. Det kan leda till att anbudsofferter blir felberäknade med avseende på både tiden och kostnaden. Vid en felberäkning av hur mycket tid ett projekt kan tänkas behöva kan det i längden ge högre kostnader och därmed lägre intäkter. För att förhindra sådana fallgropar är ett steg att identifiera de problem som kan uppstå under produktionen och förhindra dem. Mätningar har därför utförts under uppstarten av ett tunneldrivningsprojekt i Norsborg. Även om mätningarna utförs på ett specifikt projekt är förhoppningen att det även ska kunna användas vid andra tunneldrivningsprojekt. Många resultat och slutsatser kan också tillämpas vid andra tunneldrivningsprojekt och kanske även vid helt andra byggprojekt. Mätningarna har skett ute på projektet och har innefattat tidtagning på de olika arbetsmoment som har skett under uppstarten och inom varje cykel. En cykel omfattar alla de arbeten som sker vid sprängning av en hel stuff, det vill säga från det att borrning påbörjas inför en laddning av salva till dess att salvan sprängts av och allt berg har lastats och rensats bort från stuffen. Problem som har uppstått under tiden och anledningen till dem har även noterats. Kvantiteter på hur många borrhål som har borrats och hur långa dessa är, hur mycket sprängmedel som har använts och hur många hål som har laddats har dokumenterats för att kunna ta fram kapaciteten under de olika momenten. Uppstarten redovisas per vecka med cirkeldiagram som visar hur mycket av den totala arbetstiden som har gått åt för varje moment. Här redovisas också hur mycket stopp som har skett för respektive vecka. Diagrammen ger en bra överblick över vad som har skett under uppstarten och vilka moment som har varit mer tidskrävande än andra.   Av diagrammen vid uppstarten kan utläsas att många problem som uppstod vid uppstarten hade kunnat förhindras om det funnits bättre maskiner eller att tillgången till maskinist från leverantör hade funnits på plats redan från starten. En del av problemen hade alltså kunnat förhindras eller reduceras redan vid kalkyleringen. Av resultaten som kan avläsas kring cyklerna har många olika faktorer spelat en stor roll kring huruvida effektiviteten och kapaciteterna förbättras. Dessa resultat redovisas i diagram där helheten visas kring de cykler som uppmätts och i mer specifika diagram där varje moment behandlas var för sig. Många olika slutsatser har dragits gällande de olika faktorer som påverkar effektiviteten. Lastningen, som är det mest kritiska momentet i cykeln, har visat sig kunna effektiviseras desto längre projektet fortskridit. / Planning a tunnel project presents certain difficulties in deciding how long the job will take, particularly at the start of production. This can lead to miscalculated quotations concerning both time and cost. A miscalculation of how much time a project may need can increase costs long-term and thus lead to lower revenues. In order to avoid such pitfalls, one measure is to identify the problems that can arise during production and prevent them. Therefore, measuring’s have been made during the start-up of a tunnel project in Norsborg. Even if measuring’s have been performed on a specific project, the expectation is that they can be used at later tunnel projects as well. Many results and conclusions can also be applied to other tunnel projects, and possibly even to completely different types of construction projects. The measuring’s have taken place at the project site and have included timekeeping of the various work tasks that have taken place during start-up and each cycle. A cycle covers all work that happens when blasting a full tunnel opening; that is, from the initial drilling for a charge until the charge has burst and all the rock has been cleared and loaded from the tunnel opening. Any problems and their respective causes during this process have been recorded. The number of drill holes and their length, how much explosives that have been used and how many holes that have been primed with charges, has been documented so that capacity during the various tasks could be outlined. The start-up is recorded on a weekly circle chart showing how much of the total work time has been spent on each task. It also shows any stoppages during the week. The charts provide a good overview of the proceedings during start-up and what tasks have taken more time than others. The charts show that many of the problems that arose during start-up could have been prevented if better machinery or an operator from the contractor had been available on-site from the start. Some problems could also have been prevented or diminished as early as the project planning stage.  By the results that can be read from the cycles many factors have played a big role of the improvement of the efficiency and the capacity. These results are shown in charts where the whole cycles can be studied and in more specific charts where every task are examined individually. Many conclusions have been read regarding the different factors that affects the efficiency. The loading that is the most critical task within the cycle have been able to become more efficient the longer the project has proceeded.

Activity-Based Working and Working from home are two ways of working that have been implemented by many organizations during the past years. However, the strike of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused firms to work from home until restriction of the ongoing pandemic have alleviated. Previous research has investigated the impact on employees when working activity-based respectively working from home during the pandemic with both positive and negative outcomes regarding communication and effectivity among other aspects. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate how the COVID-19 experience have impacted employee’s attitudes toward activity-based workspace post-pandemic. The study was following a qualitative research approach by conducting a case study. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and analysed to identify themes to gain a more in-depth knowledge of the findings. The findings confirms that the post-pandemic way of working is a mixture of activity-based working and increased desire of working from home. This depends on the matter of task and individual’s needs, much like the activity-based theory. What has changed is the perception of working from home that has showed employees benefits of increased focus and effectivity. The activity-based office will also provide effectivity, but with the link to socializing and physical communication advantages that working from home cannot offer. Organisations can use these findings to be better prepared when implementing activity-based workplaces and/or adapting to the challenges that the “new” working way may cause in the post-pandemic era.

Context: Globalization and a growing logistic structure is forcing organizations to maintain their market share through logistics control. Additionally, this can be accomplished by making one of the most essential processes, order picking more efficient and effective. The development of the logistics structure has resulted in automated systems attracting a large amount of attention. The writers inquire into the benefits of an increasing use of automated order picking methods. Along with highlighting the challenges and driving forces of manual and automated order picking processes.  Purpose: This study's main purpose is to analyze possibilities of increasing efficiency through a change from manual order picking to automated order picking for non-self-manufactured products, in the organization Arla Foods AB.  Method: The method that is applied to generate a result in this study is a qualitative method with quantitative data. This has been accomplished through observations and a semi-structured interview. In addition to this the empirical material has been analyzed through pattern comparison.  Results &amp; Conclusion: The empirical material illustrated that manual order picking included waste to a greater degree in contrast to automated order picking due to the variable of human labor. Unlike the Multipick system that is automated, human labor includes more challenges and is affected by external disturbances to a larger extent. Following the study has established that Arla Foods Multipick system has a higher delivery- security and reliability which has a relation to creating higher quality services.

L’objectif de cette étude consiste à déterminer si les conventions de l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT) sont effectives en ce qui concerne l’éradication du travail des enfants en Mauritanie. Cette effectivité est appréciée en mesurant la réception juridique et la réception sociale en Mauritanie de la Convention 29 sur le travail forcé, de la Convention 138 sur l’âge minimum d’admission à l’emploi et de la Convention 182 sur les pires formes de travail des enfants. La réception juridique des conventions est mesurée par un examen de l’intégration de leurs dispositions dans le droit national mauritanien. La réception juridique comprend également l’appréciation du contrôle du respect des conventions en territoire mauritanien. La réception sociale fait référence, quant à elle, aux stratégies de mise en œuvre des conventions de l’OIT par le Gouvernement mauritanien à travers ses programmes et ses politiques. Notre analyse démontre que l’effectivité des Conventions 29, 138 et 182 de l’OIT en ce qui concerne l’éradication du travail des enfants en Mauritanie est, selon nous, partielle. Dans l’ensemble, la situation tend à s’améliorer et le Gouvernement mauritanien tente de respecter l’esprit de ces conventions et de leur faire écho dans le droit national. Toutefois, il n’existe pas beaucoup d’information sur l’impact des programmes mis en place pour éradiquer le travail des enfants. / The objective of this study is to determine whether the International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions are effective in the eradication of child labour in Mauritania. Such effectivity is assessed by measuring the legal reception and the social reception in Mauritania of the Convention 29 on Forced Labour, the Convention 138 on Minimum Age for Admission to Employment, and the Convention 182 on the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour. The legal reception is measured by a review of the integration of their provisions into Mauritanian law. The legal reception also includes the assessment of the monitoring of compliance with the conventions in Mauritania. The social reception refers, for its part, to the strategies taken by the Mauritanian government to implement ILO Conventions, notably through its programs and policies. Our analysis shows that the effectivity of Conventions 29, 138 and 182 regarding the eradication of child labour in Mauritania are, in our view, partial. Overall, the situation is improving and the Mauritanian government tries to respect the spirit of these conventions and incorporate them in the national law. However, there is not much information available on the impact of the programs in place to eradicate child labour.

Mass Open Online Courses have been a phenomenon in education in the past few years. Although their popularity is globaly on the rise, it is not yet clear how sustainable MOOCs really are in the long run. Lack of academic texts and non- existing set of guidelines for the design and implementation of effective and successful MOOCs is one of today's problems. The aim of this paper is to create such criteria that can assess the MOOC quality and success, and subsequently assess current MOOC approach and effectivity as well as outline steps to increase their efficacy. In the paper, I present a novel analysis method of potential MOOC efficacy indicators. Then, based on created criteria, I define the importance of lector's active role in the course, the need for clear formulation and communication of rules, goals and expectations, and the significance of setting high course standards. At the end, I suggest ways of utilizing this thesis for further research.

This thesis investigates two a posteriori error estimators, based on gradient recovery, aiming to fill the gap of the error estimations for the Generalized FEM (GFEM) and, mainly, its modified versions called Corrected XFEM (C-XFEM) and Stable GFEM (SGFEM). In order to reach this purpose, firstly, brief reviews regarding the GFEM and its modified versions are presented, where the main advantages attributed to each numerical method are highlighted. Then, some important concepts related to the error study are presented. Furthermore, some contributions involving a posteriori error estimations for the GFEM are shortly described. Afterwards, the two error estimators hereby proposed are addressed focusing on linear elastic fracture mechanics problems. The first estimator was originally proposed for the C-XFEM and is hereby extended to the SGFEM framework. The second one is based on a splitting of the recovered stress field into two distinct parts: singular and smooth. The singular part is computed with the help of the J integral, whereas the smooth one is calculated from a combination between the Superconvergent Patch Recovery (SPR) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) techniques. Finally, various numerical examples are selected to assess the robustness of the error estimators considering different enrichment types, versions of the GFEM, solicitant modes and element types. Relevant aspects such as effectivity indexes, error distribution and convergence rates are used for describing the error estimators. The main contributions of this thesis are: the development of two efficient a posteriori error estimators for the GFEM and its modified versions; a comparison between the GFEM and its modified versions; the identification of the positive features of each error estimator and a detailed study concerning the blending element issues. / Esta tese investiga dois estimadores de erro a posteriori, baseados na recuperação do gradiente, visando preencher o hiato das estimativas de erro para o Generalized FEM (GFEM) e, sobretudo, suas versões modificadas denominadas Corrected XFEM (C-XFEM) e Stable GFEM (SGFEM). De modo a alcançar este objetivo, primeiramente, breves revisões a respeito do GFEM e suas versões modificadas são apresentadas, onde as principais vantagens atribuídas a cada método são destacadas. Em seguida, alguns importantes conceitos relacionados ao estudo do erro são apresentados. Além disso, algumas contribuições envolvendo estimativas de erro a posteriori para o GFEM são brevemente descritas. Posteriormente, os dois estimadores de erro propostos neste trabalho são abordados focando em problemas da mecânica da fratura elástico linear. O primeiro estimador foi originalmente proposto para o C-XFEM e por este meio é estendido para o âmbito do SGFEM. O segundo é baseado em uma divisão do campo de tensões recuperadas em duas partes distintas: singular e suave. A parte singular é calculada com o auxílio da integral J, enquanto que a suave é calculada a partir da combinação entre as técnicas Superconvergent Patch Recovery (SPR) e Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Finalmente, vários exemplos numéricos são selecionados para avaliar a robustez dos estimadores de erro considerando diferentes tipos de enriquecimento, versões do GFEM, modos solicitantes e tipos de elemento. Aspectos relevantes tais como índices de efetividade, distribuição do erro e taxas de convergência são usados para descrever os estimadores de erro. As principais contribuições desta tese são: o desenvolvimento de dois eficientes estimadores de erro a posteriori para o GFEM e suas versões modificadas; uma comparação entre o GFEM e suas versões modificadas; a identificação das características positivas de cada estimador de erro e um estudo detalhado sobre a questão dos elementos de mistura.

The Diploma Thesis deals with process indentification of chosen company, proposing solutions for its improvement. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first one describes terms and methods of strategic management, predictioning and economic evaluation. Second part delas with comapny's environment and internal structure, using analytical tools for identifying key factors. The third part of the Thesis is synthesizing, it defines specific solutions and process economic evaluation.