Para dar resposta às necessidades de saúde de uma população o sistema de saúde requer um nível de organização suficiente para acolher o usuário em suas unidades e dar conta de suas necessidades conforme rezam os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste sentido destaca-se a importância da implantação do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) preenchendo este vazio assistencial dentro da área de Urgência e Emergência. O presente estudo teve como Objetivo Geral: Analisar o processo de tomada de decisão dos profissionais de saúde no SAMU e sua relação com a produção de cuidado. Como Objetivos Específicos 1 - Analisar os elementos que concorrem para a tomada de decisão dos profissionais do SAMU no ato da cena; 2 - Analisar o processo de tomada de decisão na regulação do atendimento às urgências pelos médicos reguladores. O estudo é do tipo descritivo e exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. Foram sujeitos desta pesquisa os profissionais do SAMU que atuam no campo prestando assistência presencial ou por regulação ao usuário. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram a entrevista semi-estruturada e a observação participante. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em consonância com a Resolução 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde que trata da pesquisa com seres humanos. A tese que sustenta esse estudo é que as decisões tomadas que geram o trabalho vivo em ato dos profissionais do SAMU tem relação com o desenho do Sistema de Saúde local. Os dados dos depoimentos foram organizados em categorias e subcategorias com o software Atlas Ti 7.0. Com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2009) foram determinadas três categorias principais que respondem ao problema do estudo: Urgência e Emergência, Educação Permanente e Tomada de Decisões e relação com a Produção do Cuidado. O estudo revelou que os profissionais do SAMU utilizam-se do seu núcleo de saberes e práticas profissionais e do Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar, seus valores e conhecimentos empíricos para tomar decisões no ato da prestação da assistência ao usuário gravemente enfermo e que, essas decisões, são compartilhadas entre os membros das equipes. Foi possível apreender ainda que os princípios da Educação Permanente e Educação Popular em Saúde podem melhor qualificar o processo de tomada de decisões dos profissionais do SAMU. O Acolhimento e Classificação de Risco pode conferir uma linguagem padronizada para o adequado encaminhamento do usuário e suas demandas dentro do sistema de saúde. As tomadas de decisões dos profissionais do SAMU no ato da cena produzem resultados que podem ajudar na reorientação do modelo assistencial ou favorecer a manutenção de um modelo centrado no enfrentamento das situações agudas, quando implantado num Sistema de Saúde com problemas organizacionais e estruturais, além de colaborar na construção da Rede de Atenção as Urgências e da Rede de Atenção a Saúde como um todo / To fullfill the needs of a population, the Healthcare system requires a level of organization that is good enough to take care of the users in its facilities and cope with their needs, according to the principles of SUS, which stands for \"Sistema Único de Saúde\" (Brazil Healthcare system). In this way, we highlight the importance of SAMU, which fills the assistance gap in the area of Medical Emergencies. This paper had the general goal of analyzing the SAMU professionals\' process of decision- making and their relation to Healthcare production. As specific goals: 1- analyzing the elements that contribute to the decision-making of SAMU professionals at the place of occurrence; 2- analyzing the process of decision-making according to the regulation of the Medical Prority Dispatch System. This is a descriptive explanatory study of qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were the professionals of SAMU who act outdoors, dealing with emergencies or users regulation. The tools of data collection were semi-structured interview and observation in loco. The research was developed in consonance with Resolution 466/2012 from \"Conselho Nacional de Sáude\" (Healthcare regulator), which is responsible for research with human beings. The supporting thesis of this study is the course of action taken by SAMU professionals at dealing with emergencies has a relation to the local Healthcare System model. The interview data was organized in categories and sub-categories with software Atlas Ti 7.0. Having the \"Bardin Content Analysis\" (2009) as basis, we determined 3 main categories which solve the problem of this study. Medical Emergency, Permanent Education and Decision Making and its relation to Healthcare Production. The study has shown that SAMU professionals make use of their knowlegde and professional practice and Prehospital Treatment, their values and empirical knowlegde to make decisions at the site of the emergency and that, those decisions are shared among team members. We were also able to learn that the principles of Permanent Education and Popular Education in Health can improve the decision making process of SAMU professionals. The Risk Assesment can determine a standarazied language to an accurate plan of action to be performed. SAMU professionals\' decision making in loco produces results that can help in reorientating the Aid model or favor the maintence of a model centered in facing severe situations, when deployed in a Healthcare System with structural and organization problems, besides it can cooperate in contructing the Emergency Care Network and Healthcare Network as a whole

Para dar resposta às necessidades de saúde de uma população o sistema de saúde requer um nível de organização suficiente para acolher o usuário em suas unidades e dar conta de suas necessidades conforme rezam os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste sentido destaca-se a importância da implantação do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) preenchendo este vazio assistencial dentro da área de Urgência e Emergência. O presente estudo teve como Objetivo Geral: Analisar o processo de tomada de decisão dos profissionais de saúde no SAMU e sua relação com a produção de cuidado. Como Objetivos Específicos 1 - Analisar os elementos que concorrem para a tomada de decisão dos profissionais do SAMU no ato da cena; 2 - Analisar o processo de tomada de decisão na regulação do atendimento às urgências pelos médicos reguladores. O estudo é do tipo descritivo e exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. Foram sujeitos desta pesquisa os profissionais do SAMU que atuam no campo prestando assistência presencial ou por regulação ao usuário. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram a entrevista semi-estruturada e a observação participante. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em consonância com a Resolução 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde que trata da pesquisa com seres humanos. A tese que sustenta esse estudo é que as decisões tomadas que geram o trabalho vivo em ato dos profissionais do SAMU tem relação com o desenho do Sistema de Saúde local. Os dados dos depoimentos foram organizados em categorias e subcategorias com o software Atlas Ti 7.0. Com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2009) foram determinadas três categorias principais que respondem ao problema do estudo: Urgência e Emergência, Educação Permanente e Tomada de Decisões e relação com a Produção do Cuidado. O estudo revelou que os profissionais do SAMU utilizam-se do seu núcleo de saberes e práticas profissionais e do Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar, seus valores e conhecimentos empíricos para tomar decisões no ato da prestação da assistência ao usuário gravemente enfermo e que, essas decisões, são compartilhadas entre os membros das equipes. Foi possível apreender ainda que os princípios da Educação Permanente e Educação Popular em Saúde podem melhor qualificar o processo de tomada de decisões dos profissionais do SAMU. O Acolhimento e Classificação de Risco pode conferir uma linguagem padronizada para o adequado encaminhamento do usuário e suas demandas dentro do sistema de saúde. As tomadas de decisões dos profissionais do SAMU no ato da cena produzem resultados que podem ajudar na reorientação do modelo assistencial ou favorecer a manutenção de um modelo centrado no enfrentamento das situações agudas, quando implantado num Sistema de Saúde com problemas organizacionais e estruturais, além de colaborar na construção da Rede de Atenção as Urgências e da Rede de Atenção a Saúde como um todo / To fullfill the needs of a population, the Healthcare system requires a level of organization that is good enough to take care of the users in its facilities and cope with their needs, according to the principles of SUS, which stands for \"Sistema Único de Saúde\" (Brazil Healthcare system). In this way, we highlight the importance of SAMU, which fills the assistance gap in the area of Medical Emergencies. This paper had the general goal of analyzing the SAMU professionals\' process of decision- making and their relation to Healthcare production. As specific goals: 1- analyzing the elements that contribute to the decision-making of SAMU professionals at the place of occurrence; 2- analyzing the process of decision-making according to the regulation of the Medical Prority Dispatch System. This is a descriptive explanatory study of qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were the professionals of SAMU who act outdoors, dealing with emergencies or users regulation. The tools of data collection were semi-structured interview and observation in loco. The research was developed in consonance with Resolution 466/2012 from \"Conselho Nacional de Sáude\" (Healthcare regulator), which is responsible for research with human beings. The supporting thesis of this study is the course of action taken by SAMU professionals at dealing with emergencies has a relation to the local Healthcare System model. The interview data was organized in categories and sub-categories with software Atlas Ti 7.0. Having the \"Bardin Content Analysis\" (2009) as basis, we determined 3 main categories which solve the problem of this study. Medical Emergency, Permanent Education and Decision Making and its relation to Healthcare Production. The study has shown that SAMU professionals make use of their knowlegde and professional practice and Prehospital Treatment, their values and empirical knowlegde to make decisions at the site of the emergency and that, those decisions are shared among team members. We were also able to learn that the principles of Permanent Education and Popular Education in Health can improve the decision making process of SAMU professionals. The Risk Assesment can determine a standarazied language to an accurate plan of action to be performed. SAMU professionals\' decision making in loco produces results that can help in reorientating the Aid model or favor the maintence of a model centered in facing severe situations, when deployed in a Healthcare System with structural and organization problems, besides it can cooperate in contructing the Emergency Care Network and Healthcare Network as a whole

Aim:  To describe and develop understanding of  the patient’s first encounter with the involved persons at the scene of an accident and at the emergency department; with a special focus on describing the meaning of emergency care of patients in these caring contexts.  Method: The thesis uses a reflective lifeworld research (RLR) approach founded on phenomenological philosophy. The purpose with this approach is to describe the essential meaning and the variations of a phenomenon. Interviews with a lifeworld perspective were used for data collection and analyzed according to the RLR approach for searching for the essence of the phenomenon.  The four essences in the studies (I-IV) establish a general structure for the phenomenon. Findings:  Emergency care is characterized by an organisation, whose goal and resources are focused on life-saving, and that encounters a human being with needs of emergency care as well as existential support. The responsibility in emergency care means an intertwining of doing and being.  The one who is in charge takes responsibility for performing or “doing” medical actions, and by “being” close and present in the situation the patient can at the same time feel an existential support. The responsibility for the injured or ill body is handed over to a chain of persons with more and more specialized competence and resources. This hand-over entails a relief for all involved but fails in one link in the chain, namely to explicitly hand back  the responsibility to the patient.  When the patient’s condition allows the distance to be larger the responsibility pales and the existential support decreases. A gap between doing and being arises where the patient is left to regain control and independence. The intertwining of doing and being, which appears as soon as the one in charge is close and present to the patient, facilitates the hand-over to the patient who in a natural way is able to receive the responsibility with possibilities to be able to conclude the encounter. Conclusions: A new understanding of emergency care appears which entails more than just life support measures.  Emergency care includes different ways of communication in order to hand over the responsibility and complete the care chain back to the patient in a safe way. The results highlight the importance of empowering patients with a confirming, communicative contact throughout the whole caring process in order for them to retain their identity. There are also implications for educating students and personnel in inter-professional communication and work. In order to assist the intertwining between doing and being there are needs for the development of supportive structures for inter-professional reflection, which in turn would improve the interaction between patients and professionals in their encounter.

Sammanfattning Introduktion; Barn utgör en tredjedel av alla icke-planerade vårdtillfällen i Sverige. Sjuksköterskor verksamma inom denna kontext kommer därför möta både barn och deras föräldrar. Föräldrar vill närvara som stöd och tröst till sitt barn vid omvårdnadssituationer. Barnets ålder och tidigare erfarenheter påverkar barnets upplevelse vid omvårdnad. Familjefokuserad omvårdnad är ett begrepp som sjuksköterskor kan använda sig utav för att tillgodose barnet med viktiga resurser. Syfte; Syftet beskriver sjuksköterskors uppfattningar gällande föräldrars påverkan på omvårdnadssituationen vid icke-planerade vårdtillfällen av barn. Samt beskriver undersökningsgrupp i inkluderade artiklar. Metod; Litteraturstudien har en deskriptiv design som baseras på tolv artiklar. Inkluderade artiklar publicerades mellan 2005-2015 och hämtades från databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Samtliga tolv artiklar granskades och presenteras i resultatet. Resultat; I resultatet framkom olika teman som beskriver hur föräldrars känslor, beteende, närvaro, föräldrars val av religion/kultur, våldsamma/hotfulla föräldrar samt misshandlade barn där föräldern är förövaren påverkar omvårdnadssituationen vid icke-planerade vårdtillfällen av barn. Gällande granskningen av metodologisk aspekt, artiklarnas undersökningsgrupp, påvisades varierande beskrivning av dessa. Slutsatser; I föreliggande litteraturstudies resultat framkommer tydligt att föräldrars närvaro, känslor och beteende påverkar omvårdnadssituationen. En viktig del i omvårdnadssituationen kring barn är vikten av relevant information och kommunikation för optimal omvårdnad. Fokus bör läggas på hela familjen, eftersom alla medlemmar i familjen påverkar varandra. Därmed bör familjefokuserad omvårdnad vara en del av sjuksköterskans profession. / Abstract Introduction; Children makes a third of all non planned admissions in Sweden. Nurses working with this context will therefor meet both children and their parents. Parents wants to be present as support for their children when care situations. Family focused care is a concept that nurses can use to accommodate the child with important resources. Aim; The aim describes the nurses impact in care situations in non planned admissions of children. Also describes the included articles study group. Method; The litterateur study has a descriptive design that is based on seven qualitative, three quantitative and two mixed scientific articles. The included articles were published between 2005-2015 and was collected from the database Chinahl and PubMed. All twelve articles was examined and will be presented in the result. Result; The result showed different themes that describes parents behavior, presence, parents choice of religion/ culture, violent/threatening parents as well as battered children where the parent is the abuser will affect the care situation with non planned admissions of children. Regarding the audit of the methodological aspect, the articles study group demonstrated varied description of these. Conclusion; In this literature study it clearly emerges that parents presence, feelings and behavior affects the care situation. An important part of the nursing situation regarding children is the importance of relevant information and communication for optimal care. Focus should be on the whole family since every member of the family influence one another. Therefore should family focused nursing be a part of the nursing profession.

Bakgrund: Arbetsrelaterad stress hos sjuksköterskor bidrar till hög andel sjukskrivningar. Inom akutsjukvården så är arbetstempot ofta högre än inom andra delar av sjukvården och omsättningen av patienter är stor. Sjuksköterskor som arbetar inom akutsjukvården är mer utsatta för stress. För att hantera stress så kan copingstrategier användas. Syfte: Syftet är att ta reda på vilka stressfaktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans hälsa inom akutsjukvården, samt vilka copingstrategier som kan användas för att hantera dessa. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med tolv kvalitativa samt kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar som berör sjuksköterskan inom akutsjukvården, arbetsrelaterade stressfaktorer samt copingstrategier. Resultat: Det finns ett antal arbetsrelaterade stressfaktorer som bidrar till ohälsa och lidande för sjuksköterskan inom akutsjukvården. Copingstrategier som stöttning av kollegor, avlastande samtal, genomgång av verksamheten och mindfulness, bidrar till att den arbetsrelaterade stressen blir hanterbar och att hälsa uppnås Slutsats: Stressfaktorer som brist på sjuksköterskor, dödsfall eller sexuella övergrepp på barn, våld och hot från patienter och anhöriga, samt brister i arbetsmiljön bidrar till arbetsrelaterad stress. Copingstrategier kan hjälpa att motverka den stress som uppstår. Men för att copingstrategier ska fungera så är det viktigt att använda sig av de strategier som finns och att tid samt möjlighet finns på arbetsplatsen att utföra dessa. / ABSTRACT: Background: Work related stress among nurses contributes to a high percentage of sick leave. The work pace is often higher in the emergency care than in other work areas and the amount of people passing thru is high. Nurses working in emergency care are more exposed to stress. Coping strategies can be used to handle stress. Purpose: The purpose is to find out which stressors that has an impact on nurses health in the emergency care and which coping strategies that can be helpful to handle the stress. Method: Literature review of twelve qualitative and quantitative scientific articles regarding the nurse in emergency care, workrelated stressors and coping strategies. Results: Work-related stressors contributes to illness and suffering for the nurse in emergency care. Coping strategies like support from colleagues, debriefing, review of the workplace, and mindfulness contributes to that work-related stress is manageable and that health is achieved. Conclusion: Stressors such as lack of nurses, death or sexual abuse of children, violence and threats from patients and families, as well as deficiencies in the work environment contributes to work-related stress. Coping strategies may help to prevent work-related stress. But for coping strategies to work it is important to use the existing strategies and that time and opportunity are available at work to perform these.

Bakgrund: Fundamenten i vården grundar sig i ett värdefullt bemötande där patientens grundläggande behov tillgodoses. Ett fungerande team i vårdarbetet är en viktig del i att skapa en personcentrerad och patientsäker hälso- och sjukvård. Dessa faktorer är viktiga delar i ett gott omhändertagande av patienter på en akutmottagning. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att utforska vilka omvårdnadsbehov som blir tillgodosedda hos kritisk sjuka eller skadade patienter samt funktionen av teamsamverkan på akutmottagningen på Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala. Metodbeskrivning: En kvalitativ fältstudie inspirerad av principerna för praktisk etnografi. Med hjälp utav ett observationsprotokoll utfördes 50 observationer som sedan analyserades med deskriptiv statistik samt en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultaten från denna studie visar att personalen var skickliga på att kommunicera och skapa en relation med patienterna. Däremot var de inte lika bra på att göra patienterna delaktiga i vården. Otillräckligt tillgodoseende av patientens omvårdnadsbehov förekom speciellt rörande behandling av patientens smärta och hänsynstagande till patientens integritet. Teamet kring patienten på akutmottagningen upplevdes strukturerat och fungerande. De arbetsmodeller för teamerabete och kommunikation som implementerats på akutmottagningen användes i liten utsträckning.  Slutsats: Personalen på akutmottagningen har en god förmåga till kommunikation och att skapa en relation med patienten samt att arbeta i team. Detta är värdefullt för att skapa en god och trygg vård. Patienternas behov av smärtlindring och integritet blir dock inte tillgodosedda på akutmottagningen. / Background: The fundamentals of care are the basic human needs that have to be met in the treatment of patients to maintain quality care. To ensure safe and person- centered care the team working with the patients needs to be organized and functional. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore how the fundamentals of care needs are met for critical ill patients, and the structure and function of the team in the emergency department. Method: A qualitative field study inspired by the principles of practical ethnography. Fifty observations were made in the emergency department using a protocol and analyzed with descriptive statistics and a content analysis. Results: The results in this study shows that the staff was skillful in communicating and creating a relation with the patients, but not so much in making the patients involved in their care. The basic needs of the patients where insufficient met, especially concerning treatment of pain and taking the patients integrity into account. The teamwork was perceived as structured and functional. The implemented models according teamwork and communication of working in the emergency department was not used sufficiently. Conclusion: The staff´s ability to communicate, establish a relationship with patients and to work in teams where identified which contribute to a sense of comfort and security for the patient. Although the needs for analgetica is not fulfilled and the respect for patient´s integrity is not fully taken into account.

Background: At the emergency department parents arrives with their children in need of urgent medical care in various degrees. For a parent it can be hard to handle when their child has to go through treatments or medical examinations that can be unpleasant. A well-functioning cooperation between parents and caregivers is important to give the child a good health care. To implement familyfocused care can facilitate the care of the child and to increase the sense of participation. Purpose: The aim of this literature review is to describe parents experiences of care of their children at the emergency department. Methods: The study was conducted as a literature review. The articels were found in the databases Cinahl, PubMed, Web Of Science and by manual research. Results: Six factors were selected that had significance for parents’ experiences of the care of their child at the emergency department. These were: communication, information, participants, waiting times and pain management. The results showed that communication between parents, children and caregivers and also between the caregivers mutually influenced the experience. The parents wanted to feel involved in the care of their children. Depending on how long the family had to wait to meet the doctor they were satisfied in different degrees. Conclusion: Parents’ needs a good communication to feel satisfied with the visit at the emergency department. Parents’ felt that the waiting times could be improved. Whether the parents wanted to be present during some medical examinations or treatments of the child it was important to them that they were offered to attent. / Bakgrund: På en akutmottagning inkommer föräldrar med sina barn som är i behov av akut vård i olika grader. För föräldrar kan det vara svårt att hantera när deras barn behöver genomgå behandlingar och undersökningar som kan upplevas som obehagliga. Ett väl fungerande samarbete mellan föräldrar och vårdpersonal är viktigt för att barnet ska få en god vård. Att tillämpa familjefokuserad omvårdnad kan underlätta vårdandet av barnet samt öka föräldrarnas känsla av delaktighet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva föräldrars upplevelser vid vård av deras barn på akutmottagning. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt. Artikelsökning genomfördes i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed, Web of science samt manuell sökning. Resultat: Sex faktorer valdes ut som hade betydelse för föräldrars upplevelse vid vården av deras barn på akutmottagning, dessa var följande: kommunikation, information, delaktighet, väntetider samt smärtbehandling. Resultatet visade att kommunikation mellan föräldrar, barn och vårdpersonal samt vårdpersonalen sinsemellan påverkade upplevelsen. Föräldrarna önskade att få känna sig delaktiga i vården av deras barn. Beroende på hur länge familjen fick vänta på ett möte med läkare blev de nöjda i olika grader. Slutsats: För att föräldrar ska känna sig nöjda med vården av deras barn på akutmottagning behövs en god kommunikation. Något som föräldrar ansåg kunde förbättras var väntetiderna. Oavsett om föräldrarna ville vara närvarande vid vissa undersökningar och behandlingar av barnet var det viktigt att de blev erbjudna att närvara.

Bakgrund: Akutmottagningar behöver vara utformade för att kunna erbjuda en varierad patientgrupp akut vård. Arbetet på en akutmottagning karakteriseras av teamwork där sjuksköterskan förväntas kunna handla snabbt och kombinera omvårdnadsarbetet med medicinska och administrativa arbetsuppgifter. För att kunna uppleva en god arbetsmiljö krävs ett socialt kapital på arbetsplatsen, förmågan att uppleva mening och tillfredsställelse i arbetet samt ett gott stöd från organisationens olika skikt.  Syfte: Belysa sjuksköterskans arbetsmiljö på en akutmottagning.  Metod: Metoden som använts är en litteraturöversikt enligt Fribergs metod med syftet att skapa en överblick över det aktuella kunskapsläget inom ämnesområdet. Översikten utformades på tio vetenskapliga artiklar hämtade från CINAHL Complete och PubMed. Artiklarna analyserades enligt Fribergs modell för en litteraturöversikt, likheter och skillnader identifierades och tematiserades. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt användes Watsons omvårdnadsteori.  Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i form av tre huvudteman; fysiska, psykologiska och sociala aspekter av arbetsmiljön. De fysiska aspekterna utgjordes av undertemana Lokaler och säkerhet samt Bemanning och patienttäthet. De psykologiska aspekterna behandlade ämnena Att arbeta under tidspress samt Förekomst av utmattning, ångest och arbetsrelaterad stress. De sociala aspekterna inkluderade Teamwork och Konflikthantering.  Diskussion: Resultatet diskuterades med utgångspunkt i Watsons omvårdnadsteori och analyserades i relation till hur organisationen och ledningen såväl som sjuksköterskans inställning till omvårdnad kunde påverka arbetsmiljön. Resultatet tolkades även utifrån arbetsmiljöns påverkan på sjuksköterskans patientbemötande.

Akutmottagningar, psykiatrin, jourcentraler, äldrevården och ambulanssjukvården är några av de verksamheter som är utsatta för hotfulla och- eller våldsamma situationer inom sjukvården. Situationer som sjuksköterskor associerar till hot och- eller våld är i mötet med intoxikerade personer, vid triagering av lämplig/korrekt vårdnivå och i de fall då patienterna inte delar samma åsikter som sjuksköterskorna vid bedömning av lämplig vårdnivå. Det är inte enbart patienterna som är våldsamma utan också anhöriga eller åskådare. Rapportering av hot och- eller våld är bristande vilket kan bero på attityden hos en del sjuksköterskor att det ingår i yrkesutövningen. Hotfulla och våldsamma situationer ökar inom hälso- och sjukvården. Dessa situationer har belysts tidigare inom ambulanssjukvården vilket motiverar till att sammanställa redan existerande forskning i en systematisk litteraturöversikt. Syftet är att undersöka ambulanspersonalens erfarenheter av hotfulla och- eller våldsamma situationer i sin yrkesutövning. Till resultatet analyserades och sammanställdes tio kvantitativa studier och en kvalitativ studie. Det framkommer i resultatet att vanligast är att ambulanspersonal utsätts för verbala hot i form av trakasserier. Efterföljande var hot om fysiskt våld. Förövaren är den vårdsökande, den vårdsökandes anhöriga men även kollegor. Våld av fysisk karaktär förekommer oftare mot kvinnlig personal. Förövarna som var våldsamma var ofta drogpåverkade, patienter med skalltrauma, diabetes eller demens. Det rapporteras om sexuella trakasserier och sexuella övergrepp vilket den kvinnliga personalen var särskilt utsatta för. Gemensamt är bristen av rapportering av hotfulla och- eller våldsamma situationer. Orsaker till detta var dåligt förtroende för ledningen och att hot och- eller våld ansågs ingå i yrkesutövningen. Åtgärder från organisatorisk nivå i form av utbildning av ambulanspersonal krävs för att öka medvetenheten av potentiellt hotfulla och- eller våldsamma händelser. Med ökad medvetenhet kring fenomenet höjs personalsäkerheten, arbetsmiljön förbättras vilket leder till ökad patientsäkerhet.

A inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho tem ocorrido como um processo crescente; as duplas ou triplas jornadas, os baixos salários e as condições perigosas e insalubres têm ocasionado implicações negativas para sua saúde, especialmente relacionadas aos Acidentes de Trabalho (AT) e doenças relacionadas ao mesmo. Os AT têm aumentando em número e freqüência e retratam a violência e o desrespeito ao trabalhador existente no mundo do trabalho. Mulheres acidentadas e com ferimentos ocupacionais são encaminhados e/ou procuram o atendimento à saúde, sendo que, muitas vezes, os acidentes possuem forte associação com o trabalho. O estudo objetivou identificar a ocorrência de AT, entre mulheres, atendidas em situação de emergência em um hospital-escola na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, caracterizando-as quanto aos seus dados pessoais e profissionais; os AT foram identificados quanto ao número, tipo, causas, partes do corpo afetadas, diagnósticos médicos atribuídos por ocasião do atendimento aos acidentados e eventuais encaminhamentos posteriores efetuados pelos profissionais de equipe de saúde. O estudo abrangeu dois anos (2002-2003), obedecendo os procedimentos éticos recomendados, sendo autorizado pela Direção da instituição, consultando-se as anotações dos prontuários dos pacientes, a fim de que se identificar os AT femininos. Constatou-se que 82 mulheres sofreram 117 AT, considerando que 61 (74,39%) sofreram um acidente no período de dois anos estudados, observando-se também a ocorrência de poliacidentabilidade. Das 82 mulheres que sofreram AT, a maioria tinha idade entre 25 e 40 anos (52,78%); 47,56% casadas; 89,02% eram procedentes de Ribeirão Preto. Quanto à ocupação e/ou profissão exercida, os maiores percentuais (23,17% cada um) eram trabalhadoras dos serviços domésticos e de técnicas e auxiliares de enfermagem. Os AT ocorridos foram, em sua maioria, típicos (60,98%) e ocorreram período da manhã (41,46%). Quanto ao profissional que efetuou o registro no prontuário da acidentada, 52,44% dos casos foi realizado por mais de um membro da equipe de saúde. Quanto às causas dos AT, a maioria (32,93%) ocorreu por “Quedas" seguidas de “Exposição a Forças Mecânicas Inanimadas" (19,51%); Quanto aos diagnósticos médicos a maioria foi Traumatismos (78,62%); as partes do corpo mais afetadas nos acidentes, em 35,37% dos casos, foram os membros inferiores. Em relação aos encaminhamentos efetuados, 39,02% corresponderam a alta do paciente. Sugestões são feitas no sentido de minimizar tais ocorrências, de proteção ao trabalho da mulher e treinamento dos profissionais de saúde para que possam oferecer um melhor atendimento a estas acidentadas. / Women are increasingly inserted in the labor market; double and triple work days, low wages and dangerous and unhealthy conditions have entailed negative implications for their health, especially in terms of Occupational Accidents (OA) and work-related illnesses. The quantity and frequency of OA have increased and reveal the violence and lack of respect for workers in today’s labor world. Female accident victims and women with occupational injuries are sent to and/or seek health care. In many of these cases, the accidents are strongly related to work. This study aimed to identify the occurrence of OA among women attended in an emergency situation at a teaching hospital in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, characterizing them in terms of personal and professional data; The following OA characteristics were identified: quantity, type, causes, affected body parts, medical diagnoses reached during care and follow-up by the health team. The study covered two years (2002-2003), attended to recommended ethical procedures and was authorized by the Board of the institution. Patient file notes were consulted to identify OA among women. 82 women were victims of 117 OA, 61 (74.39%) of whom suffered an accident during the study period, while others were victims of various accidents. Most of the 82 female OA victims were between 25 and 40 years (52.78%) old; 47.56% were married and 89.02% came from Ribeirão Preto. Most of the women performed domestic services or were nursing technicians and aides (23.17% each). The largest part of OA was typical (60.98%) and occurred in the morning (41.46%). 52.44% of the accident records in the patient files were realized by more than one health team member. Most of the OA (32.93%) were caused by “Falls", followed by “Exposure to Inanimate Mechanical Forces" (19.51%). The most frequent medical diagnosis was Traumas (78.62%). The lower limbs were the most affected body parts in 35.37% of the cases. 39.02% of follow-up records referred to the patient’s discharge. Suggestions are presented to minimize these events, in terms of protecting women’s work and train health professionals to enable them to offer better care to these accident victims.