Prostitution is the oldest form of oppression. Many prostituted women in South Africa wish to exit sex work, but are unable to because they have no other means of earning money. There is a dearth of research available on assisting prostituted women to exit sex work in South Africa. This study explored the effectiveness of a Cape Town-based NGO's - Embrace Dignity - exit intervention for prostituted women. Using semi-structured interviews it investigated the experiences of eight prostituted women in Cape Town. The research goal was to be able to inform improvements to the intervention for exit. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to analyse interviews of women's experiences of the intervention. Findings revealed that attempting to exit prostitution in South Africa is an incredibly difficult and deeply complex process. An exploration of women's experiences of Embrace Dignity suggested that whilst it provides emotional and social support to prostituted women, it does not address their physical needs, most importantly that of employment. This study reveals that although emotional support plays a crucial role in assisting prostituted women to exit, it is secondary to the urgent physical support needed to satisfy the basic survival needs of prostituted women living in extreme poverty in South Africa.

Bakgrund: Ett fysiskt trauma kan innebära att människan blir påverkad fysiologiskt och existentiellt. Hälsa och välbefinnande är viktigt för att undvika psykisk ohälsa med ångest, depression, posttraumatiskt stressyndrom. Rädslor efter fysiskt trauma kunde påverka vardagen negativt för människan. Sårbarhet och lidande är något sjuksköterskan behöver kunskap om för att få en förförståelse för patientens hälsa och minska risken för vårdlidande. Sjuksköterskans vårdande har en viktig roll för att patienten ska få stöd. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienters erfarenhet av stöd efter fysiskt trauma och stödets betydelse för välbefinnandet ur ett patientperspektiv. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ litteraturöversikt. Resultat: Resultatet visade att patienter som utsatts för ett fysiskt trauma är i behov av en tydlig och konkret information från hälso- och sjukvården för att få ett ökat välbefinnande. Patienter var även i behov av stöttning som exempelvis rehabilitering för att få en ökad trygghet och minskad osäkerhet gällande skadorna. Emotionellt stöd var viktigt för patienterna för att uppnå känsla av hälsa och välbefinnande. Konklusion: Patienter önskade tydlig information och kommunikation för att uppleva trygghet och välbefinnande efter ett fysiskt trauma. Bristande information och kommunikation ledde till osäkerhet och minskat välbefinnande. Emotionellt stöd är viktigt för patienten att kunna återhämta sig och uppleva hälsa och välbefinnande. / Background: A physical trauma can mean that the person is affected physiologically and existentially. Health and well-being were important to avoid mental illness with anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder. Fears of physical trauma could also affect everyday life negatively for people. Vulnerability and suffering were something the nurse needed to experience for a pre-understanding of the patient's health. The nurse's caregiver played an important role in ensuring that the patient received support. Aim: The aim was to shed light on the patient's experience of support after physical trauma´s and the significance of the support for well-being from a patient perspective. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative literature review. Results: The results showed that patients who have been subjected to physical trauma are in need of clear and concrete information from the health service in order to increase well-being. Patients were also in need of support, such as rehabilitation, in order to have increased sense of security and reduced uncertainty regarding the injuries. Emotional support was important for patients to achieve a sense of health and well-being. Conclusion: Patients wanted clear information and communication to have increased sense of security and well-being after a physical trauma. Lack of information and communication could lead to insecurity and reduced well-being. Emotional support was important for the patient to be able to recover and experience health and well-being.

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Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är en av de vanligaste cancersjukdomarna hos kvinnor. Behandlingen av bröstcancerpatienter var mer likartad förr men idag är den mer varierande. Vid bröstcancerdiagnos utlöses en livskris och patienten hamnar i chocktillstånd. Enligt Cullberg (2003) påbörjar detta en process bestående av fyra olika faser: chockfasen, reaktionsfasen, bearbetningsfasen och nyorienteringsfasen. Att få diagnosen innebär en stor omställning i kvinnornas liv och de har alla olika behov av information och emotionellt stöd under hela sjukdomsförloppet. Syfte: Belysa vilka behov kvinnor med nydiagnostiserad bröstcancer har av information och emotionellt stöd i förhållande till sjuksköterskan från diagnos till behandling. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie bestående av 11 kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Två teman konstaterades: “information” och ”emotionellt stöd”. Dessa delades i två subteman; ”vid diagnos” och ”inför behandling”, för att särskilja behovet av information och emotionellt stöd vid olika tidpunkter. Slutsats: Denna studie har givit en förståelse för kvinnor som har drabbats av bröstcancer samt givit svar på vilken information och emotionellt stöd kvinnorna har eller inte har fått av sjuksköterskan. Att erhålla adekvat information samt ett gott emotionellt stöd är av stor vikt från diagnos fram till behandling av dessa kvinnor. Behovet av olika typer av information och emotionellt stöd varierade under denna period. Det kräver att sjuksköterskan är medveten om detta. Klinisk betydelse: Patienten hamnar i chock när hon får beskedet om bröstcancer och är inte alltid mottaglig för information vilket antyder att sjuksköterskan bör vara försiktig om hur mycket information som ges. Mer omfattande information kan ges närmre behandlingen. / Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Today women have many more treatment options than in the past. When receiving the breast cancer diagnosis women are often shocked and go through a psychological crisis. According to Cullberg (2003), a process starts consisting of four phases: shock phase, reaction phase, processing phase, and reorientation phase. Breast cancer diagnosis causes a big readjustment in women’s lives and they have different needs in relation to information and emotional support during the whole course of the disease. Aim: To Highlight the needs of information and emotional support for women with a recent diagnosis of breast cancer in relation to nurses from diagnosis up till treatment. Method: A general literature study based on 11 peer reviewed articles. Results: Two primary themes were identified; “information” and “emotional Support”. In addition there were two subthemes for both information and emotional support; “upon diagnosis” and “prior to treatment” to define the needs of information and emotional support at different times. Conclusion: This study has improved our understanding of women’s needs in the context of a breast cancer diagnosis and highlighted what information and emotional support nurses have or have not provided. It is clear that women appreciate adequate information and emotional support in association with a breast cancer diagnosis. Patient’s informational needs varied requiring that nurses be attentive to each patients specific needs. Clinical Implication: Patients are initially shocked and unreceptive to the first diagnostic information which suggests caution on how much information should be provided. More information can be provided at a later time when the patient is more receptive.

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Recent correctional literature has turned attention to the impacts of social support on formerly incarcerated populations. However, the research lacks the specificity of how social support may benefit probationers. In addition, most of the literature does not examine gender differences and the experience of social support. Finding a way to efficiently deal with being on probation and the many conditions imposed on their freedom in the community in order to avoid probation revocation is a major concern and challenge confronting men and women placed under community supervision. Positive social support is vitally relevant to supervision well-being. From the reentry standpoint, exploring the effects and role of social support on individuals under probation supervision is critical to understanding positive supervision outcomes. Using in-person interviews, this study explored types and sources of support received by 28 individuals under probation supervision.Probationers discussed family members as substantial providers of both instrumental and emotional support. This includes the provision of housing, transportation, caring for their children, and overall assistance in navigating difficult situations. Support from romantic partners was also reported, with emotional support being common. The findings from the data suggest that social support has pivotal impacts on one's well-being/ success during reentry. This study adds to the body of literature on social support and probationers by comparing men and women's experiences and the perceived availability of social support. Findings from the data reveal gender variations in the type of support received and the perceived sources of support. Implications for correctional policies that target probationers in terms of promoting positive family-probationer bonding and a clear comprehension of positive supervision outcomes via the enhancement of social support are discussed.

Positive social support, realistic job demand, and appropriate levels of control over their responsibilities can mitigate empathy fatigue and burnout among nurses, increase quality care for patients, and lay the foundation for teams to embrace challenges during crises. The COVID-19 pandemic stretched nurses in all these areas, leading many nurses to contemplate changing fields. Failure to address and embrace the difficulties that nurses face during such crises can result in loss of nurses and impact the entire healthcare industry. The present study used one-to-one interviews to glean insider perspectives of changes in job demand, control, and support nurses experienced as they showed up to work in COVID-19 units. Results showed that the bridge to overcoming daily battles and stresses came primarily through supportive education and skill building, emotional support from peers, and venting after a challenging event. Keywords: social support, emotional support, informational support, moral injury, Demand-Control-Support Model

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