Thesis (MTech (Human Resource Management)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009 / This thesis explores the barriers/constraints that the SMME may experience whilst attempting to recover their skills levies from the wholesale and retail SETA (W&RSETA). Skills development legislation was introduced in South Africa to address the previous disparities in education and training. The Skills Development Levies Act (SOLA) of 1999 established the introduction of skills levies. The SOLA stipulated that all companies with an annual payroll in excess of R 500 000 would be required to pay skills levies to the South African Revenue Service (SARS). SARS then distributes the funds to the relevant sector education and training authority (SETA). The company would then have the option of recovering up to seventy percent of its skills levies, provided that it had implemented various skills development and training initiatives throughout the year. While larger companies may be more attuned in terms of recovering these levies, small, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs) may experience difficulties in doing so. The research design included a descriptive study of both qualitative and quantitative components. The investigation was conducted by interviewing twenty stakeholders within the wholesale and retail sector. The stakeholders were divided into two categories, namely SMMEs and the assistants to SMMEs. The information was analysed within the context of the twenty stakeholders interviewed who were located in the Westem Cape area and registered with the W&RSETA. The findings indicated that the main constraints that SMMEs may be experiencing whilst attempting to recover their skills levies from the W&RSETA included: a lack of understanding of the grant recovery system; lack of time; burdensome administration; a lack of finance; and a lack of communication and support from the W&RSETA This research would be a pilot study that would provide a basis for a future study which may seek to provide practical recommendations to policy makers both in govemment and the private sector, in terms of assisting levy paying SMMEs within the W&RSETA to recover skills levies.

Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. / The main objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of Employment Equity Legislation on land reform delivery within the Provincial Land Reform Office of the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform in the Western Cape Province. In order to achieve this goal the researcher conducted a literature search of relevant books, journal articles, academic papers, news paper articles, legislation and subordinate legislation, policy documents, official reports, other applicable published and unpublished research materials. In conjunction with the literature search, the researcher developed a survey questionnaire to establish whether employment equity legislation does have a negative impact on land reform delivery within the provincial land reform office in the Western Cape. The survey was conducted arnonqst 60 employees within the Provincial Land Reform Office in Cape Town, including the District Offices of the Provincial Office. Fifty four (54) responses were used in the analysis, which represent a 90% rate of return. Based on the findings of the literature study and the empirical survey, 51.9% respondents' are of the opinion that the implementation of employment equity legislation does have a negative impact on land reform delivery within the provincial land reform office of the Western Cape. The researcher recommends that the department should consider using provincial demographics when employing staff within its provincial offices to ensure a more stable workforce. This is a true reflection of the responses as the majority of the respondents (81.5 %) agreed that Employment Equity (EE) targets should be based on provincial demographics rather than national demographics, whilst 13% of the respondents disagreed with this statement. Seventy seven comma eight percent (77.8 %) of the respondents also agreed that EE should reflect the target market being served. This will go a long way to foster good employer - employee relationships.

This thesis is a case study of the implementation of Ontario's 1987 pay equity legislation. Ontario's pay equity legislation was very progressive and was aimed at eliminating the portion of the wage gap between men and women caused by discrimination. The legislation mandated both public and private sector employers with more than 10 employees to create pay equity plans to eliminate the discriminatory portion of the wage gap. The legislation has met with some success. However, measuring the progress of eliminating wage discrimination is difficult because the Ontario government was unwilling to impose a coercive implementation regime. Consequently, the government has little information to measure either employer compliance or the results of employer pay equity plans. Employers have few incentives to comply with the legislation and the implementing agency has insufficient financial resources to monitor compliance. Clearly this implementation regime was a delicate political balancing of the interests of business and labour and women. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

The study aim to investigate perceptions of military personnel with regard to HIV/AIDS in the SANDF in some military Units of Bloemfontein. The military personnel includes all males and females whose ages range between 19 - 47 years, were included in the sample. The approach utilised were both qualitative and quantitative. The data collection technique were: Closed and open-ended questionnaires were distributed to 548 respondents. ~ Participant observation. ~ Review of documents. • Unstructured observations. .. Unstructured interviews. This different data collection techniques to gather valid and reliable information with regard to HN/AJDS in the SANDF were triangulated. The findings revealed poor perception with regard to HIV/AIDS in the workplace, health education, lack of privacy, and discrimination on the benefit of HIV/AIDS. The recommendations of this project deals with aspects which include HIV/AIDS education, inclusion of HIV/AIDS in all military courses, distribution of policy on HIVIAIDS to all military personnel, and involvement in HIV/AIDS awareness. / Health Studies / M. Cur. (Health Studies)

The study aim to investigate perceptions of military personnel with regard to HIV/AIDS in the SANDF in some military Units of Bloemfontein. The military personnel includes all males and females whose ages range between 19 - 47 years, were included in the sample. The approach utilised were both qualitative and quantitative. The data collection technique were: Closed and open-ended questionnaires were distributed to 548 respondents. ~ Participant observation. ~ Review of documents. • Unstructured observations. .. Unstructured interviews. This different data collection techniques to gather valid and reliable information with regard to HN/AJDS in the SANDF were triangulated. The findings revealed poor perception with regard to HIV/AIDS in the workplace, health education, lack of privacy, and discrimination on the benefit of HIV/AIDS. The recommendations of this project deals with aspects which include HIV/AIDS education, inclusion of HIV/AIDS in all military courses, distribution of policy on HIVIAIDS to all military personnel, and involvement in HIV/AIDS awareness. / Health Studies / M. Cur. (Health Studies)

The purpose of this research is to explore the need for, and the legal implications of, harmonising labour laws in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Chapter One highlights a number of factors that call for the harmonisation of labour laws in the SADC region and discusses some of the reasons why labour laws are not well developed in the region. The influence of globalisation on labour standards in southern Africa and the influence of regionalism on the harmonisation of labour laws are discussed at length. The inference that could be drawn from this discussion is that for a regionalisation process in southern Africa to be successful, there is an urgent need to harmonise the region’s labour law system. This thesis confirms that Southern Africa has many lessons to learn from the regional harmonisation of labour law in the European Economic Community and the current European Union. The implementation of international labour standards in southern Africa is investigated. The main areas examined include (1) freedom of association, (2) collective bargaining, (3) forced labour and (4) discrimination. The findings of this investigation show that there is no uniformity in the implementation of International Labour Organisation (ILO) standards in the SADC region and, therefore, it is recommended labour law should be harmonised in terms of ILO standards. In respect of the benefits to be derived from the harmonisation process, an empirical investigation was conducted in the SADC region and the following is recommended: the harmonisation of labour law in the SADC region will help with the implementation of ILO standards, protection of workers against the economic power of employers in the workplace and maintaining similar benefits for migrants in the region. / Mercantile law / LL.D.

The current South African legislative framework does not properly address the unequal bargaining position between employers and fixed term employees. Ineffective regulation of fixed term employment in South Africa has had the effect of excluding certain groups of fixed term employees from claiming the remedies provided in terms of the Labour Relations Act and other labour legislation. Furthermore, where remedies are applicable to them they are often ineffectual. Interpretational variation evident from case law pertaining to the enforcement of the rights of fixed term employees, indicate clear lacunae in the unfair dismissal protection afforded to these vulnerable employees. This is mainly a consequence of uncertainties related to the interpretation of the legislative provisions. The infusion of the values entrenched in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the development of the common law to reflect these values might augment the scope and availability of rights enjoyed by fixed term employees. But, changing socio-economic and political circumstances necessitates review and amendment of the legislation applicable to fixed term employees to meet the country’s constitutional and international obligations. Proposed amendments to the Labour Relations Act have been tabled. These amendments may be capable of addressing some of the current problems. However, they may also lead to other undesirable consequences. An investigation into problems related to the application of similar provisions as those proposed by the Labour Relations Amendment Bill in other jurisdictions crystallises some possible causes for concern. Some of the proposed changes could create new vulnerabilities, or renew old ones. / Private Law / LLD

The constitutionality of affirmative action in terms of section 8 of Act 200 of 1993 is investigated. The study contends that in constitutional interpretation it is permissible to have recourse to ethical precepts as long as these are anchored within the four corners of the Constitution. It is contended that the •equality clause• does not prescribe equality of outcome in favour of substantive equality of opportunity. It is asserted that group-based affirmative action may justifiably be attacked as being unconstitutional; either on the basis that it infringes the nonbeneficiary's equality rights in terms of sections 8(1) and 8(2) or that it falls beyond the constitutional protection afforded to affirmative action in terms of section 8(3). Furthermore, group-based modalities of affirmative action may also not constitute a permissible limitation on the fundamental right to equality, if compared to an individual-based socio-economic affirmative action model. / Jurisprudence / LL. M.

Despite the extensive research conducted on sexual harassment, very little work has focused on the legal and psychological constructions of women's resistance to sexual harassment. In exploring the legal and psychological constructions of women's resistance to sexual harassment, we are confronted with salient issues pertaining to the determination of the welcomeness requirement which call for a reflection. A key characteristic of sexual harassment is that it is unwanted by the recipient. It is for each person to decide what behaviour is acceptable to them and what they regard as offensive. Thus, although there is general agreement about what can constitute sexual harassment, the experience of sexual harassment is subjective in nature and the precise quantification of workplace sexual harassment is problematic. The present study aims to: (a) identify the reasoning/history behind the "unwelcomeness/unwanted" requirement, (b) assess the reasonableness of· the requirement of "unwelcomeness/unwanted" conduct, taking into account the various pieces of legislation and case law, (c) determine how the courts have interpreted this requirement and what factors are looked at, (d) determine whether the test is subjective or objective, (e) identify the struggle and debilitating effects sexual harassment has on women in the workplace. The results of this study will assist in gaining knowledge and understanding of the concept of "unwelcomeness/unwanted" conduct in sexual harassment cases and the effects it has on the victim which will go a long way in assisting management in any business to effectively implement strategies and disciplines to manage the problem of sexual harassment in the workplace. / Private Law / LLM (Labour Law)

摘 要 本文旨以保護與兩性平等之關聯性著手，「從兩性平等探討我國女性勞動者保護法令」，首先探究當前我國女性勞動者在勞動市場上所面臨之就業困境，其次探討聯合國、國際勞工組織、歐洲聯盟、經濟合作發展組織、美國、英國、日本等關於兩性工作平等法制之國際概況，並針對美、英、日三國在（1）就業上性別歧視之禁止（2）同工同酬原則之確立（3）兩性職業隔離之突破（4）工作場所性騷擾之禁止（5）母性保護原則（6）積極促進兩性工作平等方案之推動（7）兩性工作平等制度之執行機關與救濟途徑等重要兩性工作平等法制內容做比較分析與整理，以作為我國在推動與落實兩性工作平等法制之考據。最後針對我國現行保護女性勞動者及規範兩性工作平等事項之各類相關法律，做一整體檢討，並討論應如何將這些規定與追求兩性工作平等之理念相調和，藉以加強母性機能之特別保護，且同時又能落實兩性就業上待遇及機會之均等，從而創造雙贏之局面。 本文研究發現，雖然憲法、兩性工作平等法及相關女性勞動保護法令已明文針對性別平等以及婦女保護作規定，但卻未真正落實，致使我國女性勞動者在剛踏入職場的第一步便遭受招募上之性別歧視的困境，其勞動參與率偏低，薪資水準亦較男性勞動者低，且在勞動市場中，存在著明顯性別職業隔離現象，另外我國企業主給予女性勞動者之在職訓練與升遷機會均較男性勞動者少，而勞動市場中更存在著性騷擾、單身條款、婚育離職之現象與離職後二度就業之困難，如此諸多不利女性之就業現況，使我國女性勞動者在目前就業市場中處於劣勢地位且受到差別待遇。 另從本文「第四章 兩性工作平等國外法制之概況」、「第五章 美、英、日關於兩性工作平等制度之重要內容」研究兩性工作平等理念在國際間之趨勢，得知傳統勞動保護法制所強調之女性保護概念，已呈現不同之面貌，其由單純以女性保護這項因素作為立法保護之依據，已轉變從兩性平等出發，而現今科技與勞動醫學發達，亦是考慮是否給予女性勞動者保護之因素。因此過去對女性勞動條件之保護，有部分已經不符合上述潮流，且已無法滿足今日勞動樣態之多元化，反而成為部分女性進入勞動市場之障礙。但關於母性機能之保護，對女性或對國家、社會全體而言，具有不可欠缺之意義。同時，對於男女僱用平等原理之達成，亦是絕對必要之條件。因此，施行母性保護措施是從側面支持男女僱用平等原理的具體化行動，且母性機能之不可回復性，乃是基本母性保護不可遽然偏廢之主要理由。即便國際勞動組織之國際勞動公約不斷受到各國挑戰，但在限縮母性保護並予以彈性化之同時，亦課以國家在相關社會立法的周邊補充措施。可見國際潮流已從過去傳統女性勞動保護法制逐漸趨向兩性平等待遇及僱用機會均等原則邁進，但對基本母性保護仍採特別保護規定。 此外，經本文「第三章 我國女性勞動者就業之困境」及「第六章之第二至八節 我國現行各相關女性勞動者保護法制」之檢視後，發現我國現行女性勞動者保護法制漏洞百出，無法真正落實兩性於工作上之實質平等，雖已制定兩性工作平等法積極推動，但因現行兩性工作平等法之各法條過於簡要，不像國外先進國家針對各促進兩性工作平等相關法制以單獨立法方式或以詳盡之配套措施作輔助，故難免有掛一漏萬之處。此外，尚未對其相關法制作同步修法，使其各相關法制在運用上經常有衝突或矛盾之現象產生，此有待亟早修法改善，故本文「第七章」針對現行我國女性勞動者保護法令之立法缺失，提出法令面修正及實務面之建議方向，期盼藉此政策與法令改革，以達成我國憲法增修條文第十條第五項所揭櫫：「……消除性別歧視，促進兩性地位之實質平等」的崇高目標。