I studien har det försökt undersökas ifall tillit till överordnad och stärkande ledarskap kunde få anställda till att våga yttra sig om problem och komma med konstruktiva förbättringsförslag i svenskt telekomföretag. Studiens utgångspunkt har varit en kinesisk studie som demonstrerat detta fenomen i kinesisk kontext vilket skapade intresset att se ifall deras resultat kunde generaliseras till svensk kontext. Denna studie försökte replikera deras metod för att undersöka samma fenomen. I studien deltog 56 anställda som jobbade mot kunderna. 50 stycken besvarade enkäter var fullständiga och gick att använda till analysen. Med hjälp av korrelationsberäkningar och regressionsanalyser har det kunnat demonstreras att Tillit till överordnad och tre aspekter av stärkande ledarskapen (Deltagande i beslutsfattande, Coaching, Informera) separat hade ett samband med Anställdas yttrande. De tre stärkande ledarskapen utgjorde inte en mediator för Tillit till överordnad och Anställdas yttrande. Endast Informera kunde förutsäga Anställdas yttrande, dock med något osäkert resultat. Resultatet innebär i praktiken att ledare bör upprätthålla eller skapa tilliten till dem och utöva stärkande ledarskap mot sina anställda för att få dem att fortsätta våga yttra sig om problem och förbättringsförslag. Framtida studier kan fokusera på att bland annat undersöka utan extremvärden i analysen och kontrollera för kontrollvariabler. Då studien är en korrelationsstudie så har ej riktning eller kausalitet kunna uppmätas. Med experiment kan sådant undersökas mer noggrant. / This contemporary study explores the phenomenon of trust to leaders and empowering leadership in relation to employee voice in a Swedish telecommunication company. By employee voice, it refers to the extent an employee talks about problems/concerns and give feedback/improvements addressed towards the company. Previous study conducted in China has demonstrated that there is a correlation between trust, leadership and employee voice. This study tried to replicate their method and examine the same phenomena. 56 “front-line” employees participated in a survey, but only 50 responses were completed. The result showed significant separate correlation between the independent variables Trust in leaders and three aspects of empowering leadership (Participative decision-making, Coaching, Informing) and the dependent variable Employee voice, after calculating for correlations and carrying through regression analysis. The three aspects of empowering leadership did not mediate the effect of trust to leaders towards employee voice as predicted by previous studies. Only Informing by itself could predict employee voice, but the result could implicate some uncertainty. The implications of these results indicate that leaders should facilitate trust in them and practice empowering leadership to invoke employee voice. Future studies can continue this study by exclude outliers in the calculation and controlling for control variables. Because this is a cross-sectional study, causality could not be determined which could be improved by experimental design in future studies.

No description available.

Os estudos que abordam violência e trauma são, em larga medida, uma constante na literatura brasileira contemporânea. Vindo ao encontro dessa afirmação, a análise comparativa dos romances contemporâneos A chave de casa (2013), de Tatiana Salem Levy, e Sinfonia em branco (2013), de Adriana Lisboa, oferecem um tratamento original a essa temática na medida em que apresentam personagens femininas que subvertem a lógica da relação agressor versus vítima ao se tornarem agentes de violência. A partir dos romances em questão, este estudo visa a analisar de que maneira a memória é afetada pela experiência subjetiva, ou seja, pela percepção do trauma vivido. Para isso, dar-se-á destaque ao modo como as experiências traumáticas se manifestam ao longo das narrativas em termos de linguagem e recursos formais, bem como os efeitos dos acontecimentos no que concerne às reações/ações das personagens. Da mesma forma, buscar-se-á evidenciar em que medida a agência feminina rompe com a lógica binária naturalizada agressor masculino versus vítima feminina e se insere na fronteira de um espaço novo para se pensar o protagonismo feminino. / Studies that address violence and trauma are a constant in contemporary Brazilian literature. Following this trend, the present study analyzes two contemporary novels – A chave de casa (2013), by Tatiana Salem Levy, and Sinfonia em branco (2013), by Adriana Lisboa –, which offer an original treatment to the themes of trauma and violence, as both show women who subvert the logic of the abuser versus victim relationship by becoming agents of violence themselves. Based on these two novels, the present study aims to analyze how memory is affected by subjective experience, that is, by the perception of the trauma experienced. In order to do so, emphasis will be placed on the way traumatic experiences are expressed throughout the narratives in terms of language and formal resources, as well as the effects of events regarding the reactions/actions of the characters. We will also highlight the extent to which feminine agency breaks with the naturalized binary logic of ‘male aggressor versus female victim’, which gives us a new perspective on feminine protagonism.

本研究主要目的在分析國民校長賦權增能領導行為、組織創新經營與學校效能之間關係。研究採用調查研究法，以臺灣地區之公立國民中學教師為研究對象抽自北中南東71所學校，計有820位。問卷調查結果採用描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、逐步多元迴歸以及結構方程式等統計方式加以分析。 本研究得到下列項結論：一、目前國民中學校長賦權增能領導行為情況良好，並以「參與及自主決策」為最佳，二、目前國民中學組織創新經營表現良好，並以「組織氣氛創新」為最佳，三、目前國民中學的學校效能情況良好，並以「校園規劃設施」為最佳，四、背景變項在國民中學校長賦權增能領導行為、組織創新經營與學校效能之差異情形，五、國民中學校長賦權增能領導行為、組織創新經營與學校效能三者間具有正向的關聯。六、國民中學校長賦權增能領導行為及組織創新經營的分層面，對學校效能有正向的預測作用。七、國民中學校長賦權增能領導行為可透過組織創新經營，增強對學校效能的正向影響力。 最後，根據研究結果提出主要結論與相關建議，以供教育行政機關與國民中學之參酌。 / The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between empowering leadership behavior, organizational innovation management, and school effectiveness. Data were collected from 820 teachers of 71 junior high schools in Taiwan. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, pearson correlation analysis, stepwise regression, and structural equation modeling. Finally, the findings of this study are as followings: 1. The perceptions from the junior high school teachers about empowering leadership behavior are positive. Furthermore, “participation and autonomous decision-making” is the highest. 2. The perceptions from the junior high school teachers about organization innovative management are positive. Besides “organizational climate of innovation” is the highest. 3. The perceptions from the junior high school teachers about school effectiveness are positive. “campus planning and facilities” is the highest in addition. 4. To describe the differences of the background of junior high school principals’ empowering leadership behavior, organizational innovation management, and school effectiveness. 5. There are significant correlations between school effectiveness and principals’ empowering leadership behavior as well as between organizational innovation management and school effectiveness. 6. The sub-level of the principals’ empowering leadership and organizational innovation management can apparently predict the school effectiveness. 7. The results from structural equation model indicated that there is a positive indirect effect between principals’ empowering leadership behavior and school effectiveness when organizational innovation management served as a mediating variable. At last, according to the results, this study provides the conclusion and the suggestions particularly for the institution of educational administration and junior high schools.

[pt] Esta tese propõe que a liderança empoderadora tem um importante papel no engajamento de profissionais com alta qualificação, e, como consequência, sobre o seu desempenho e resultados alcançados pelas organizações, particularmente em empresas de serviços. O trabalho desenvolve um modelo teórico que associa a liderança empoderadora com o engajamento de profissionais da área de ensino, e através de sua mediação, com atitudes e comportamentos de alunos no segmento do ensino técnico. Estas premissas são investigadas empiricamente através de um estudo de campo, realizado a partir de dados levantados em uma amostra de 71 coordenadores de programas de ensino técnico, 404 docentes desses mesmos programas, e 577 discentes matriculados nos cursos. Os dados foram analisados através da aplicação de análise de regressão multivariada e testes de mediação. Os resultados sugerem que a liderança empoderadora tem impacto direto no engajamento de docentes do ensino técnico, e indireto na satisfação de discentes com o ensino, e em sua atitude em relação ao programa cursado. / [en] This thesis proposes that empowering leadership plays an important role in engaging highly qualified professionals, and consequently, on their performance and results achieved by organizations, particularly service companies. This work develops a theoretical model that associates empowering leadership with the engagement of professionals in education, and through its mediation, with attitudes and behaviors of students in professional education. These premises are investigated empirically through a field study, based on data collected from a sample of 71 coordinators of professional programs, 404 faculty from these programs, and 577 students enrolled in the courses. Data were analyzed through the application of multivariate regression analysis and mediation tests. The results suggest that empowering leadership has a direct impact on the engagement of faculty in professional schools, and indirectly affects the satisfaction of students with teaching, and their attitude towards the programs.

Os estudos que abordam violência e trauma são, em larga medida, uma constante na literatura brasileira contemporânea. Vindo ao encontro dessa afirmação, a análise comparativa dos romances contemporâneos A chave de casa (2013), de Tatiana Salem Levy, e Sinfonia em branco (2013), de Adriana Lisboa, oferecem um tratamento original a essa temática na medida em que apresentam personagens femininas que subvertem a lógica da relação agressor versus vítima ao se tornarem agentes de violência. A partir dos romances em questão, este estudo visa a analisar de que maneira a memória é afetada pela experiência subjetiva, ou seja, pela percepção do trauma vivido. Para isso, dar-se-á destaque ao modo como as experiências traumáticas se manifestam ao longo das narrativas em termos de linguagem e recursos formais, bem como os efeitos dos acontecimentos no que concerne às reações/ações das personagens. Da mesma forma, buscar-se-á evidenciar em que medida a agência feminina rompe com a lógica binária naturalizada agressor masculino versus vítima feminina e se insere na fronteira de um espaço novo para se pensar o protagonismo feminino. / Studies that address violence and trauma are a constant in contemporary Brazilian literature. Following this trend, the present study analyzes two contemporary novels – A chave de casa (2013), by Tatiana Salem Levy, and Sinfonia em branco (2013), by Adriana Lisboa –, which offer an original treatment to the themes of trauma and violence, as both show women who subvert the logic of the abuser versus victim relationship by becoming agents of violence themselves. Based on these two novels, the present study aims to analyze how memory is affected by subjective experience, that is, by the perception of the trauma experienced. In order to do so, emphasis will be placed on the way traumatic experiences are expressed throughout the narratives in terms of language and formal resources, as well as the effects of events regarding the reactions/actions of the characters. We will also highlight the extent to which feminine agency breaks with the naturalized binary logic of ‘male aggressor versus female victim’, which gives us a new perspective on feminine protagonism.

Submitted by Luciana Sebin (lusebin@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-13T13:04:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTFBB.pdf: 2974034 bytes, checksum: f889f6805378fb7648466885946a111c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-14T19:02:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTFBB.pdf: 2974034 bytes, checksum: f889f6805378fb7648466885946a111c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-14T19:03:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTFBB.pdf: 2974034 bytes, checksum: f889f6805378fb7648466885946a111c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-14T19:11:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTFBB.pdf: 2974034 bytes, checksum: f889f6805378fb7648466885946a111c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Não recebi financiamento / The study area of this work is the Alto Sertão of Sergipe, considered to be one of the most rural territories in the Northeast of Brazil. In this setting, there is the target audience of this research, mainly composed by family agriculturists who integrate the Association of Women „Resgatando Sua História‟ and work with different agricultural and non-agricultural activities, following the agroecology guidelines. This way, it is possible to notice the need of agriculurists to know the management tools to administrate the diversified range of information inherent to local productive, ecological and economical resources. So, this work has as its objective verifying what are the accounting-financial management instruments adopted by the Association, and also observing the socialproductive system to see if it is an alternative to improve their life conditions. We chose a qualitative approach to conduct this study, and data collection was performed through direct observations and semi-structured interviews with the associates. It was observed that they appropriated the necessary accounting and financial knowledge, so they could play the main role on the development of the agricultural and para-agricultural, management and social representation activities. We concluded that their organization as an association and acting under the precepts or agroecology has collaborated on the autonomy and empowering of women by increasing their income, food and nutrition security and ecological conservation of the caatinga, social-productive and political insertion of the associates. Also, data transparency of economical and financial data of the Association has collaborated to continue this solidary enterprise. / A área de estudo deste trabalho é o Alto Sertão sergipano, considerado um dos territórios mais rurais do Nordeste do Brasil. Neste cenário está inserido o público-alvo desta pesquisa, constituído predominantemente por agricultoras familiares, que integram a Associação de Mulheres „Resgatando Sua História‟ e exercem diversas atividades agrícolas e não agrícolas, observando os preceitos da agroecologia. Deste modo, nota-se a necessidade dos agricultores conhecerem as ferramentas de gestão para administrarem o diversificado leque de informações inerentes aos recursos produtivos, ecológicos e econômicos locais a serem manejados. Portanto, este trabalho detém como objetivo verificar quais são os instrumentos contábeis-financeiros de gestão adotados pela referida Associação, ao tempo em que se busca observar se o sistema socioprodutivo constitui-se numa alternativa para a melhoria das condições de vida das agricultoras associadas. Para a realização deste estudo de caso optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa, onde a coleta de dados se deu por meio de observações diretas e através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com as associadas. Observou-se que as associadas apropriaram-se dos conhecimentos contábeis e financeiros imprescindíveis para a realização dos registros e controles necessários à gestão, de tal modo, que elas assumem o papel de protagonistas no desenvolvimento das atividades agrícolas e paraagrícolas, de gestão e de representatividade social. Conclui-se que a opção das agricultoras em se organizarem associativamente e de atuarem sob os preceitos da agroecologia colaborou para a autonomia e empoderamento das mulheres, através do incremento da renda das associadas, da segurança alimentar e nutricional das famílias, da conservação ecológica da caatinga, da inserção socioprodutiva e política das associadas. Enquanto que a transparência dos dados econômicos e financeiros da Associação colaborou para a continuidade desse empreendimento solidário.

Os estudos que abordam violência e trauma são, em larga medida, uma constante na literatura brasileira contemporânea. Vindo ao encontro dessa afirmação, a análise comparativa dos romances contemporâneos A chave de casa (2013), de Tatiana Salem Levy, e Sinfonia em branco (2013), de Adriana Lisboa, oferecem um tratamento original a essa temática na medida em que apresentam personagens femininas que subvertem a lógica da relação agressor versus vítima ao se tornarem agentes de violência. A partir dos romances em questão, este estudo visa a analisar de que maneira a memória é afetada pela experiência subjetiva, ou seja, pela percepção do trauma vivido. Para isso, dar-se-á destaque ao modo como as experiências traumáticas se manifestam ao longo das narrativas em termos de linguagem e recursos formais, bem como os efeitos dos acontecimentos no que concerne às reações/ações das personagens. Da mesma forma, buscar-se-á evidenciar em que medida a agência feminina rompe com a lógica binária naturalizada agressor masculino versus vítima feminina e se insere na fronteira de um espaço novo para se pensar o protagonismo feminino. / Studies that address violence and trauma are a constant in contemporary Brazilian literature. Following this trend, the present study analyzes two contemporary novels – A chave de casa (2013), by Tatiana Salem Levy, and Sinfonia em branco (2013), by Adriana Lisboa –, which offer an original treatment to the themes of trauma and violence, as both show women who subvert the logic of the abuser versus victim relationship by becoming agents of violence themselves. Based on these two novels, the present study aims to analyze how memory is affected by subjective experience, that is, by the perception of the trauma experienced. In order to do so, emphasis will be placed on the way traumatic experiences are expressed throughout the narratives in terms of language and formal resources, as well as the effects of events regarding the reactions/actions of the characters. We will also highlight the extent to which feminine agency breaks with the naturalized binary logic of ‘male aggressor versus female victim’, which gives us a new perspective on feminine protagonism.

AFRIKAANS: In die tyd waarin ons leef is daar 'n wêreldwye oplewing in spiritualiteit. Mense raak al meer bewus van die feit dat hulle ook spirituele wesens is. Desnieteenstaande vind baie mense, veral Christene, dit moeilik om hul spiritualiteit uit te leef, aangesien tradisionele geestelike dissiplines nie noodwendig hul behoefte genoegsaam aanspreek nie. In hierdie studie is daar ondersoek ingestel na die gebruik van terapeutiese kuns as geestelike dissipline in die uitlewing van spirituele identiteit by die jong volwasse vrou. Terapeutiese kuns, wat as 'n hibried van tradisionele kunsterapie beskou kan word, het anders as kunsterapie 'n estetiese eindproduk ten doel nie, maar sou ook terapeuties van waarde kon wees. Die effek van 'n estetiese eindproduk op die skepper van die werk kan nie onderskat word nie. Estetika kan 'n belangrike element wees in die ervaring van God. Die estetiese aard van terapeutiese kuns staan daarom in diens van die uitlewing van spirituele identiteit. Dit is juis hierdie blootstelling aan skoonheid en ander estetiese ervarings wat 'n persoon se emosies kan transendeer en blootstel aan die groter, aangrypende realiteit van God. Die teologiese vertrekpunt waarvan hierdie navorsing uitgaan is gegrond in postfundamentele teologie met klem op bemagtigende, profeties-bevrydende, feministies-kontekstuele praktiese teologie. Die werkswyse wat die navorsing onderlê is die narratiewe benadering wat tuiskom binne sosiaal konstruksionisme. Daar word spesifiek gefokus op kwalitatiewe, feministiese, deelnemende navorsingsmetodologie. Die navorsing handel oor die verhaal van die Vyf Dogters van Eva, ek en vier mede-navorsers, wat deur die gebruik van terapeutiese kuns gesoek het na 'n manier om kuns in te span in die uitlewing van ons spirituele identiteit. Die waarde van hierdie navorsing is veral geleë in die feit dat dit gehandel het oor die werklike lewensverhale van vyf vroue en hul belewenis van terapeutiese kuns in die uitlewing van hul spiritualiteit. Die uitkoms van die navorsing is dus allesbehalwe 'n blote hipotese. Dit is "ervaarde werklikheid", wat hopelik ook vir ander van waarde sal kan wees. Alhoewel dit in hierdie studie duidelik word dat kuns en spirituele identiteit allesbehalwe onversoenbare terme is, bestaan daar steeds die persepsie in die kerk dat daar spanning tussen die kerk en kuns bestaan. Om hierdie rede word daar aandag gegee aan die verhaal van kuns in die kerk sedert die vroegste tyd, om sodoende te probeer verstaan waar hierdie spanning vandaan kom. Daar word ook gesoek na nuwe maniere om die verhouding tussen kuns en die kerk te beskou. Die veld van kunsterapie word ondersoek en daar word ondersoek ingestel na die treffende verband tussen kunsterapie en die narratiewe benadering. Daar word ook aandag gegee aan die vrou se unieke belewenis van haar spiritualiteit en geloofsontwikkeling, asook na spirituele identiteit, om sodoende verdere Iig te werp op die potensiele verhouding tussen kuns en geloof. Die belang van die ontwikkeling van 'n unieke simboolsisteem vir elke individu bestaande uit simbool, metafoor en ritueel in die beoefening van kuns as geloofsdissipline geniet ook aandag. ENGLISH: Recently there has been a worldwide revival in spirituality. People increasingly perceive themselves as spiritual beings. Yet lots of people, especially Christians, find it difficult to realise their spirituality. Traditional spiritual disciplines do not address this need sufficiently. In this research the use of therapeutic art as spiritual discipline in the realisation of spirituality in the young adult woman has been investigated. Therapeutic art, which can be seen as a hybrid of traditional art therapy, differs from art therapy in that it aims to achieve an aesthetic end product - yet it can be experienced as therapeutic. Although therapeutic art underlines the importance of aesthetics, it does not undermine the therapeutic process. The effect of an aesthetic end product on its creator can not be under estimated. Therapeutic art enhances the realisation of spiritual identity as its aesthetic quality serves as a means of experiencing God. It is this exposure to beauty and other aesthetic experiences that transcends an individual's emotions and exposes him/her to the greater, poignant reality of God. The theological basis of the research is grounded in postfoundational theology, focusing on empowering, prophetic-liberating, feministic-contextual practical theology. The research method is rooted in the narrative approach as found in social constructionism. Specific emphasis is placed on qualitative, feministic and participatory action research methodology. The research tells the story of the Five Daughters of Eve, myself and four co¬researchers, who use therapeutic art in search of the realisation of our spiritual identity. The research is not aimed at generalising outcomes. The outcome of the research is of specific value, due the fact that the true life stories of five women and their experience of therapeutic art in the realisation of their spirituality is highlighted. The outcome of the research is not only a hypothesis - it is based on 'experienced reality' that aims to serve as a contextual framework for others in search of the realisation of their spiritual identity. Research findings clearly support the fact that art and spiritual identity are not irreconcilable ideas. The relationship between the church and art are often perceived as strenuous. As point of departure, it is attempted to create an understanding for the narrative of the church and art. A common basis of understanding is required to fully comprehend the reason for this tension. As far as the relationship between the church and art is concerned, a search is undertaken towards new ways of understanding. The art therapy field is examined and used as basis for explanation. Research focuses on the connection between art therapy and the narrative approach. The unique experience of women's spirituality and faith development, as well as spiritual identity in relation to the potential relationship between art and faith are exposed. Inquiry is conducted in the importance of a unique system of symbols, consisting of symbol, metaphor and ritual in the pursuit of art as spiritual discipline. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Although the Task Team on leadership and development (DoE, 1996) has introduced the notion of shared (collaborative) leadership as embodied among others in school management teams, considerable doubt remains about its practical implementation (DoE, 1996). It seems that there may be widespread failure to implement the idea of collaborative (shared) leadership (DoE, 1996). The problem this research explores is whether, in the opinion of school management team members, the traditional approach to leadership has changed (DoE, 1996). According to Grant (2006 in Grant&Singh, 2009), despite an enabling democratic policy framework the leadership at many South African schools seems to remain firmly entrenched within the formal, hierarchical management structure. During the period of colonialism and apartheid in South Africa government legislation perpetuated a society of inequality based on race, class and gender (Grant 2006 in Grant & Singh, 2009). To control and maintain this inequality, government policies promoted centralised, authoritarian control of education at all levels within the system (Grant 2006 in Grant&Singh, 2009). Today, within a democratic South Africa, the South African Schools Act (1996), the Government Gazette of the Norms and Standards for Educators (2000) and the Task Team Report on Education Management Development (DoE, 1996) challenge schools to review their management policies, which have traditionally been top-down, and create a whole new approach to managing schools where management is seen as an activity in which all members of education engage and should not be seen as the task of a few (DoE, 1996:27). According to Moloi (2002 in Grant&Singh, 2009), although our education policies call for new ways of managing schools, many remain unresponsive and retain their rigid structures because educators are unable to make a shift away from patriarchal ways of thinking. It is against this backdrop that I explore whether leadership has indeed shifted to become more participatory and inclusive. One form of leadership that would reflect this shift is termed collaborative leadership (Grant&Singh, 2009). This form of leadership is based on the premise that leadership should be shared throughout an organisation such as a school (Grant&Singh, 2009). This alternate form of leadership allows for the emergence of teachers as one of the multiple sources of guidance and direction (Grant&Singh, 2009). According to Grant and Singh (2009), collaborative leadership offers a radical departure from the traditional understanding of leadership because it deconstructs the notion of leadership in relation to position in the school. It constructs leadership as a process which involves working with all stakeholders in a collegial and creative way to seek out the untapped leadership potential of people and develop this potential in a supportive environment for the betterment of the school (Grant&Singh, 2009). The general aim of this research is to investigate school management teams’ understanding of the implementation of collaborative leadership in primary schools in Gauteng District 4 in Pretoria. In this research I discuss important issues relating to collaborative leadership. My findings reveal that schools management teams indeed understand and implement collaborative leadership in their schools but also that collaborative leadership is much more than just working together as a team. My argument is that there must be a radical reconceptualisation of the concept of collaborative leadership as well as an attempt to move towards more dispersed and democratic forms of it. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted