O objetivo desta tese é proceder a uma análise discursiva dos documentos oficiais para o ensino de língua estrangeira (DOPLE-inglês), bem como a uma análise do discurso do sujeito-professor de inglês, problematizando e discutindo sua formação. Esta pesquisa está teoricamente orientada pelo aparato teórico-metodológico da Análise do Discurso, em especial em Pêcheux ([1969] 1997, [1975] 2009, [1982] 2010 e [1983] 1997); pelos processos de identificação advindos da psicanálise, a partir de Freud e Lacan, e reconfigurados por Pêcheux ([1975] 2009); e pelas discussões, de caráter discursivo, sobre a formação de professores, com Coracini (2003, 2003a, 2007, 2009), entre outros autores que incursionam nessa área. Os corpora foram constituídos a partir de duas fontes. A primeira, por sequências discursivas extraídas dos seguintes documentos: Proposta Curricular de Língua Estrangeira Moderna-Inglês (SÃO PAULO, 1988); Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais-Língua Estrangeira (BRASIL, 1998); Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais+Língua Estrangeira-Ensino Médio (BRASIL, 2002); Orientações Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino MédioLínguas Estrangeiras (BRASIL, 2006); e Proposta Curricular de Língua Estrangeira Moderna-Inglês (SÃO PAULO, 2008). A segunda, por sequências discursivas extraídas da aplicação de questionários e de entrevistas com professores de inglês da educação básica. Parto da hipótese de que há, no discurso dos DOPLE-inglês, contradições e conflitos relativos às posições identitárias imputadas ao sujeito-professor, o que cria um efeito de homogeneização do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, bem como um efeito-sujeito professor de inglês à deriva. A análise da materialidade linguística dos DOPLE-inglês revelou que o discurso educacional-pedagógico produz um efeito de homogeneização do fazer docente, efeito produzido, em especial, por um currículo que prescreve a ação pedagógica e que objetifica o sujeito-professor. Por sua vez, o sujeito-professor se inscreve em uma formação discursiva da falha, da falta, que o posiciona de forma imaginária no campo ora da culpabilização ora da confiança, ora identificando-se ora contraidentificando-se com o discurso educacional-pedagógico produzido e veiculado pelos/ nos DOPLE-inglês, o que cria um efeito-sujeito professor de inglês à deriva. A análise desse discurso traz à tona implicações para a formação com professores, em especial para a possiblidade de (res)significação de práticas tradicionais e tecnicistas tidas como naturalizadas e reificadas. / The objective of this thesis is to proceed to a twofold analysis of both Brazilian Foreign Language Teaching Curriculum Policies (DOPLE-English) discourse and English subject-teachers discourse, in order to problematize and discuss teacher education issues. This research draws on the materialist discourse analysis framework proposed by Michel Pêcheux, ([1969] 1997, [1975] 2009, [1982] 2010 and [1983] 1997); on the Freudian/Lacanian psychoanalytic concept of identification as reformulated by Pêcheux ([1975] 2009); and on discursive approaches to teacher education developed by Coracini (2003, 2003a, 2007, 2009) among other authors in that field. Research data has been gathered from two sources. The first one comprises discursive sequences from the following documents: Modern Foreign Language Curriculum (English) (SÃO PAULO, 1988); Foreign Language National Curriculum Parameters (BRASIL, 1998); Modern Foreign Language National Curriculum Parameters+-Secondary School (BRASIL, 2002); Foreign Language National Curriculum Guidelines for Secondary School- (BRASIL, 2006); and Modern Foreign Language Curriculum (English) (SÃO PAULO, 2008). The second source comprises discursive sequences collected through questionnaires and interviews with English teachers in basic education. My hypothesis is that there are contradictions and conflicts in the DOPLE-English discourse, which are related to identity positions attributed to the subject-teacher. Such contradictions, I argue, produce an effect of homogenization of the teaching and learning process, as well as an English teacher subject-effect adrift. The analysis of the DOPLEEnglish linguistic materiality has revealed that pedagogical discourse produces an effect of homogenization of the teachers practice, an effect created, especially, by a curriculum that prescribes the pedagogical action, causing the teacher to be objectified. Therefore, in this signification process, the subject-teacher is inscribed in the discursive formation of failure and lack, which positions him/her differently, depending on the imaginary identification processes at stake at the moment of enunciation: sometimes the subject-teacher is positioned in the field of blaming and sometimes in the field of confidence; sometimes s/he identifies and sometimes counter-identifies with the pedagogical discourse produced and conveyed by the DOPLE-English, which creates an English teacher subject-effect adrift. The analysis of this discourse highlights implications for an education with teachers, especially when it comes to the possibility of resignification of the already established/naturalized traditional and technicist teaching practices.

Este estudo tem como objetivo geral identificar as percepções de qualidade de vida no trabalho de professores de inglês utilizando-se o modelo de competências para a Gestão de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho e a Abordagem Biopsicossocial.Foi realizado um estudo exploratório descritivo, com a idéia de tornar o fenômeno em questão familiar. O trabalho caracterizou-se como descritivo, buscando, desta maneira, identificar as variáveis que determinam os critérios de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho na percepção dos professores. Foi utilizada a pesquisa survey, que pode ser descrita como a obtenção de dados sobre características, ações ou opiniões de determinado grupo de pessoas, por meio de um questionário. Os respondentes da pesquisa foram 91 professores de inglês, compondo uma amostra não-probabilística. Os resultados mostraram que esses professores percebem a qualidade de vida no trabalho de forma positiva, encontrando deficiência nas questões de saúde e carreira. Concluiu-se que, embora os professores de inglês demonstrem uma percepção positiva dos itens de qualidade de vida no trabalho, os resultados refletem a necessidade que as organizações têm em possuir estratégias bem definidas, pois a gestão de pessoas é prejudicada quando isso não ocorre, trazendo conseqüências no longo prazo por ações que são tomadas no curto prazo, ou seja, a gestão de carreira deve ser tratada de forma estratégica, pois a sua ausência tem afetado parte do processo de ensino, prejudicando a saúde do profissional. / The study investigated the perceptions of Quality of Working Life in the English teacher’s activities, based on the competency model for the Quality of Working Life and the Biopsychosocial Approach. It was conducted an exploratory and descriptive study, so that new ideas could be discovered through this investigation. The method chosen was the survey research, getting data about characteristics, actions and opinions within a group of people, using a questionnaire. Ninety-one English teachers attended this survey, representing a nonprobabilistic sample. The results showed that these teachers perceive positively the quality of working life, having problems in health and career matters. It was concluded that, although the English teachers demonstrate a positive perception in the quality of working life items, the results reflect the need organizations have in establishing strategies. When it doesn’t happen, it is harmful to People Management, bringing consequences in the long term. The lack of a career plan has affected part of the teaching process, causing physical diseases to the professional mentioned.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 elaine_pereira_daroz.pdf: 47253448 bytes, checksum: f4416c0bc519fcc628bbe5f63ab30c1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-30 / In technological society, we are often driven to use new technologies, since they are increasingly present in our daily lives. Education does not deprive this notice and, accordingly, has been mobilized. In public schools, the distribution of laptops to teachers, as well as tablets for students, the creation of computer labs and availability of multimedia features, such as data-show, the schools are examples of this notice of the government the use of technologies in teaching practice. However, what is the position of the teacher in this new scenario? This paper aims to analyze the speech of English teacher about teaching in the digital age. Under the focus of qualitative research, the work is guided on theoretical assumptions of Discourse Analysis of French line, founded by Michel Pêcheux, and developed by his followers in Brazil. Analytical procedures occurred from parts of the recordings, in consideration of the effect of a speech senses, and also in the design of a heterogeneous subject, subjugated by language, history and ideology, which makes his speech from different positions it occupies. This research aims to understand the position-subject English teacher in technological society as an essential, intrinsic to the teaching-learning process, and not just a vehicle for the transmission of knowledge. / Na sociedade tecnológica, frequentemente somos impelidos à utilização das novas tecnologias, uma vez que estão cada vez mais presentes em nosso cotidiano. A Educação não se priva a essa interpelação e, nesse sentido, tem-se mobilizado. Na rede pública de ensino, a distribuição de notebooks aos professores, bem como tablets para os alunos, a criação de laboratórios de informática e disponibilização de recursos multimídia, como data-show, nas escolas são exemplos dessa interpelação do poder público ao uso das tecnologias na prática docente. Todavia, qual é a posição do professor nesse novo cenário? O presente trabalho objetiva analisar o discurso do professor de língua inglesa sobre docência na era digital. Sob o enfoque de uma pesquisa qualitativa, o trabalho pauta-se nos pressupostos teóricos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, fundada por Michel Pêcheux, e desenvolvida no Brasil por seus seguidores. Os procedimentos analíticos ocorreram a partir de recortes das gravações, na consideração de um discurso como efeito de sentidos, e, ainda, na concepção de um sujeito heterogêneo, assujeitado pela língua, história e ideologia, que produz seu discurso a partir de diferentes posições que ele ocupa. A presente pesquisa visa a compreender a posição-sujeito professor de língua inglesa na sociedade tecnológica como parte fundamental, intrínseca ao processo ensino-aprendizagem, e não apenas um veículo de transmissão de conhecimento.

Abstract  This study examined grade 4-6 English teachers’ preferred approach regarding the timing of grammatical instruction, developed and distinguished by Spada and Lightbown (2008) as isolated and integrated form-focused instruction (FFI). Both isolated FFI and integrated FFI are described as taking place in primarily meaning-based communicative classrooms. They differ in that isolated FFI takes place separately from communicative activities, while integrated FFI occurs during communicative activities. Using this theoretical distinction, Valeo and Spada (2016) developed teacher and learner questionnaires. The teacher questionnaire, along with observations, was used in the current study to investigate the views of teachers in the context of Swedish compulsory school. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the questionnaire and observation data shows a preference for integrated FFI across all grades (grade 4, grade 5 and grade 6). At the same time, many teachers expressed the value of isolated FFI. The views of the teacher in this study align with previous research claiming that isolated and integrated FFI should not be mutually exclusive. Consistent with Valeo and Spada (2016), the teachers of this study pointed out that context, individual pupils and teacher beliefs may have an impact on decisions regarding the timing of grammatical instruction.

The purpose of this project is to examine interactive methodologies which provide effective EFL instruction and curricula that foster listening, speaking, and reading through the teaching of writing, peer review, and oral presentation skills.

This study steps into a long running discussion of the place of imaginative literature in First Year Composition (FYC) courses. Chapter one surveys the scholarship, including the work of Erika Lindeman and Gary Tate, two compositionists whose debate has been at the center of this discussion, and three scholars' responses to the issues their debate raises. Instructors might be able to include imaginative literature in FYC courses if they use the literature to support the courses' rhetorical goals rather than to "teach the literature" itself.

Dagens globaliserade samhälle är sammankopplat bl.a. via den digitala tekniken, vilket bidrar till utvecklingen av individens språk och kommunikationsförmåga. Dagens barn utvecklar sitt engelska språk och digitala kompetenser i skolan men även utanför genom interaktion via sociala medier och spelifiering. Detta faktum stärks såväl av tidigare forskning som presenteras i denna studie, som av de intervjuade lärarna som också presenteras här. Den sociokulturella teorin och multiliteracitet-teorin (multiliteracies) anses vara relevanta i denna studie eftersom båda anses bidra till elevers utveckling av språket, kommunikationsförmågan samt digitala kompetenser.   Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur engelsklärare som undervisar i årskurs 4–6 ser på implementering av digitala verktyg i engelskundervisningen, vilka fördelar och nackdelar kan det finnas enligt lärare samt vilka konkreta digitala verktyg som används. Denna studie vilar på den kvalitativa ansatsen. Den är viktig eftersom fokuset ligger på individens personliga tankar, idéer samt resonemang kopplad till språkinlärning och digitala verktyg. För att få svar på studiens frågeställningar användes semistrukturerade intervjuer.   Resultatet visar att engelsklärarna är positivt inställda till digitaliseringen och de använder olika digitala verktyg i sin engelskundervisning men även i andra ämnen dagligen. Dock visar studien att lärarna efterfrågar fortbildningar inom engelskan kopplade till digitala verktyg, bl.a. hur vissa andra program, hemsidor samt appar som lärarna inte har använt kan implementeras i engelskan för att stärka elevernas språkinlärning. De digitala verktygen som används är oftast filmer, musik, kunskapsspel, där Youtube, SLI, British Council Kids/Teens, Elevspel, Bingel och Kahoot används som mest. Dock anser de flesta engelsklärarna i studien att papper och penna inte bör bytas ut mot digitala verktyg, utan digitala verktyg är och bör vara ett komplement i språkundervisningen.

Det finns mycket forskning om skönlitteratur i undervisningen och vilka fördelar det ger att använda barn- och ungdomslitteratur i undervisningen av engelska som andraspråk. Däremot verkar barn- och ungdomslitteratur användas i engelskundervisningen i begränsad omfattning och de aktiva lärare jag mött under min lärarutbildning använder främst läromedel. Denna studie syftar därför till att genom intervjuer undersöka lärares arbete med barn- och ungdomslitteratur inom ämnet engelska i grundskolans årskurs 4–6, vilken typ av litteratur de använder och hur de arbetar med barn- och ungdomslitteratur i engelskundervisningen. Dessutom undersöker studien vilka effekter användning av barn- och ungdomslitteratur kan ha för elevers språkutveckling. Datainsamling gjordes i form av fyra intervjuer med engelsklärare för årskurs 4–6. Studien har sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i det sociokulturella perspektivet och materialet har analyserats utifrån en fenomenografisk ansats. Där studiens mål var att undersöka lärares förhållningssätt och uppfattningar om barn- och ungdomslitteratur i undervisning och nå en fördjupad förståelse för ämnesområdet. Resultatet visar att alla respondenter till viss mån använder sig av barn- och ungdomslitteratur i engelskundervisningen för elever i årskurs 4–6 och att de ser flera fördelar med det, så som variation i engelskundervisningen och ökad läsmotivation. Resultatet visar även en enighet om att läsning av skönlitteratur och arbete med barn- och ungdomslitteratur har effekter för elevernas språkutveckling och att de utvecklar olika förmågor och kompentenser. Studien strävar efter att uppmuntra och inspirera såväl blivande som yrkesverksamma grundskollärare i engelska till att våga använda barn- och ungdomslitteratur i sin engelskundervisning.

One of most prevalent issues surrounding English education internationally is the differentiation between Native English-Speaking Teachers (NESTs) and Non-native English-Speaking Teachers (NNESTs). What is sometimes termed the "Native speaker fallacy" is the notion that in order to be a proficient teacher of the English language one must either be a native speaker or possess native like fluency (Phillipson, 1992). This position is furthered by Hollidays Native Speakerism (Holliday, 2006) which suggests that within the field of English Language Teaching (ELT) there is an assumption that NESTs are better equipped to teach English language learners due to language proficiency and Western teaching methodology. Today, instructors who are native speakers of English are more sought after on the international market than their non-native English-speaking counterparts. NNESTs have less access to employment, fair wages and job security due to the perceived differences in language ability (Barry, 2011). The distinction between the two classes of teachers underscores the belief that NNESTs are often treated as second-class citizens (Braine, 1999). Subsequently, when employers and colleagues note the differences between English variety and dialect NNESTs' social and teacher identity in the classroom may be jeopardized (Varghese et al., 2005). The purpose of this qualitative, ethnographic case study is to explore the socio-historical lives of two NNESTs living in the Pacific Northwest. Specifically, this study is concerned with the way in which two NNESTs perceive their social and teacher identity in relation to being bilingual speakers teaching English. This study attempts to explore in a non-dichotomous fashion the manner in which these two actors describe and interpret their roles and positions as NNESTs.

The aim of this thesis is to find out how English teachers at secondary schools grade students' performance, to what extent teachers grade systematically and what the possible weaknesses in these systems are. A questionnaire sent to various types of secondary schools ('gymnázium', SOŠ, SOU) was used for data collection. Respondents were evaluated based on their grading approach, with questions covering, among others, the following areas: use of grading criteria and type of activities graded, grading principles followed, availability of grading guidelines within schools and the extent to which these were binding, teacher instruction on grading at university, and so on. The results of the research pointed to a non-systematic grading approach in English lessons which may result in inconsistency in student performance assessment across the secondary school system. In its conclusion, the thesis identified critical areas of the non-systematic grading approach and sought possible improvements. Keywords: grading, assessment, quantitative assessment, English languages skills, secondary schools, English teachers