Over the decades, as organizations begin to move globally there has been a sporadic flow of information in their supply chain. Competition today is forcing companies to integrate tightly with their suppliers and customers, in order to reduce the time available to flex the supply chain (SC) (Koh S.C, Saad S, Arunachalam S, 2006). The integration of firms and departments and information is getting more and more complicated. Regardless of enterprise system solutions being introduced as “integrated suites” they have failed to accomplish application and supply chain integration (Themistocleous, M. Irani, Z. O‟Keefe, and R. 2001). Therefore, this thesis aims to explore, gain better understanding and to explain the balance that may occur between the challenges and benefits gained from integrating enterprise resource planning and supply chain management.Our topic of interest could be view from both developers and user perspective. Developer/consultant‟s perspective is based on the viewpoint of those involved in and responsible for developing enterprise solutions. User‟s perspective, this perspective gives insight to how the integration process is perceived by organisations actually using the solutions. We chose the User perspective because we consider the user to be the direct beneficiary of whatever outcome is gotten from both the business solutions and its integration.In order to achieve a purposeful thesis. We decided to use an interpretive perspective which focus on exploring and gaining insight into issues of integrating enterprise system solution. We used both the inductive and the deductive approaches in our research. This would be advantageous due to the nature of our research topic, as there is little existing knowledge about the integration of enterprise systems solution within supply chain and there are lots of literatures related to the enterprise system solutions (ERP and SCM) been observed. The inductive approach would guide us to choose one or a few specific interactions to explore in-depth, while the deductive approach would aid us when making an hypothesis, since we would be collecting ideas about previous research and theories in order to guide us and make comparison.Conclusively, we found that the balance between challenges and benefits of ERP and SCM are unequivocal, as the benefits surpass the challenges and the effect of challenges on organisation‟s benefit is that it prolongs the short term benefit.

Logistics and Information System Development are hot topics in today’s business world. Although many studies have been conducted on these two areas, information about logistics costs is still lacking in many companies. Information Systems are tools that, if properly developed, aid organizations in processing data and providing information with speed, accuracy and quality to its intended users. A lacking in the relation between the business world and the Information System’s world was apparent in a studied company’s self-developed Enterprise Resource Planning system, where information about logistics costs was neglected. A case study made in this same studied company, show the importance of seven different logistics costs types and its related information. Using the analysis of the material gathered from both literary work and this case study, it was determined what information about logistics costs is neglected by the manufacturing organization’s self-developed ERP-system. Finally, it was concluded what information on these logistics costs that should be considered by manufacturing organizations for facilitating the understanding of total product cost of specific products and which may not be supported by these systems.

Dans le contexte économique actuel, les petites entreprises qui se développent sont confrontées à des problématiques d’organisation et de système d’information. C’est tout naturellement que ces entreprises considèrent la mise en oeuvre d’une solution ERP comme une véritable opportunité de se structurer, d’appliquer les bonnes pratiques de gestion et de disposer d’un outil de pilotage qui lui permettrait de soutenir sa stratégie. La complexité de ces projets réside dans le lien étroit existant entre l’organisation et le système d’information. Pour mener à bien ce projet d’entreprise, les petites entreprises se doivent de disposer d’outils pour les accompagner dans l’étude de leur organisation et la sélection d’un ERP. Pour cela, nous proposons dans cette thèse une contribution qui s’appuie sur la modélisation d’entreprise. Notre contribution se décompose en deux parties. Tout d’abord, nous élaborons une méthodologie de modélisation dans laquelle nous proposons un cadre de modélisation, un jeu de modèles et une démarche de modélisation. Ensuite nous proposons une démarche détaillée qui permet de guider étape par étape l’entreprise dans l’étude de l’organisation et de sélection de son futur ERP. Cette démarche s’appuie sur les modèles sélectionnés et élaborés dans la méthodologie de modélisation proposée. Ce travail a été réalisé en immersion, dans le contexte d’une petite entreprise afin d’être confronté au quotidien aux problématiques de ces entreprise et d’adopter une démarche de recherche / action qui nous permet de proposer une contribution très appliquée ainsi que de la valider avec la conduite d’un projet ERP concret. / In today's economic environment, growing small companies face a number of challenges in terms of their organization and information system. Such companies naturally see adopting an ERP solution as an opportunity to structure their business, apply good management practices, and acquire a management tool they can use to support their strategy. A company's organizational structure and information system are closely related, which makes finding the right ERP solution a complex process. To be successful in taking this step, small companies need effective tools to help them study their organization and choose a well-suited ERP system. In this thesis, we offer input on this process based on enterprise modelling. Our proposed "tools" are presented in two parts. First, we develop a modelling methodology, setting out a modelling framework, a set of models, and a modelling approach. We then present a detailed step-by-step approach which guides the company through the process of studying their organization and choosing their future ERP. This approach is based on the models selected and developed in the proposed modelling methodology. We prepared this thesis in immersion in a small company, which gave us daily insight into the challenges faced by such companies, and allowed us to take a highly applied research and action approach and validate our findings in the context of a concrete ERP project.

隨著全球化與網際網路的發展，生活方式也不斷地改變中。紡織品也從二戰之後的貧困而期待擁有，轉變為展現個人生活品味的標誌。個人化與特性化，漸成主流趨勢。過去單一樣式大量化生產的模式，已被量少多樣與客製化訂單所取代。 企業管理的方法，也跟隨著資訊科技進步與網際網路發展，從解決單一作業模式，進入統整規劃的階段，所以整合業務管理系統、財會系統、物料管理系統和生產管理系統的企業資源規劃系統因運而生。各式各樣的ERP流行於市面，但往往因產業特性與個別企業作業流程差異，難以完整地滿足企業需要。加之軟硬體建置成本，與日後維護的考量，使得企業評選ERP產生極大的困難。加之客製化風潮的興起，企業管理也極需要高度彈性，以因應客戶與市場的多樣化需求。ERP的管理彈性，也受到極大的考驗。尤其，市面流行之套裝軟體，其授權方式禁止對其核心程式變更，更造成導入企業過程的難度。然而客製化ERP可依企業或產業特性量身訂製，可有效地克服套裝ERP的僵固性。然而相對於發展成熟的套裝軟體，於軟硬體建置與日後維護的優勢，客製化過程需要更多前置規劃作業與後續發展思考。 本研究透過研究紡織業代表性個案在ERP從品選過程、導入過程的差異性，探討客製化ERP對於企業的影響性。透過此一探討，發現客製化ERP對於企業轉型的角色，從單純的電腦軟體，轉變成為推動企業作業革新、製程變革的主力。特別是K公司內部同時採用套裝與客製化ERP，直接比較此二類系統對於企業的個別影響。對於低變動性的事業體，套裝軟體即可滿足其絕大多數的需求性。小規模的客製功能模組，克服不同產業特性需求。而高變動性的事業體，如K公司H事業部與M公司，往往面臨量少多樣或客製化需求，僅能透過客製化ERP解決多樣化的原物料採購管理、生產調配。然而，從客製化ERP的規劃建置到導入完成的過程，企業人員重新檢討工作流程，並且融入未來發展所需要之彈性，直接促進企業轉型。人員的參與感、降低人力需求等週邊效益，提高公司向心力與降低人力成本。 由本研究的結果可知，選擇ERP系統首重企業目標，依循企業目標選擇適當與適性的ERP。客製化ERP可有效應付企業特殊需求，提升作業的彈性度。建置客製化ERP過程，亦推動企業的流程變革，改善工作效率，為企業轉型提供極大的助力。 / Textile industry is one of ancient industry around the world. It is deeply correlated with culture, lifestyle and economics. In the early of 20th century, two globalized wars made economic collapsed and countries reformed. Textile industry run massive production to fulfill global market. However, globalization and maturation of internet push new concepts, based on personalization, to every country. More and more customized orders instead. Management of textile industry faces to the new challenge from designing to manufacturing. Information technologies are introduced into management that integrate the processing from designing to manufacturing. Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP, was settle since 1992 and referred to integration and data-linking of sales and design, manufacturing and accounting. Various ERP systems have been bundled as commercial software for enterprises. It is very hard to be chosen an ERP software for fully fitting every industry, because of specific working process and demands. Somehow, authorizing of ERP is restricted to modify source code that function modules for some special working flows are coded as plugins, increasing of cost for setting and maintaining. At presence, customization as the main stream in the textile industry need more flexibilities of manufacturer to coordinate whole departments to co-work. Weakness of commercial ERP software is unable to efficiently integrate working processing of textile industry. Hereby, the study analysis some cases that introduced ERP to treatment working processing. We compared the commercial and customized ERP from selection to introduction. Commercial ERP was easy to set up and maintain, but restricted authorizing made hard to code new modules for solution of some working flow. Users were forced to modify flowing for the ERP, creating additional steps to finish a function. Otherwise, procedures for introduction of customized ERP were totally different from commercial. All of working flow have to be reconsidered and verified; than the ERP team which is composed with employee, consultant, and software engineers kick go to plan the map of ERP. Therefore, customized ERP has more flexibilities for corporate transformation. The result is presented that the most important criterial to selection of ERP is the vision of the enterprise. Customized ERP flexibly solute special requirements of industry and improve working efficiency.

Magister Commercii - MCom / Impact of data quality on utilisation and perceived usefulness of integrated Human Resources Information Systems (HRIS). Integrated HR Information systems have become prevalent in modern organisations. These systems promise operational efficiencies and competitive advantage. In order to deliver these benefits, the systems should be effectively utilised and perceived as a useful business tools. The utilisation and perceived usefulness of the HRIS could be influenced by quality of data it produces. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of data quality on the utilisation and usefulness of the HRIS. The aim was to ensure that organisations realise their investments in HRIS. This would be achieved by improving qualities that ensures effective utilisation of HRIS. Moreover, the study sought to enhance the body of academic knowledge in HRIS as far data quality is concerned. Mixed research method was used to meet the objectives of the study. Survey research and qualitative interviews techniques were employed. Statistical and deductive analysis was applied to raw data in order to draw conclusions. The study found that data quality positively influence utilisation and usefulness of HRIS. Moreover, findings revealed that the HRIS was predominantly used for operational, rather than strategic tasks. HRIS data is also not generally perceived to be of poor quality. HR practitioners emphasise accuracy over other quality dimensions. Organisations that seek to maximise their investment in HRIS should implement data quality improvement initiatives. This will ensure that the system is effectively utilised and produces high quality information for decision-making. This could lead to competitive advantage. Further research could be undertaken to understand; success factors for HRIS data quality initiatives, determinants of HRIS user satisfaction, drivers for dedicated HRIS management roles and the impact of having HRIS manager among others.

Managing the process of a product's development prior to its release is the dominant theme of this graduation thesis. In today's modern turbulent world, businesses compete to be a strong force in the market arena. From start to finish it is necessary to keep the consumer's demands and wants as the driving force when managing the operation. Factors that are critical in the implementation of the operation are working with a manageable portfolio, forecasting unforeseen expenses, profit gains and losses. Purchasing the most recent and efficient software program or electronics to assist in the operation could be more effective but more expensive upfront. On the other hand, purchasing a complex program or electronics will be ineffective if the user is unable to comprehend its complete functions or abilities. Proper and thorough analysis is necessary in foreseeing all possible obstacles to a smooth operation. Presently, it is not uncommon for companies to implement new technology without previous analysis. The result is a rapidly growing demand for a product reliant on this technology to help produce or support it. As a result, they find themselves in a tight spot very soon. Resolving the issue consists of additional and extended analyses of changes and in the reimplementation of the technology, a process that can be slow and tap into an already tight budget. In conclusion, this dissertation surmises that documentation of and organized implementation of processes in a real manufacturing corporation is necessary to improve not only the quality of processes in support of reaching economic targets but also in assuring quality labour performances of all employees.

This study addressed issues associated with implementing multiple data integrators. The process included implementing the same data integrator multiple times or implementing multiple different data integrators. It was shown that single data integrators implementations were failing at high rates. Environments were complicated because there were more acquisitions and mergers now than in the past, companies were required to be competitive while implementations were taking place, and possibly had short implementation time frames. The main goal of this study was to develop an agile, sturdy, and rigorous model that addressed the needs of companies that found themselves in situations where they needed to implement two or more data integrators and possibly business initiatives. This researcher developed a model and a questionnaire. The questionnaire was used to gather data from managers and practitioners in the information technology industry. The collected information was expected to show a consensus about the proposed JBurns Systems Implementation Model (JBSIM). Analysis showed various industry participants used different combinations of the proposed data integrators supported and they supported the proposed JBSIM. This model allowed for successful implementation of multiple data integrators used in this research. As this model matured, it had the potential that allowed the use of other data integrators not used in this research. It had potential that allowed corporate initiatives to be used.

The purposes of this dissertation were to define enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, assess the varying performance benefits flowing from different ERP system implementation statuses, and investigate the impact of critical success factors (CSFs) on the ERP system deployment process. A conceptual model was developed and a survey instrument constructed to gather data for testing the hypothesized model relationships. Data were collected through a cross-sectional field study of Indian production firms considered pioneers in understanding and implementing ERP systems. The sample data were drawn from a target population of 900 firms belonging to the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). The production firms in the CII member directory represent a well-balanced mix of firms of different sizes, production processes, and industries. The conceptual model was tested using factor analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and univariate Anova. The results indicate that the contributions of different ERP system modules vary with different measures of changes in performance and that a holistic ERP system contributes to performance changes. The results further indicate that the contributions of CSFs vary with different measures of changes in performance and that CSFs and the holistic ERP system influences the success achieved from deployments. Also, firms that emphasize CSFs throughout the ERP implementation process achieve greater performance benefits as compared to those that focus on CSFs during the initial ERP system deployment. Overall, the results of the study support the relationships hypothesized in the conceptual model.

L'objet de la thèse est d'analyser à travers l'étude des représentations et du comportement décisionnel du commissaire aux comptes, le processus d'audit légal dans un contexte de PME dont le système d'information est basé sur un PGI. Par conséquent, il s'agit de déterminer si la présence d'un système informatique intégré au sein de la PME contrôlée, est de nature à faire évoluer le processus d'audit légal. Dans le cadre d'une démarche interprétative et qualitative, des investigations ont été menées auprès de commissaires aux comptes, auditant en univers PGI/PME. Elles ont permis d'énoncer deux résultats majeurs. Le premier révèle que les progiciels de gestion intégrés sont créateurs de confiance pour certains répondants, mais suscitent également de la défiance pour d'autres. Toutefois, c'est la position critique qui est dominante. Le second enseignement de cette recherche souligne qu'il existe une évolution variable dans la pratique des auditeurs, ce qui met partiellement en échec la théorie de l'adaptabilité décisionnelle de l'individu. Plus généralement, les observations tendent à montrer que la technologie PGI ne remet pas en cause la finalité et les fondements de la démarche du certificateur. / The aim of this thesis is to analyse - through the study of the representations and decision-making behaviour of the legal auditor - the legal audit process in an SME-context where the information system is based on an ERP. Therefore, we intend to determine whether the presence of an integrated information system within the audited SME is likely to alter the legal audit process. In the framework of an interpretative and qualitative approach, investigations were carried out among legal auditors working in an SME/ERP environment. These surveys have allowed us to formulate two major results. The first result reveals that ERPs are trustworthy systems to some respondents, but they also arouse mistrust in others. However, on the whole, the sentiment of mistrust prevails. The second result of this research indicates that varied and unsettled changes exist in each auditors'work methods, which partly challenges the theory of individual decision-making adaptability. More generally speaking, observations tend to show that ERP technology doesn't call into question the purpose and the fondations of the auditor's approach.

The thesis deals with the application of the project management during the implementation of the ERP system Microsoft Dynamics AX in a selected company. First part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical knowledge of this area. Second part of the thesis is an analysis of the current state of the chosen company. The third main part responses to detected problems with the information system, based on previous analysis and using the methods of the project management.