Long term family fortune preservation is a matter of human behavior; it is a dynamic process of activity or group governance that has to be reenergized successfully in each successive generation to overcome the threat of falling into entropy. Each successive generation has to reaffirm its participation in such government system.Family enterprises are the fundamental actors of the economic activity, and also constitute a stability factor of the productive system, because the majority of them is small or medium-sized (SMEs), and that is why it is interesting to investigate their financial behavior.There is little knowledge concerning financing decisions of enterprises on emerging markets. There is a particular need of empirical work that identifies the financial patterns of developing countries enterprises. It is possible that these enterprises are creating a new financial structure that results convenient for their particular environment. / Long term family fortune preservation is a matter of human behavior; it is a dynamic process of activity or group governance that has to be reenergized successfully in each successive generation to overcome the threat of falling into entropy. Each successive generation has to reaffirm its participation in such government system.Family enterprises are the fundamental actors of the economic activity, and also constitute a stability factor of the productive system, because the majority of them is small or medium-sized (SMEs), and that is why it is interesting to investigate their financial behavior.There is little knowledge concerning financing decisions of enterprises on emerging markets. There is a particular need of empirical work that identifies the financial patterns of developing countries enterprises. It is possible that these enterprises are creating a new financial structure that results convenient for their particular environment.

Hormis l'intérêt croissant que suscitent l'entrepreneuriat international et l'entrepreneuriat organisationnel comme nouvelles voies de réflexion, la recherche académique dans les deux champs ne semble pas suffisamment insister sur les processus et les dynamiques sous- jacentes de l'internationalisation rapide des PME et de la formation de leurs orientations entrepreneuriales (OE). La présente recherche se donne comme objectif de proposer une compréhension systémique des processus entrepreneuriaux de la PME à internationalisation rapide en plaçant la logique de identification des opportunités d'exportation au cœur de notre réflexion. Le travail s'achèvera par une modélisation qualitative expliquant le phénomène en question.La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée aux fondements théoriques de la recherche, abordant les concepts clés de notre cadre conceptuel. La deuxième partie aborde empiriquement la problématique de la recherche. Après une première analyse de contextualisation, sont présentés et analysés les résultats d'une étude de cas multiples, réalisées au sein de six jeunes PME exportatrices marocaines du secteur agro-industriel.La recherche met en évidence des vecteurs internes (connaissances, expériences et capital social) et des contraintes externes (nature de l'activité et caractéristiques du marché local) comme déterminants de l'internationalisation rapide des PME étudiées. Plus important encore, deux configurations différentes de l'OE sont décrites en relation avec deux logiques distinctes de identification des opportunités d'exportation (une logique de type causale et une autre de type effectuale). / Despite the growing interest in international entrepreneurship and organizational entrepreneurship as new ways of thinking, academic research in both fields does not seem sufficiently emphasize the underlying processes and dynamics of the accelerated internationalization of SMEs and the formation of their entrepreneurial orientation (EO). This research aims to provide a systemic understanding of entrepreneurial processes of the SMEs by placing the logic of determining export opportunities at the heart of our thinking. The work will conclude by a qualitative model explaining the phenomenon in question.The first part of this thesis is devoted to the theoretical foundations of research, addressing key concepts of our conceptual framework. The second part addresses the problem of empirical research. After an initial work of contextualization, are presented and analyzed the results of a multiple case study, conducted in six young Moroccan exporting SMEs in the agro-industrial sector.The research highlights the internal vectors (knowledge, experience and social capital) and external constraints (nature of the activity and the local market characteristics) as determinants of the accelerated internationalization of young SMEs studied. More importantly, two different configurations of the EO dimensions are described in relation with two distinct logics of determining export opportunities (causal logic vs effectuale logic).

La présente thèse examine le processus de construction d'une stratégie au sein d'une organisation à la fois émergente (c'est-à-dire en phase de création et de développement) et pluraliste (c'est-à-dire aux objectifs multiples, au pouvoir diffus et caractérisée par une technologie imprécise). Plus particulièrement, le présent travail cherche à identifier des mécanismes sociaux spécifiques permettant : 1) une conciliation entre la pression centripète propre à une orientation entrepreneuriale et la pression centrifuge propre à un contexte pluraliste ; et 2) l'articulation entre la construction d'un sens collectif (ou identité organisationnelle), et la construction d'une structure collective de rôles. Afin d'apporter une réponse à ces questions, l'auteur a suivi une méthodologie ethnographique de type interprétatif, en procédant à une étude en profondeur d'un cas unique d'organisation à la fois émergente et pluraliste. Le terrain choisi fut celui d'une association d'affaires à vocation bilatérale franco-portugaise, pendant les cinq premières années de son existence (2005-2010). Les observations sur le terrain suggèrent qu'une organisation à la fois émergente et pluraliste correspond à un contexte de pluralisme extrême. Dans un tel contexte, la construction d'une stratégie découlerait essentiellement d'un processus de définition des rôles des plusieurs acteurs impliqués dans le projet entrepreneurial. Cette structure de rôles, tant sur le plan formel que sur le plan informel, serait déterminante non seulement pour la formation d'une stratégie mais aussi pour la construction d'un sens collectif : l'identité de l'organisation. / This dissertation examines the strategy formation process within an organization which is both « emerging » (i.e. in its creation and developing phase) and “pluralistic” (i.e. with multiple goals, diffuse power and unclear technology). More specifically, the present study aims to identify specific social mechanisms which allow: 1) to conciliate the centripetal pressure of an entrepreneurial orientation and the centrifugal pressure of a pluralistic context; and 2) to articulate the making of a collective sense (i.e. an organizational identity) and the definition of a collective role structure. In order to give an answer to those questions, the author adopted an interpretive ethnographic methodology, studying a single case of an emerging pluralistic organization. The chosen field was a young French-Portuguese business association during its first five years of existence (2005-2010). The main findings suggest that an emerging pluralistic organization is a context of extreme pluralism. In such a context, strategy formation would be essentially the result of the definition of the roles of each one of the actors involved in the entrepreneurial project. Such role structure determines not only the formation of a strategy but also the making of a collective sense (the organizational identity). That structure would be also the outcome of a moderated centralization of decision-making processes, a movement that stems from a division of the "strategizing work" between "managers", "legitimizers" and "facilitators".

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-07-30T15:49:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fábio Dal-Soto_.pdf: 1801276 bytes, checksum: 329733f8c759d9378b1b0965ddc5b55d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-30T15:49:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fábio Dal-Soto_.pdf: 1801276 bytes, checksum: 329733f8c759d9378b1b0965ddc5b55d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O tema da orientação empreendedora tem encontrado amplo abrigo na literatura inerente aos campos de estratégia e empreendedorismo. Neste estudo, assume-se a orientação empreendedora como conceito corolário do campo da estratégia, especialmente da vertente calcada na adaptação organizacional ou intencionalidade gerencial. No que tange ao campo empírico, as universidades constituem-se em um contexto relevante e pouco explorado para o estudo da ação estratégica, tendo em vista a dinâmica ambiental que constantemente as desafia, devido à necessidade de maior aproximação com a sociedade como um todo. A fim de atender as alterações ambientais e de interferir na própria dinâmica ambiental, as universidades têm se movimentado em direção a novos modelos organizacionais, com destaque ao da universidade empreendedora ou inovadora, o qual vem sendo utilizado em diferentes realidades econômicas e sociais. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar o estabelecimento da orientação empreendedora no ambiente acadêmico, baseado em proposições teóricas e nas transformações institucionais realizadas por universidades, no Brasil e na Suécia, em direção a um modelo de universidade empreendedora. Em termos metodológicos, esta pesquisa centra-se em um estudo de casos múltiplos ou comparativos, de natureza qualitativa, baseado em três universidades: duas no Brasil, a Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) e a Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), e uma na Suécia, a Lund University (LU). Como fonte direta de dados, entrevistas in loco foram realizadas com vários gestores das universidades pesquisadas. Dados secundários também foram coletados por meio de websites e documentos institucionais, livros, artigos, entre outros. Os resultados mostram o papel-chave desempenhado pela gestão estratégica das universidades pesquisadas no estabelecimento da orientação empreendedora, baseado na perspectiva indeterminista do ambiente. Os três casos pesquisados apresentam variadas ações e mecanismos de inovação e empreendedorismo em direção a um modelo de universidade empreendedora, por meio de comportamentos empreendedores recorrentes ao longo do tempo. Os casos estudados também revelam vínculo de origem da terceira missão acadêmica com as atividades de pesquisa e significativo enraizamento no entorno de atuação. / The topic of entrepreneurial orientation has found broad support in the literature related to the fields of strategy and entrepreneurship. In this study, entrepreneurial orientation is assumed as a corollary concept of the strategy field, especially of the approach based on organizational adaptation or managerial intentionality. Regarding the empirical field, universities are in a relevant and little-explored context in the study of strategic action, considering the constantly challenging environmental dynamics, due to the need for a closer relationship with the society as a whole. In order to answer the environmental changes and to interfere in their own environmental dynamic, universities have been moving towards new organizational models, especially the entrepreneurial or innovative university, which has been used in different economic and social realities. In this context, this research aims to analyze the establishment of the entrepreneurial orientation in the academic environment, based on theoretical propositions and institutional transformations accomplished by universities in Brazil and Sweden towards an entrepreneurial university model. Methodologically, this research focuses on a multiple or comparative case study, of qualitative nature, and set on three universities: two in Brazil, the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) and the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), and one in Sweden, Lund University (LU). As a direct data source, on-site interviews were conducted with several managers from the researched universities. Secondary data were also collected from institutional websites and documents, as well as books, papers, etc. The results show the key role played by the strategic management of the researched universities in establishing an entrepreneurial orientation, based on the indeterministic perspective of the environment. The three cases researched present several actions and mechanisms of innovation and entrepreneurship towards an entrepreneurial university model, through recurrent entrepreneurial behaviors over time. The cases also reveal an origin link of the third academic mission with the research activities and meaningful rooting in the surrounding environment.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-07-03T17:40:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreCarvalhoLindemam.pdf: 929527 bytes, checksum: 60b2d11de24543bd40bd55f690859780 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-03T17:40:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreCarvalhoLindemam.pdf: 929527 bytes, checksum: 60b2d11de24543bd40bd55f690859780 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Nenhuma / A partir da aplicação do conceito de empreendedorismo à organização surge a orientação empreendedora (OE), que se refere ao processo empreendedor no nível organizacional. A orientação empreendedora focaliza-se nos métodos, práticas e estilos de tomada de decisão usados para agir de forma empreendedora. Uma das formas de se perceber a OE de uma organização é através das suas dimensões: inovação, propensão ao risco e proatividade. Esta dissertação busca analisar a OE no contexto internacional. Neste sentido, destaca que as empresas interessadas em operar no mercado internacional precisam de criatividade, proatividade e cálculo de risco, para conseguir superar as dificuldades impostas pelo mercado. Em relação às operações no mercado internacional, a inserção das empresas brasileiras nesse mercado é considerada tardia em comparação às suas concorrentes de nações desenvolvidas. Realizar operações internacionais requer o desenvolvimento de estratégias deliberadas, que permitam o ingresso de produtos, tecnologias, gestão, recursos humanos, entre outros recursos de uma empresa, em país estrangeiro. Também envolve escolher a melhor estratégia, seja por exportação, contratual ou por investimentos, e requer da empresa ações pertinentes à superação de barreiras existentes à internacionalização, seja para entrada e/ou operações. Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, analisa, através de estudo de caso único, como o empreendedorismo no nível organizacional - aqui especificado como orientação empreendedora (OE) através de suas dimensões inovação, propensão ao risco e proatividade, bem como os seus elementos constitutivos - contribui no contexto de internacionalização de um grupo vinícola brasileiro, representado pelo Miolo Wine Group (MWG). Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e análise documental. Os principais resultados encontrados destacam que a OE contribui no processo de internacionalização do MWG através: da entrada em mercados estratégicos, na redução da barreira da falta de associação entre Brasil e o vinho de qualidade, na diferenciação dos seus produtos em relação aos demais produtos brasileiros na competição internacional, tecnologia avançada, qualidade dos produtos, no aproveitamento do potencial de algumas regiões ainda não exploradas, sendo benchmarking internacional, aumentando o volume de vendas, na identificação de ameaças e planejamento global, na identificação de inovações e através do fortalecimento da marca. / By applying the concept of entrepreneurship to the organization comes to entrepreneurial orientation (EO), which refers to the entrepreneurial process, at the organizational level. The entrepreneurial orientation refers to the methods, practices and styles of decision making used to act in an entrepreneurial way. One way to realize the OE of an organization is through its dimensions: innovation, risk propensity and proactivity. Companies interested in operating in international markets, need creativity, proactivity and risk calculation, to help them to overcome the difficulties imposed by the market. Regarding operations in the international market, Brazilian companies are considered late for its inclusion in comparison to its competitors from developed nations. International operations requires determination of strategies that could allow the inflow of products, technologies, management, human resources and other resources of a company in a foreign country. It also involves choosing the best strategy, whether for export or investment contract and requires the company, appropriate actions to overcome barriers to internationalization, both for entry and / or operations. This research is qualitative in nature and examines, through a single case study, how entrepreneurship at the organizational level, here specified as entrepreneurial orientation (EO) through its dimensions, which are: innovation, risk propensity and proactivity, and their constituent elements, contribute in the context of internationalization of Brazilian wine group, represented by Inside Wine Group. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentary analysis. The main findings highlight the OE helps in the process of internationalization of the MWG through: strategic market entry, reducing the barrier of lack of association between Brazil and wine quality, to differentiate their products in relation to other Brazilian products in international competition, advanced technology, product quality, in harnessing the potential of some unexplored regions, and international benchmarking, increasing the volume of sales, in identifying threats and overall planning, identification of innovation and by strengthening the brand.

L’orientation entrepreneuriale constitue un concept éprouvé en sciences de gestion. Si les travaux qui lui sont consacrés concernent très majoritairement les entreprises privées et retiennent une approche quantitative, on assiste à présent à une aspiration au renouvellement de la recherche autour du concept (méthodologie, champ d’application...). Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce courant en abordant l’orientation entrepreneuriale des élus locaux par le biais d’une démarche d’accompagnement par la prospective. Pour ce faire nous émettons deux propositions de recherche : la première repose sur le bien fondé de l’utilisation de ce concept chez les élus des collectivités territoriales et la seconde sur l’efficacité des démarches d’accompagnement fondées sur la prospective pour ces élus. Après une revue de littérature consacrée à la dimension entrepreneuriale des élus et une première approche du concept dans les collectivités territoriales au travers de trois minis cas, nous déployons une démarche qualitative de recherche intervention de type ingénierique. Cette dernière a pour objet d’accompagner la structuration de la filière Santé-Biotechnologies en Lorraine. A l’issue de cette thèse nous concluons à la validité des propositions émises. Nous mettons ensuite en évidence les apports conceptuels et managériaux et nous envisageons les perspectives de recherche qu’elle génère / Entrepreneurial orientation is now a highly-proven concept in management sciences. While the work devoted to the subject mostly relates to private enterprises and adopts a quantitative approach, a fresh current has now undertaken to revisit research in this field (methodology, scope…). This doctor’s thesis is in line with the new trend and shows elected local officials’ entrepreneurial orientation through a prospective accompaniment approach. To do this, I have come up with two research proposals. The first is based on stressing the relevance of resorting to the concept in a political environment, and the second rests on the efficiency of the prospective guiding steps destined for elected officials. The review of literature devoted to the entrepreneurial dimension of elected politicians followed by a preliminary approach of the concept through three case studies pave the way for an engineering qualitative approach of action research. It is meant to provide guidance for the structuring of the Health and Biotechnology sector in the Lorraine region. The conclusion of the thesis shows the relevance of the submissions and highlights the conceptual and managerial contributions before it opens up on some forms of potential ensuing research

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-08-28T21:45:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Bruno_Silveira.pdf: 1197274 bytes, checksum: adbfc1197c609f246303da7dddd96d57 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-08-28T21:55:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Bruno_Silveira.pdf: 1197274 bytes, checksum: adbfc1197c609f246303da7dddd96d57 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-28T21:55:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Bruno_Silveira.pdf: 1197274 bytes, checksum: adbfc1197c609f246303da7dddd96d57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Sem bolsa / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi associar a orientação empreendedora, capacidade dinâmica gerencial, capacidade dinâmica do agronegócio, incerteza ambiental, munificência ambiental e desempenho das cabanhas de ovinos do Brasil. A metodologia utilizada é quali-quantitativa, com estratégias do tipo exploratória e survey, respectivamente. Na pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, a fim de encontrar evidências que indiquem a confirmação das capacidades do agronegócio, utilizou-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Já no que diz respeito à abordagem quantitativa foi utilizado o programa SPSS®, versão 18.0, no qual foi realizada a análise fatorial exploratória para o construto capacidade do agronegócio, com intuito de validar a escala proposta. Assim, a amostra compreendeu 97 cabanhas de ovinos de diferentes regiões do Brasil, sendo que a maioria 59,7% concentra-se no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Na sequência, foi realizado o teste estatístico de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para verificar a normalidade de dados dos construtos. O coeficiente de Spearman foi utilizado para investigar a existência de correlação entre os construtos orientação empreendedora, capacidade dinâmica gerencial, capacidade dinâmica do agronegócio e desempenho. A seguir, realizou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para identificar se existem diferenças estatísticas que demonstrem que o desempenho oscila proporcionalmente a percepção da incerteza e munificência ambiental. Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória para o construto capacidade do agronegócio revelaram seis variáveis determinantes para diferenciação competitiva de empresas que atuam neste setor. Além disso, foi possível identificar o relacionamento positivo entre os construtos da orientação empreendedora, capacidade dinâmica gerencial, capacidade dinâmica do agronegócio e desempenho, bem como, a percepção da oscilação do desempenho frente à incerteza e munificência ambiental, indicando que a forma como o gestor percebe o ambiente e suas modificações têm impacto direto nos níveis de desempenho organizacional. Assim, um dos fatores determinantes para a manutenção da competitividade das cabanhas de ovinos é o conhecimento do gestor frente às tendências, oportunidades e desafios que surgem no setor. / The objective of this research was to associate the entrepreneurial orientation, dynamic managerial capacity, agribusiness dynamic capacity, environmental uncertainty, environmental munificence and the performance of sheep cabins in Brazil. The methodology used is qualitative and quantitative, with exploratory and survey strategies, respectively. In the qualitative research, a semi-structured interview was conducted, aiming to find evidence that confirms agribusiness capacities, using content analysis technique. For the quantitative approach, the sample comprised of 97 sheep cabins from different regions of Brazil, with a majority of 59.7% concentrated in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Qualitative data analysis was performed using the content analysis technique. In terms of the quantitative approach, the SPSS® program, version 18.0 was used, in which an exploratory factorial analysis was performed for the agribusiness constructs capacity, in order to validate the proposed scale. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was performed to verify the normality of the constructs data. The Spearman coefficient was used to investigate the existence of a correlation between the constructs entrepreneurial orientation, dynamic managerial capacity, agribusiness dynamic capacity and performance. Next, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to identify whether there are statistical differences demonstrating that the performance proportionally oscillates the perception of environmental uncertainty and munificence. The results of the exploratory factorial analysis for the agribusiness constructs capacity revealed six determinant variables for the competitive differentiation of companies operating in this sector. In addition, it was possible to identify the positive relationship between the constructs of entrepreneurship orientation, dynamic managerial capacity, agribusiness dynamic capacity and performance, as well as the perception of the oscillation of the performance against the uncertainty and environmental munificence, indicating that the way that the manager perceives the environment and its modifications have a direct impact on the levels of organizational performance. Thus, one of the determining factors for maintaining the competitiveness of sheep cabins is the manager's knowledge of the trends, opportunities and the challenges that arise in the sector.

The dissertation consists of two essays. The first essay studies governance structures and their effectiveness for start-up companies and their survival. We utilize data from the Kauffman Survey, which tracks a sample of firms from their inceptions through their first eight years of existence. We hypothesize and find evidence that a startup's governance system affects its survivability as well as its performance. We show that controlling for the firm size and the industry, cross-sectional variations in the performance of the start-up firms can be explained by governance variables; the presence of one or more independent board member on the board, the separation between the person holding the CEO position and the chair of the board. From the startup survival perspective, we show that the presence of one or more independent board member(s), the separation between CEO and board chair, and external funding are effective factors that promote a start-up's longevity. The second essay studies the direct and indirect relations between Governance and firm survival and performance through Entrepreneurial Orientation. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is defined as the attributes, including innovativeness, autonomy, risk-taking attitude, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness, that a business organization displays at the time of entry. Several researchers have studied the linkage between EO and organizational performance as well as the survival rate of new firms and find conflicting results. Reasons for the contradictory results might very well be the way the researchers have defined the EO attributes and the data source they use which is based on subjective responses. In the hopes of reducing inconsistent results, we propose that it is the governance factors that influence the performance and survival of these firm via mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Governance factors remove the definition as well as data measurement problems. By using the 8-year longitudinal data of 4928 startups, we show that governance system significantly impacts a start-up’s performance and survival via entrepreneurial orientation.

<p>This study empirically investigates the levels of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientation (MO), and their links to performance within the context of French Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs).</p><p>SMEs represent today the heart of the European strategy and account fro 99% of the total companies in France. The current study argues that SMEs and especially French ones deserve a particular attention.</p><p>Besides, even though many studies have been conducted in the fields of entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation, when combining both, only a few included performance in their empirical analyses. Moreover, most relied on large established companies or MNE. Little concern has been put in SME and none have been done on the case of French SMEs. The current study propose a cross-sectional analysis to investigate the combination of EO and MO and its impact on performance through a quantitative research method.</p><p>Based on existing theories and previous studies, three hypotheses have been formulated :</p><p>H1 : Companies that are entrepreneurial oriented outperform companies that are not.</p><p>H2 : Companies that are market oriented outperform companies that are not.</p><p>H3 : Companies that are both entrepreneurial and market oriented outperform companies that are either one or none.</p><p>In order to test those hypotheses, a online 24 questions survey has been administrated to a sample of 338 French SMEs. All questions were based on the works of Covin and Slevin (1989), Narver and Slater (1990), Lumpkin and Dess (1996), and Blois and Carson (2000).</p><p>The results show that all hypothesis are verified. However, if no correlation was found between EO and MO, the combination of both enables SMEs to achieve higher performance.</p>

This study empirically investigates the levels of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientation (MO), and their links to performance within the context of French Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs). SMEs represent today the heart of the European strategy and account fro 99% of the total companies in France. The current study argues that SMEs and especially French ones deserve a particular attention. Besides, even though many studies have been conducted in the fields of entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation, when combining both, only a few included performance in their empirical analyses. Moreover, most relied on large established companies or MNE. Little concern has been put in SME and none have been done on the case of French SMEs. The current study propose a cross-sectional analysis to investigate the combination of EO and MO and its impact on performance through a quantitative research method. Based on existing theories and previous studies, three hypotheses have been formulated : H1 : Companies that are entrepreneurial oriented outperform companies that are not. H2 : Companies that are market oriented outperform companies that are not. H3 : Companies that are both entrepreneurial and market oriented outperform companies that are either one or none. In order to test those hypotheses, a online 24 questions survey has been administrated to a sample of 338 French SMEs. All questions were based on the works of Covin and Slevin (1989), Narver and Slater (1990), Lumpkin and Dess (1996), and Blois and Carson (2000). The results show that all hypothesis are verified. However, if no correlation was found between EO and MO, the combination of both enables SMEs to achieve higher performance.