Man´s relationship with nature every day becomes more complex, with relations what are intensifying and diversifying. These relationships weave reality and, within them, the subjects will be positioned, interacting between themselves. Through perception and others contacts with the environment which we live taking part of and it composing it whiles he will become part of us. The perception is an experience endowed with meaning, having been described in the actual act of sense and meaning. In the context of man-nature relationship that perception turns to the understanding of man as nature and man attending this nature, building relationships in favor of integration or even destruction, and thus may become subject receives its own actions. These relationships, however, are not considered as sums of subjects, prints, objects or actions, because it does not give as something simple. Thus, in order to identify this diversity in its deeper aspects emerged as the relational field goal, investigate the environmental perception of the man-nature relationship by young / field and therefore know the meanings attributed to the significant and underlay of his speech. And for that, took 96 young in the Paranatama field Pernambuco State. Which were subjected to the technique of free association of words, adapted the technique of Abric (1994). Using the theme inductor, the term Human-Nature, five words were remembered, justifying them, followed by the most important evocation and later, justifying it as well. These consisted based on content analysis, the five significant: (I) Environment / Nature / Environment - represented by evocations: water, forest, planet, landscape, environment, nature, ecological context and dependence. (II) Environmental Problems - appointed by evocations: deforestation, pollution and destruction. The signifier (III) Productive Activities - were represented by evocations: farm, farming, land, planting, food, force, work, power, joy, living. (IV) Environmental Protection - was represented by evocations: reforestation, preservation and people. And finally, (V) Environmental Ethics - represented by evocations: respect, love, life, determination, positive, happiness and consciousness. The significant meanings and shows us that pervades a preoccupation with finitude of nature and, therefore, man´s relationship to nature needs to be rethought, redefining the meaning of the word life taking into consideration the nature of the discourse of caring for which ensures survival. This discourse, rooted in the perception of these young man-nature relationship that also signals the need for a systematic work in terms of an epistemological approach to environmental education by giving it meaning, applicability in the formal and informal education. / A relação do homem com a natureza a cada dia se torna mais complexa, com relações que estão se intensificando e se diversificando. Estas relações vão tecendo a realidade e, dentro delas, os sujeitos vão se posicionando, se interagindo. Através da percepção e de outros contatos com o meio ao qual vivemos vamos tomando parte dele, compondo-o ao mesmo tempo em que ele vai tornando-se parte de nós. A percepção é uma experiência dotada de significação, tendo-se o real descrito no ato do sentido e da significação. No contexto da relação homem-natureza essa percepção se volta para a compreensão do homem como natureza e o homem participando dessa natureza, construindo relações de integração favorável ou mesmo de destruição, e assim, podendo tornar-se sujeito aufere de suas próprias ações. Essas relações, porém, não são consideradas como somas de sujeitos, de impressões, de objetos ou de ações, pois não se dão como algo simples. Assim, com o intuito de se identificar essa diversidade, em seus aspectos mais profundos no campo relacional surgiu como objetivo, investigar a percepção ambiental da relação homem-natureza pelos jovens do/no campo e, consequentemente, conhecer os significantes e sentidos atribuídos à subjacência do seu discurso. E para isso, participaram 96 jovens do/no campo do município de Paranatama-Pernambuco. Os quais foram submetidos à técnica de associação livre de palavras, adaptado da técnica de Abric (1994). Usando-se como tema indutor, o termo Homem-Natureza, cinco palavras eram lembradas, justificando-as, seguido da evocação mais importante e posteriormente, justificando-a também. Dessas constituiu-se, com base na análise de conteúdo, os cinco significantes: (I) Meio Ambiente/Natureza/Ambiente representados pelas evocações: água, floresta, planeta, paisagem, ambiente, natureza, meio ambiente e dependência. (II) Problemas Ambientais apontada pelas evocações: desmatamento, destruição e poluição. Do significante (III) Atividades Produtivas foram representadas pelas evocações: roça, agricultura, terra, plantação, alimentos, força, trabalho, competência, alegria, meio de vida. (IV) Proteção Ambiental foi representada pelas evocações: reflorestamento, preservação e povo. E por fim, (V) Ética Ambiental representada pelas evocações: respeito, amor, vida, determinação, positivo, felicidade e consciência. Os significantes e sentidos nos mostra que perpassa uma preocupação com a finitude da natureza e que, portanto, a relação do homem para com a natureza precisa ser repensada, ressignificando o sentido da palavra vida levando-se em consideração o discurso do cuidar da natureza para que se garanta a sobrevivência. Discurso este, arraigado na percepção desses jovens da relação homem-natureza que, também, sinaliza para a necessidade de um trabalho sistematizado em termos de uma abordagem epistemológica da educação ambiental conferindo-lhe sentido, aplicabilidade nos espaços formais e informais de educação.

The objective of this research is to analyze the dimensions of public communication and environmental ethics in Social Communication Programs from the environmental licensing of Sergipe. For this, we defined as the following specific objectives: a) analyze the Environmental Impact Reports (RIMA) of the projects carried out from 2003 to 2015 in the state; b) establish the convergence of the dimensions of public communication and environmental ethics in an Integrated Program of Communication and Social Responsibility for future projects in the state. Thus, we start from the hypothesis that the communication actions defined by the entrepreneurs based on the asymmetric model of two hands, resulting in a compromise of democratic space for environmental licensing, thus reducing the incorporation of public communication and environmental ethics throughout the process. This research is justified by the constant conflicts caused by developments implementations in the affected communities do not see their expectations met on the mitigating measures presented. It is observed that the discussions provided by public hearings often do not absorb social demands, so the dissatisfactions may become permanent throughout the installation and operation licenses of the project. The theoretical reflections of the survey were based on the clash between the public interest and the private. Thus, we used the Critical Theory, in particular, the public sphere concepts and communicative action theory of Jürgen Habermas as theoretical assumptions guiding public communication. As the concept of environmental ethics supported the debate on the man's repositioning in relation to nature. The research approach method is structuralism, in relation to typologies opted for exploratory-descriptive research and the strategies adopted are the bibliographic and documentary. To collect data we adopted the technique of content analysis and as a means of interpretation of the data was used the quantitative and qualitative evaluation. It is concluded at the end of the study, that the size of the public communication is consolidated through information channels instead of participating channels, confirming, thus, the hypothesis of the search, while, on the other hand, the dimension of environmental ethics was not even considered. / O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar as dimensões da comunicação pública e da ética ambiental nos Programas de Comunicação Social provenientes do licenciamento ambiental de Sergipe. Para isso, definiu-se os seguintes objetivos específicos como procedimentos: a) analisar os Relatórios de Impactos Ambientais (RIMA) dos empreendimentos realizados no período de 2003 a 2015 no estado; b) estabelecer a convergência das dimensões da comunicação pública e da ética ambiental em um Programa Integrado de Comunicação e Responsabilidade Social para empreendimentos futuros no estado. Desse modo, parte-se da hipótese que as ações de comunicação definidas pelos empreendedores baseiam-se no modelo assimétrico de duas mãos, o que resulta em um comprometimento do espaço democrático durante o licenciamento ambiental, diminuindo, assim, a incorporação da comunicação pública e da ética ambiental ao longo do processo. Essa pesquisa justifica-se pelos constantes conflitos ocasionados por implementações de empreendimentos em que as comunidades afetadas não veem suas expectativas atendidas diante das medidas mitigadoras apresentadas. Observa-se que as discussões proporcionadas pelas audiências públicas comumente não absorvem as demandas sociais, logo as insatisfações podem se tornar permanentes durante toda a licença de instalação e operação do projeto. As reflexões teóricas da pesquisa foram fundamentadas no embate entre o interesse público e o privado. Dessa maneira, recorreu-se à Teoria Crítica, em especial, aos conceitos de esfera pública e agir comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas como pressupostos teóricos norteadores à comunicação pública. Assim como o conceito de ética ambiental apoiou o debate em torno do reposicionamento do homem em relação à natureza. O método de abordagem da pesquisa é o estruturalismo, em relação às tipologias optou-se pela pesquisa exploratória-descritiva e as estratégias adotadas são a pesquisa bibliográfica e a documental. Para coleta de dados adotou-se a técnica da análise de conteúdo e como forma de interpretação dos dados utilizou-se a avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa. Conclui-se, ao final da pesquisa, que a dimensão da comunicação pública está consolidada através de canais informativos em detrimento dos canais participativos, confirmando, desse modo, a hipótese da pesquisa, enquanto, por outro lado, a dimensão da ética ambiental nem sequer foi considerada.

[pt] A ecoteologia é um campo bastante recente da reflexão teológica. Nele se encontra a ética ambiental com seus diferentes modelos e tendências que nem sempre são pautados por uma visão integrada da realidade. O ser humano e a natureza não são realidades justapostas e antagônicas, mas são componentes distintos da comunidade biótica que se organiza segundo uma dinâmica relacional e integradora. Superando dualismos e visões reducionistas, uma ética ambiental de inspiração cristã deve integrar compromisso ecológico e justiça social, preservação do ambiente natural e respeito ao ambiente humano. Esta é a abordagem central de nossa dissertação que acentua a necessidade de um modelo de ética que, seguindo uma dinâmica de integração-inclusão, expresse a visão relacional e integradora da fé bíblico-cristã na criação e a sintonia com o novo paradigma ecológico. A nossa pesquisa consiste no estudo do Projeto de Voluntariado Ecológico do Camorim que buscou o desenvolvimento sustentável da região, baseado na identidade cultural local. À luz de pressupostos antropológicos, éticos e teológicos, procuramos identificar nesse Projeto os indicadores de um modelo de ética compatível com a perspectiva relacional e integradora da fé cristã. / [en] Ecotheology is a new field of the theological reflexion. Environmental ethics, whose models and approaches do not always have an integrated vision of reality, belongs to this field. Human beings and Environment are not separated and mutually opposed realities. On the contrary, one cannot be studied apart from the other, for they are distinct parts of the same biotic community that is organized in a relational and integrated dynamical structure. In order to overcome dualisms and reductionist viewpoints, an Environmental Ethic from a Christian perspective must integrate ecological commitment and social justice, that is, preservation of the natural world and respect for the human environment. This is the central approach of our thesis. We stress the urgency of an ethical awareness that, following a dynamics of integration and inclusion, presents a mutually interacting perspective of the biblical and Christian faith on Creation which, at the same time, is in harmony with the new ecological paradigm. Our research studies the Camorim Ecological Volunteers Project which sought a model of sustainable development for the local community, based on its cultural identity. In the light of anthropological, ethical, and theological assumptions, we seek in this Project to identify the elements of an Environmental Ethic based on relational and integrative perspectives of the Christian faith.

This thesis aims to critique the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Mother Earth and its underlying moral justification in order to provide a stronger and improved version of both. In Chapter 1 I explore what sort of moral justification is necessary to establish the Universal Declaration on firm grounds and explore its relation to environmental ethics and rights discourse. I argue that a non-anthropocentric perspective is necessary to justify the Universal Declaration’s rights. In Chapter 2 I explore the underlying justification of the Universal Declaration as discovered in the works of Cormac Cullinan and Father Thomas Berry. I argue that their ethical framework is indeterminate, has many ambiguities and uncertainties, and, among other problems, it does not provide a clear action-guiding framework. In Chapter 3 I develop an alternative justification for the Universal Declaration. I argue against many predominant moral theories, that in light of our best scientific and moral understanding we should expand the realm of moral concern to include all living beings, a moral theory I call Life’s Imperative. In Chapter 4 I illustrate that Life’s Imperative is a much stronger, more coherent justification for the Universal Declaration, one that coheres with both our best understanding of the natural world and our relation to it, and to an environmental ethic reflective of that relationship. Unfortunately many of the weaknesses in the current implicit justification of the Universal Declaration have also led to it enshrining rights that are themselves problematic. In order to address these issues, I revise its rights to accord with the stronger justification that I established in Chapter 3. The end result of doing so is a revised version of the Universal Declaration

Using a genealogy of the narratives of the Guadalupes, I explore three moral identities. The Mescalero Apache exist as caretakers of sacred space. Spanish and Anglo settlers exist as conquerors of a hostile land. The park service exists as captives, imprisoned in the belief that economic justifications can protect the intrinsic value of wilderness. The narrative shift from oral to abstract text-based culture entails a shift from intrinsic to instrumental valuation. I conclude that interpretation of narratives, such as those of the Guadalupes, is not by itself a sufficient condition for change. Interpretation is, however, a necessary condition for expanding the cultural conversation beyond merely instrumental justifications to include caring for wilderness's intrinsic values.

This thesis investigates narratives of re-enchantment and disenchantment in three contemporary U.S. novels, Lydia Millet’s Mermaids in Paradise, Karen Tei Yamashita’s Tropic of Orange, and Thomas Pynchon’s Inherent Vice. Drawing on key concepts from ecocritcism and affect theory, I argue that these novels interrogate narratives and affects associated with questions central to the Anthropocene: climate-related dilemmas, questions of environmental justice, and animal ethics. Situating these texts in relation to environmental discourses, I show how affects of wonder and re-enchantment are produced within them through the insertion of anti-mimetic narrative objects into otherwise representationally realistic fictional worlds. These incursions, and the affective shifts they produce, challenge and interrupt in the novels narratives of ecological dread and disenchantment, which I link to the techniques and affects of noir. In each chapter of this study, I show how the dialogical interplay between disenchantment and re-enchantment disrupts preconceptions and assumptions about aspects of ecological crisis, and engenders or reinforces political commitments to environmentally related issues. Chapter One focuses on interspecies politics and animal rights in Mermaids in Paradise, environmental justice is central to the analysis of Tropic of Orange in Chapter Two, and the political dynamics of countercultural environmentalism inform my reading of Inherent Vice in Chapter Three. Throughout, I explore the potential of re-enchantment to suggest an alternative to disenchanted and apocalyptic narratives concerning the environment, and to articulate a productive politics for contemporary ecofiction.

Submitted by Jakeline Ortega (jakortega@unoeste.br) on 2017-06-05T22:43:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Mario Yudi Takada.pdf: 422990 bytes, checksum: eeae64af1b2b573ecd6e0be3a7dcad9e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T22:43:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Mario Yudi Takada.pdf: 422990 bytes, checksum: eeae64af1b2b573ecd6e0be3a7dcad9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-10 / This research, linked to the line of research Educational Institution: Organization and Management, grew out of concern so that the environment has been treated by man, given the challenges posed by environmental problems that the limit would preclude human life on earth. Our objective was to investigate the limits and possibilities of environmental education in the face of environmental crisis currently experienced, justifying it, therefore, the need to identify the ethics adopted by major legal documents concerning the environment and environmental education. The methodology was qualitative research through two procedures: i) survey and literature review in books and scholarly articles to study the ethical issue in environmental education; ii) as well as desk research, we focus on the ethical conceptions present in legal documents such as the 1988 Federal Constitution, the law 9795 of 27 April 1999, which deals with environmental education, establishing the National Education Policy environmental and other provisions, the law 9394 of 20 December 1996 laying down the guidelines and bases of national education, the national Curricular Parameters of primary and secondary education, and the jurisprudence of the Brazilian courts. The results indicated that the prevailing ethics in society is anthropocentric, in which the human being puts your well-being first. The environment was objectified existing only to satisfy human needs. Nevertheless, in our legislation and the main documents of the environmental education regarding education found progress in dealing with the environment, we conclude that the ultimate goal of environmental protection discourse is to end human life. / A presente pesquisa, vinculada à linha de pesquisa Instituição Educacional: Organização e Gestão, surgiu da preocupação com modo em que o meio ambiente vem sendo tratado pelo homem, haja vista os desafios postos pelos problemas ambientais que no limite impossibilitariam a vida humana na terra. O nosso objetivo foi investigar os limites e as possibilidades da educação ambiental face à crise ambiental vivenciada atualmente, justificando-se, portanto, a necessidade de identificar a ética adotada pelos principais documentos legais referentes ao meio ambiente e à educação ambiental. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de dois procedimentos: i) levantamento e análise bibliográfica em livros e artigos acadêmicos, para estudar a questão ética na educação ambiental; ii) e também a pesquisa documental, em que focalizamos as concepções éticas presentes nos documentos legais tais como a Constituição Federal de 1988, a lei 9795, de 27 de abril de 1999, que dispõe sobre a educação ambiental, institui a Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental e dá outras providências, a lei 9394, de 20 de dezembro de 1996, que estabelece as diretrizes e bases da educação nacional, nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do ensino fundamental e médio, e a jurisprudência dos tribunais brasileiros. Os resultados indicaram que a ética predominante na sociedade é antropocêntrica, na qual o ser humano coloca o seu bem estar em primeiro lugar. O meio ambiente foi objetificado existindo apenas para satisfazer as necessidades humanas. Apesar disso, em nossa legislação e nos principais documentos da educação referente à educação ambiental encontramos evolução no trato com o meio ambiente, concluímos que o objetivo final do discurso de proteção ambiental tem como fim a vida humana.

This project is designed for junior high school teachers who wish to initiate environmental issues-based education in Taiwan. It addresses the current education at junior high schools and important environmental issues in Taiwan, presenting instructional strategies for teaching controversial environmental issues. The appendix of the project is an original design for a systematic environmental issues curriculum, including student-centered and teacher-centered activities that could be integrated into curricula on related subjects. Lessons include the environmental awareness, ethics, skills for analyzing issues, research skills, debate practice, negotiation practice, and projects.

In this paper I argue that aesthetic appreciation of nature should be reflective and based on respect for nature. I believe first-hand experience is crucial and that nature can be aesthetically experienced freely in a multi-sensory way. Aesthetic experience will bring attention to features of the environment which the subject needs to reflect on and make sense of. My main argument is how Yuriko Saito’s metaphorical notion of “lending your ears to nature’s own story” and “recognize its reality as apart from your own” can manifest the moral obligation of reflecting on what is given in experience. Some implications of this notion will be looked at. First, the perplexity that nature has its own reality and story apart from us while nature is also what encompasses our own life and grounds the experience of judging it. Contemplation on this issue may bring with it a strong sense of self- and environmental awareness that potentially can result in a sublime response. Second, to lend your ears to a story of a landscape leads to considerations about authenticity and true wilderness. I argue that one can think of wildness and authenticity to acquire a better understanding and one should not see those terms as a basis for value judgments. I will then take a closer look at the links between the moral considerations and the aesthetic experience itself. To preserve the autonomy of taste I separate the perceptive and reflective parts of aesthetic experience, saying that although both levels can inform one another, knowledge or moral considerations don’t necessarily determine aesthetic judgment. Departing from other cognitivists, I don’t think the wild is per definition beautiful, it is even sometimes difficult to aesthetically appreciate at all. In the last chapter I consider the significance of the sublime affect in establishing aesthetic relationships with more diverse environments.

Ecocentrism is a philosophical position developed in the field of environmental philosophy that offers an alternative view of the complex relationships between humans and the nonhuman world. This dissertation develops an ecocentric philosophy of energy in order to account for a wider set of ethics and values dimensions involved in energy politics. It focuses especially on inter-species justice as a crucial missing element behind even those energy policies that seek to transition society from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. The goal is to develop an ecocentric philosophy of energy that accounts for the fundamental and deep ecological interdependences of human and nonhuman animals, plants, and other living and non-living beings. I start with an introduction and a summary of the chapters followed in chapter 2 by a clarification of the terms "paradigm" and "energy." In chapter 3 I offer an exploration of the origins of the "energy paradigm" or the predominant understanding of energy that emerged during modernity (18th century onwards). The modern energy paradigm progressively became a "traditional" forma mentis that is nonetheless based on flawed presuppositions about the human-energy-nature relationship. I criticize the homogeneous, colonizing and hegemonic nature of this paradigm, unveil its tacit anthropocentric and instrumental assumptions, and show how it still fuels contemporary lifestyles and policy. Chapter 4 presents a literature review that traces the most significant contributions from the humanities (broadly construed to include social sciences such as anthropology and sociology) to the study of energy. In this chapter, I also focus on the scarcer yet relevant literature on energy's metaphysical, ontological, and ethical dimensions. In chapter 5 I develop the theory of a radical, ecocentric philosophy of energy, building on the work of other ecocentric thinkers such as Holmes Rolston III, J. Baird Callicott, and Arne Naess. Chapter 6 suggests paths towards the realization, in praxis, of this ecocentric philosophy of energy. It provides the sketch of an "ecocentric energy ethic" to enhance an ecologically sustainable and inter-species just energy transition. This normative framework is intended as a flexible and nonetheless precise "moral compass" that supports an ecocentric turn in the human-energy-nature relationship. The energy ethic outlines key principles to evaluate the "morality" of energy policies, practices, and technologies. These principles can provide ethical guidance to energy practitioners (engaged consumers, energy users, educators, designers, and public policy makers) and thus contribute to the theoretical and practical achievement of an ecologically sound and inter-species just energy transition.