This study explores the influence of social media on Iranian students’ migration decisions, specifically choosing Sweden as their study destination. The study contributes to addressing identified gaps in understanding major factors and drivers of migration decisions and social media’s potential role in the process. A quantitative approach was utilized to collect data through the online survey of Iranian students currently residing in Sweden. The online survey aimed to research the key migration influencers and assess the impact of social media on respective decisions. The analysis indicates that migration decisions are influenced by a combination of internal and external factors. Generally, migration decisions are influenced by economic factors, related to the country of relocation, political climate, and personal development potential. Social media, specifically Instagram and Telegram, was a valuable source of information and social interactions; its impact was moderate compared to identified influencers. Despite a clear role in creating migration perceptions, economic, social, and safety factors drive these decisions to this point.

Today, the world faces its worst refugee crisis since the Second World War. The number of forcibly displaced people globally has hit a historic high, with half of them being children. Most refugees seek shelter in neighboring host countries where they encounter barriers to accessing their fundamental right to education, resulting in the emergence of refugee-led educational initiatives. The 4A framework coupled with Nussbaum’s list of capabilities guides our analysis by applying the criteria of - availability, accessibility, acceptability, adaptability - and assesses the potential of refugee-led education among the Rohingya community. Building on a case study of education amongst displaced Rohingyas in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, this research adds to the existing literature on refugee education. This study comprises semi-structured interviews with Rohingya refugees and humanitarian workers from Cox’s Bazar’s education sector as well as academic and grey literature to triangulate the findings. Situated within the academic subfield of migration studies, it contributes to ongoing peace and development efforts, highlighting the importance of global refugee education. The research finds that while refugee-led education initiatives in Cox’s Bazar demonstrate greater availability, accessibility, and adaptability to the Rohingya community’s context compared to traditional models, challenges remain in ensuring full capability development due to limited resources and government restrictions.

This paper explores the employment integration of Syrian refugees in the Swedish labor market, focusing on Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. As the largest migrant group in Sweden, Syrians face significant challenges in labor market integration. Understanding the key factors influencing their employment is crucial. By utilizing existing quantitative survey data collected from Syrian refugees in these cities, the study seeks to understand what key factors influence their employment levels. The study’s findings demonstrate that education and language proficiency often correlate with higher employment levels. Regional context also plays a role, with geographic location affecting employment prospects. Moreover, subjective discriminatory experiences are shown to negatively impact employment outcomes, highlighting the need for inclusive practices. Gender disparities are evident, with males consistently demonstrating higher employment levels than females, posing questions on gender roles. This research highlights avenues for improving the employment integration of Syrian refugees.

The purpose of this study is to examine how the values at an independent school with a religious profile influence teaching, classroom climate, and work culture from the teachers' perspectives. Using a qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews, data was collected from teachers at the school. The analysis was conducted using thematic analysis, resulting in three main themes: the impact on teaching and classroom climate, the influence of values on the environment and interaction in the classroom, and reflection in collaboration and work culture. The results show that the values play a central role in creating an inclusive and respectful learning environment. Teachers use the school's religious profile to reinforce value principles, contributing to a cohesive and supportive school environment.  The study also identifies challenges in integrating values within a multicultural context. Limitations of the study include a gender imbalance among interviewees and the unique context of the specific school, which may affect generalizability. Future research should focus on exploring how different types of schools can work with their values to promote an inclusive and supportive learning environment. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur värdegrunden på en fristående skola med religiös profil påverkar undervisningen, klassrumsklimatet och arbetskulturen ur lärarnas perspektiv. Genom en kvalitativ forskningsansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer har data samlats in från lärare på skolan. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av tematisk analys, vilket resulterade i tre huvudteman: påverkan på undervisning och klassrumsklimat, värdegrundens påverkan på miljön och interaktionen i klassrummet samt reflektion i samarbete och arbetskultur. Resultaten visar att värdegrunden spelar en central roll i att skapa en inkluderande och respektfull lärandemiljö. Lärarna använder skolans religiösa profil för att förstärka värdegrundsprinciperna, vilket bidrar till en sammanhängande och stödjande skolmiljö.  Studien identifierar även utmaningar med att integrera värdegrunden i en mångkulturell kontext. Begränsningarna i studien inkluderar en snedfördelning av kön bland intervjupersonerna och den specifika skolans unika kontext, vilket kan påverka generaliserbarheten. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på att undersöka hur olika typer av skolor kan arbeta med sina värdegrunder för att främja en inkluderande och stödjande lärandemiljö.

This study is an enquiry into the processes shaping rural livelihoods in peripheral areas. The study is situated in the field of livelihood research and departs in the persistent crisis within African smallholder agriculture and in rural policy debates during the postindependence era. The research takes a critical stance to the way that people-centred and actor-oriented approaches have dominated livelihood research, thereby over-shadowing structural and macro-oriented features. The aim of this study is to, through a historical perspective on rural livelihoods and policy regimes, uncover the political and economic processes, with their discursive foundations, that shape contemporary rural livelihoods in peripheral areas. The analytical framework emphasises four key factors: ideas of development and modernity; the terms of incorporation into the global economy; rural policy regimes; smallholders’ ways of making a living. Inspiration is gained from critical political geography, world-systems analysis and different perspectives on rural livelihoods and development. The empirical study is based on fieldwork in Chipata District in Eastern Zambia, investigations at the National Archives of Zambia, the British National Archives and library research. The findings are presented in three parts. The first part looks into contemporary policies and the situation among smallholders in Chipata District. The second part examines the history of the area up to independence in 1964. The third part examines the post-independence period which links colonial experience to the contemporary situation. The findings suggest that smallholders’ livelihoods are shaped by long-term politicaleconomic- discursive processes, rooted in the terms of the study area’s integration into the world-economy in the colonial period. Colonial policies peripheralised the area through tax, labour, and market policies and the creation of native reserves, all of which have led to contemporary problems of food insecurity, soil depletion and a marginal role in agricultural markets. Since the inception of colonial rule, semi-proletarianisation has been a dominant process in the area. Current diversified livelihoods are more a contemporary expression of this semi-proletarianisation than a consequence of postcolonial policies. The households in the study area show preference for a farming way of life. However, the development goal of modernity has since long led to an ‘othering’ of smallholders, labelling them backwards and resistant to change. In the early twenty-first century this ‘othering’ has been played out through a development programme aimed at changing attitudes and mindsets among the farmers in line with individualistic and entrepreneurial behaviour. The ‘othering’ discourses of contemporary and colonial policymakers display striking similarities in this case.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa uppsats var att belysa ämnet transferfasen och undersöka hur transferfasen påverkar vuxna immigranters psykiska och fysiska hälsa. För att fånga ämnets subjektiva dimension genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med två kvinnor och fyra män. Intervjuerna visade att alla informanter har genomgått en svår transferfas. För att analysera det empiriska materialet användes Lazarus och Folkmans copingteori. De resultat som framkommit i analysen visar att transferfasen har betydelse för immigrantens hälsa. Vidare visar resultatet att informanterna använde copingstrategier som ett verktyg för att orka hantera sin vardag. Undersökningen kan ligga till grund för andra forskare som i framtiden vill göra fortsatta studier av transferfasens betydelse för immigranten. / The purpose of this qualitative thesis was to examine the transfer-phase, and examine how the transfer-phase affects adult immigrant`s mental and physical health. To capture the subjective dimension of the subject semi-structured interviews with two women and four men were conducted. The interviews showed that all respondents had undergone a difficult transfer-phase. In order to analyze the empirical material, Lazarus and Folkman's coping theory was used. The results obtained in the analysis shows that the transfer-phase is important for immigrant`s health. Furthermore, the results show that the informants used coping strategies as a tool for managing their daily lives. The study may form the basis for other researchers who in the future want to make further studies of the importance of the transfer-phase for the immigrant.

Since 2001, Australia’s increasingly securitised and exclusionary asylum policy has been legitimated through a damaging discourse surrounding people who seek asylum. This discourse, reinforced by successive Australian Prime Ministers, has been instrumental in shaping policies which have a devastating human impact. While political elites across the West are distancing themselves from a discourse of inclusive multiculturalism, Australia continues to celebrate its multicultural success despite the ongoing tension between a rhetoric of inclusion and one justifying exclusion. Since discourse is both productive and reflective of the social world, shaping discourse can be understood as a means to shape reality. This thesis explores how discourse is constructed and reproduced through framing; a discursive practice that influences how certain issues are understood. The texts analysed are those in which Australian Prime Ministers and senior political figures defend policies of exclusion against people who seek asylum by boat as part of a broader policy vision for a Safe, Secure & Free Australia. In order to contrast the frames, narratives and discourses associated with exclusion, communications promoting the policy vision of an inclusive Multicultural Australia have also been analysed. The frames identified in the material reproduce particular narratives which help to maintain the hegemonic position of discourses which present Australia as a humanitarian, welcoming and inclusive multicultural society and situate people who seek asylum by boat as illegal, seeking an unfair advantage, and as a threat to national security. By identifying frames that consistently appear in the messaging of Australian political elites, we can understand how certain narratives have come to be accepted as truth.

This project explores, identifies, and interrogates how Swedish online mass media represent the issue of 'racisms' between people with migrant background/migrant groups and the implications of these representations on their lives. The materials are analyzed using the WPR approach (Bacchi 1999) and content media analysis. The theoretical background draws from social psychological theory of intergroup relations, postcolonial theory and critical race theory in order to establish an overview of the concept of ‘racism’ and how it can be used in relation to migrant groups. Where the media representations maintained that migrants can produce 'racism', led to further stigmatization and exclusion of migrant groups. Internalizing racism by migrants can result in self-hatred and practicing migrant respectability in order to differentiate themselves from undesirable migrants as represented in the materials. This project contributes in exploring the system of hierarchies which can deepen our understanding of how tensions and conflicts work between migrant groups.

This bachelor’s thesis is an ethnological study with focus on examining conditions for and navigation between different subject positions in Swedish everyday life. The study problematizes the nature of Swedishness and examines the relationship between Swedishness, whiteness, and Jewishness. Who is Swedish and when is examined, and in which situations Jewishness is brought to light and made note of. The essay discusses the boundaries of the act of passing and what strategies Jews in Sweden use to navigate between Swedishness and Jewishness and adaptations to live as smooth a daily life as possible. Based on the theory derived from phenomenology and post-structuralism as well as interviews with six Jews resident in Sweden, the paper highlights the complicated ways in which norms interact and how identifications arise through deviation. Whiteness is examined in relation to Jewishness and Swedishness and appears, similarly to other social positions, depending on context, time and place. The empirical evidence shows how Jews in Sweden try to pass as (white) Swedes while at the same time trying to keep their Jewish identity. That Jewish bodies act differently and feel at home dependent on place is made clear by an account of the importance of the diasporic experience for Jewish life in Sweden.

Att leva i ett nytt land ställer nya utmaningar. Den nyanlända måste anpassa sig till nya traditioner, en ny kultur och ett nytt språk. Att lära sig kommunicera på ett nytt språk är för det mesta en komplicerad och lång process. Det finns många utmaningar och motivationen och drivkraften hos den nyanlända måste vara stark   Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka vilken syn nyanlända har på språkets betydelse för integration och vilka faktorer de upplever som centrala för sin språkinlärning. Uppsatsen är byggd på tidigare forskning samt det insamlade intervjumaterialet med hjälp av fenomenografisk forskningsanalys.  En kvalitativ studie med fenomenografisk analys har genomförts, där resultatet baseras på data från semistrukturerade intervjuer. Fjorton respondenter deltog i undersökningen, hälften män och hälften kvinnor. Respondenterna är alla elever på SFI i Nässjö kommun och intervjuerna utfördes på Nässjö Lärcenter. Intervjuerna genomfördes med hjälp av en intervjuguide som gav utrymme för följdfrågor. Resultatet har sedan analyserats med hjälp av fenomenografisk forskningsanalys med utgångspunkt från tidigare forskning samt det insamlade intervjumaterialet för att kunna besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar. I resultatet presenteras fem kategorier som är indelade efter respondenternas inställningar som uppkom ur intervjuerna. Kategorierna fokuserar på deras generella inställning till språkinlärningen och dessa är: Den glada med positiv inställning, den tacksamma som vill ge tillbaka till samhället, den överlevande och praktiska, den uppgivna och frustrerade samt den målmedvetna och ambitiösa som törstar efter kunskap. I resultatet framkommer det att språket är ett viktigt verktyg för integrationen. Resultatet visar även att för flera av respondenterna var språket både det svåraste och det viktigaste med att integreras. De intervjuade diskuterade i flera fall att utan språket kan man inte bli en del utav samhället och att det svenska språket är som en nyckel in i Sverige och samhället. Detta belyser vikten av både institutionell språkutbildning och informella sätt att lära sig språket. / Living in a new country poses new challenges. The immigrants must adapt to new traditions, a new culture and a new language. Learning to communicate in a new language is for most people a complicated and long process. They face many challenges and the immigrant’s motivation and willingness must be strong.   The purpose of this paper has been to investigate what views immigrant have on the importance of language for integration and what factors they perceive as central to their language learning. The essay is based on previous research as well as the collected interview material using a phenomenografic research analysis. A qualitative study with phenomenografical analysis has been conducted, based on data from semi-structured interviews. Fourteen participants took part in the conducted interviews, half of the participants were men and half of them were women. The participants were all students at SFI in Nässjö Municipality and the interviews were conducted at Nässjö Lärcenter. The interviews were conducted using an interview guide that gave scope for follow-up questions. The result has then been analyzed by means of a phenomenographic research analysis, starting with previous research and the collected interview material in order to answer the essay questions. The result presented five categories that were sorted according to the participants conceptions that arose from the interviews. The categories focused on their general attitude towards language learning and these were: The happy one with positive attitude, the grateful one who wants to give back to society, the survivor and the practical, the stated and frustrated as well as the goal-conscious and ambitious who thirsts for knowledge. In the result, it appeared that language is a very important tool for integration. The result also showed that for many of the participants, the language was both the most difficult and the most important matter in integrating into society. The participants discussed in several cases that without the language one cannot be a part of society and that the Swedish language is a key in to Sweden and the society. This highlights the importance of both institutional language education and informal ways of learning the language.