INTRODUÇÃO: A literatura evidencia as diferenças anatômicas do osso temporal em crianças quando comparadas à adultos. Mais e mais a literatura enfatiza a importância de que as crianças com surdez congênita devem ser implantadas cada vez mais precocemente. Estudos anátomo-radiológicos são importantes para o desenvolvimento de técnicas cirúrgicas que possibilitem implantar crianças recém natas. Técnicas de implante coclear percutâneo (através de robótica) tem sido desenvolvidas na Universidade de Vanderbilt. Criamos então nossa principal pergunta \"Seria possível implantar crianças recém natas através de implante percutâneo?\" e procuraremos respondê-la no curso desse trabalho. OBJETIVO: Aferir as medidas do recesso do nervo facial e sua relação com a cóclea visando simular o trajeto da broca através desse recesso, para realização da cocleostomia, objetivando o implante coclear percutâneo. CASUÍSTICA E METODOLOGIA: Estudo experimental realizado com 9 espécimes de natimortos com idade gestacional entre 32 e 40 semanas, submetidos à tomografia computadorizada com individualização e reconstrução do nervo facial, cadeia ossicular, membrana timpânica, cóclea e labirinto, seguido da definição da trajetória da broca até a escala timpânica, utilizando o software Improvise. RESULTADOS: As medidas da trajetória da broca até o nervo facial, variaram de 0.58 a mais próxima e, 1.71 a mais distante; quando analisamos os resultados obtidos para cadeia ossicular, temos uma variação que vai de 0.38 até 1.49. A membrana timpânica se encontra entre 0.85 e 1.96 de distância da trajetória simulada da broca. A trajetória da cortical do osso temporal até a escala timpânica, variou de 5.92 a 12.65. CONCLUSÃO: As medidas da relação, entre a broca e as estruturas anatômicas da orelha média e, a simulação da trajetória, mostraram que é possível executar com segurança a técnica de implante coclear percutâneo em crianças a partir de 32 semanas de gestação / INTRODUCTION: Literature shows changes in the temporal bone anatomy in children when compared with adults. More and more literature emphasizes the importance of children with congenital deafness should be implanted increasingly early. Anatomical radiologic studies are important for the development of surgical techniques that allow implanting new born. Percutaneous cochlear implant technique (through robotics) was developed in Vanderbilt University. So we created our main question \" Is it possible to implant new born children using the percutaneous technique? \" and we\'ll try to answer it in the course of this work. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Experimental study done in 9 stillbirth specimens with 32 and 40 weeks of age, submitted to CT study followed by reconstruction of the facial nerve, ossicular chain, tympanic membrane, labyrinth and cochlea. The CT evaluation and reconstruction was done with Improvise software, also used for measurements of the distances and in the simulation of the drill\'s trajectory (mm). RESULTS: The drill trajectory measurements to the facial nerve, ranged from 0.58 the nearest and the farthest 1.71, when we analyzed the results for ossicular chain, we have a range that goes from 0.38 to 1.49. The tympanic membrane is between 0.85 and 1.96 away from the simulated drill path. Cortical trajectory of the temporal bone to the scala tympani, ranged from 5.92 to 12.65. CONCLUSION: The measures of the relationship between the drill and the anatomical structures of the middle ear and the simulated trajectory, showed that it is possible to use safely the percutaneous cochlear implant technique in children of 32 weeks/old

La surface de Mars a longtemps été considérée comme inactive de nos jours. Cependant, de nombreux phénomènes actifs ont été observés ces dernières années comme : des ravines, des tornades de poussières, des écoulements ou des taches sombres. La plupart d’entre eux sont encore inexpliqués et soulèvent de nombreuses questions au regard des conditions de surface existantes actuellement. Afin d’améliorer la compréhension de ces processus et en particulier des ravines, cette thèse a pour but d’en étudier certains par une approche pluridisciplinaire combinant l’analyse de données issues des missions spatiales martiennes et par une approche expérimentale. Les données de télédétection ont permis une analyse morphologique détaillée grâce aux images provenant de la caméra HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) et de leurs MNT (Modèle Numérique de Terrain). Celles-ci ont été complétées par une analyse de la composition de la surface grâce aux données spectroscopiques CRISM (Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars).Des études expérimentales visant à mieux comprendre l’effet de la pression et des mélanges fluides/grains sur des écoulements martiens ont également été réalisés. Les études morphologiques et compositionnelles réalisées dans l’hémisphère sud de Mars, ont permis d’arriver aux conclusions suivantes : i) Les ravines ont un fonctionnement saisonnier et se différencient entre elles par leur morphologie, leur taille, leur période d’activité, leur orientation et leur pente, ii) Certaines ravines saisonnières sont très récentes : elles se créent et disparaissent actuellement, alors que d’autres fonctionnent depuis une centaine d’années martienne, iii) Le CO₂ semble être le principal agent actif pour leur création, même si l’eau liquide et les saumures ne peuvent être écartées dans certains cas, iv) Les différences d’insolation et l’accumulation de matériel en amont de l’écoulement influencent l’activité des ravines saisonnières. v) Un fluide différent de l’eau peut créer et faire évoluer des sinuosités de nos jours sur Mars. Les expériences réalisées au cours de cette thèse ont montré que : i) Les écoulements d’eau en surface et sub-surface d’un milieu granulaire, vont avoir un impact morphologique plus important à basse pression (~ 7mbar) qu’à pression terrestre (~ 1000 mbar), ii) Il existe des modes de transport des sédiments atypiques à basse pression: un processus de « lévitation » (impliquant des fluides gazeux) et de la saltation. Les morphologies qui en découlent, peu courantes sur Terre, sont susceptibles d’intervenir sur Mars, iii) Des mêmes constituants d’un écoulement peuvent créer des morphologies et des dynamiques réellement différentes. Trois paramètres semblent jouer un rôle important sur la morphologie d’un écoulement : l’épaisseur de sédiment mobilisable, les différences de températures entre la surface et l’écoulement ainsi que la quantité de matériel écoulé. L’analyse dans cette thèse d’un grand nombre d’activités saisonnières ainsi que l’approche pluridisciplinaire utilisée ont permis de mettre en évidence des écoulements actuels reliés avec des processus exotiques. La détermination plus précise des conditions de formation de ces phénomènes actuels ne pourra se faire que grâce à l’acquisition de nouvelles données sur tous ces sites et sur plusieurs saisons. De nouvelles expériences en laboratoire permettant en particulier de mieux comprendre les processus liés au CO₂ sont également nécessaires. / Mars surface has been considered like a currently inactive planet for a long time. Nevertheless, numerous active phenomena have been observed during the last few years such as: gullies, dust devils, dark and bright flows. Most of them are also unexplained and their formation processes are unclear under present Mars conditions. The aim of this PhD is to study some gullies to try to understand their formation processes on Mars at the present time. For this, martian spacecraft data were analyzed and experimental studies were performed. Thanks to HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) images and HiRISE DTM (Digital Terrain Models), a morphological study was carried out. This study has been completed by a spectroscopic study of the surface thanks to CRISM (Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars) data. Experiments were also performed with a mix of liquid and sand to try to understand the pressure impact on martians flows. Morphological and spectroscopic studies on the southern hemisphere of Mars lead us to conclude that: i) Gullies are seasonal. They have different morphologies, sizes, timing of activities, orientations, and slopes. ii) Gullies are young. They appear and disappear on present-day. Some of them are active since 100 years. iii) CO₂ frost seems to be a good candidate for gullies creation but a participation of liquid water can’t be excluded in some cases. iv) Insolation variations and material accumulations in the upper part of the flow influence the gullies activity. v) Sinuosities can be created by another fluid than liquid water today on Mars. Experiments performed during this PhD demonstrate that: i) Water flow in granular surface and sub-surface triggers higher morphological impact under Martian pressure (~ 7mbar) and Earth pressure (~ 1000 mbar). ii) Exotic sediment transport can be observed at low pressure (~ 7mbar): “levitation” (with gas) and saltation. The morphology and dynamics are influenced by 3 main parameters: the sediment thickness, the temperature variations between the surface and the flow and the amount of flow material. Several seasonal phenomena were analyzed with different approaches. This allowed us to observe and interpret present-day flows and exotic processes. More data and new experiments at low pressure (in particular with CO₂) will help us to better constrain and better understand the formation conditions of current seasonal activities on the Mars surface.

Avec le vieillissement de la population, l’Accident Vasculaire Cérébrale (AVC) est l’un des principaux problèmes de santé et touche 15 millions de personnes par an à travers le monde. Après un AVC, de nombreux troubles moteurs et sensoriels, qui ont un impact direct sur les activités de la vie quotidienne (AVQ), peuvent apparaître comme le manque de coordination, la spasticité ou les tremblements. Afin de rétablir au maximum leurs capacités motrices et sensorielles, les patients doivent suivre un processus de rééducation long et coûteux. De plus, le suivi et l’évaluation des patients se fait à partir d’observations visuelles. Peu voire aucune information objective et quantifiable sur la réalisation des exercices n’est collectée pendant les séances de rééducation. Ainsi, des informations potentiellement cruciales sur les capacités motrices des patients ne sont pas mesurées. De nombreuses plates-formes de rééducation et de suivi ont été développées pour collecter des informations objectives à l’aide de la réalité virtuelle, augmentée, d’écrans interactifs ou de dispositifs portables. Cependant, ces plates-formes peuvent présenter des contraintes de coût, de portabilité et d’utilisabilité.L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des outils permettant d’améliorer l’accompagnement des patients durant la rééducation fonctionnelle en offrant aux professionnels de santé un suivi plus représentatif de l’état de santé de ces derniers séance après séance. Ce suivi s’effectue à l’aide d’informations objectives et quantifiables sur les fonctions motrices des membres supérieurs collectées par des objets instrumentés de capteurs. Sur la base de l’état de l’art et des résultats d’une étude observationnelle réalisée auprès de quatorze professionnels de santé, nous avons développé cinq objets de rééducation instrumentés pour le suivi des fonctions motrices de la main et du bras et des activités de la vie quotidienne qui se matérialisent par : (i) un osselet qui collecte des informations sur la dextérité manuelle (position et pression des doigts, orientation, mouvements irréguliers, tremblements), (ii) un cube qui collecte des informations sur la préhension globale de la main (pression globale des doigts, orientation, mouvements irréguliers et tremblements), (iii) un bracelet connecté du commerce qui collecte des informations sur les fonctions motrices du bras (mouvements du bras, mouvements irréguliers et tremblements), (iv) un vêtement instrumenté qui mesure l’angle de flexion du coude et (v) un verre qui collecte des informations sur les fonctions motrices du bras et de la main lors de séquences d’actions complexes (niveau de liquide, orientation, position sur une cible, pression des doigts et tremblements) et qui permet de reconnaître les activités de la vie quotidienne boire, s’asseoir, se lever, marcher, monter et descendre des escaliers. Nous avons conduit une étude expérimentale auprès de quatorze professionnels de santé afin d'explorer l'ensemble des fonctionnalités ainsi que le design des objets afin de récolter des retours sur de possibles améliorations. Les résultats de cette étude nous ont permis s’assurer de la validité des fonctionnalités et de développer des interfaces de visualisation visant à afficher les données de manière simple, rapide et facile à interpréter. Nous avons mené une étude auprès de six professionnels de santé afin de valider le développement de ces interfaces. Les résultats indiquent que les choix de conception de ces interfaces de visualisation sont pertinents. Enfin, nous avons mené une étude expérimentale d’utilisabilité et d’acceptabilité auprès de neuf patients victimes d’AVC. Les résultats indiquent que les critères d’efficacité et de satisfaction de l’utilisabilité sont respectés. De plus, les patients ont jugé les objets faciles à utiliser et sont volontaires pour les utiliser pendant les séances de rééducation et à domicile afin d’adapter leur programme de rééducation en fonction de leurs progrès. / As the population ages, stroke is one of the major health problems affecting 15 million people worldwide each year. After a stroke, many motor and sensory disorders, which have a direct impact on activities of daily living (ADL), can appear as lack of coordination, spasticity or tremors. In order to restore their motor and sensory abilities as much as possible, patients must undergo a long and costly rehabilitation process. In addition, patient monitoring and evaluation is based on visual observations. Little or no objective and quantifiable information on the execution of exercises is collected during rehabilitation sessions. Thus, potentially crucial information on patients' motor abilities is not measured. Many rehabilitation and monitoring platforms have been developed to collect objective information using virtual reality, augmented, interactive screens or portable devices. However, these platforms may have cost, portability and usability constraints.The objective of this thesis is to propose tools to improve the accompaniment of patients during the process of functional rehabilitation by offering health professionals a more representative follow-up of the state of health of these, session after session. This monitoring is carried out using objective and quantifiable information on the motor functions of the upper limbs collected by objects instrumented with sensor. On the basis of the state of the art and the results of an observational study conducted with fourteen health professionals, we developed five instrumented rehabilitation objects for monitoring the motor functions of the hand and arm and the activities of daily life that are materialized by: (i) a jack that collects information on manual dexterity (finger position and pressure, orientation, irregular movements, tremors), (ii) a cube that collects information on overall hand grip (overall finger pressure, orientation, irregular movements and tremors), (iii) a commercially available connected watch that collects information on arm motor functions (arm movements), (iv) an instrumented garment that measures the bending angle of the elbow and (v) a cup that collects information on the motor functions of the arm and hand during complex action sequences (fluid level, orientation, position on a target, finger pressure and tremors) and allows the recognition of activities of daily living such as drinking, sitting, standing, walking, climbing and descending stairs. We conducted an experimental study with fourteen healthcare professionals to explore the functionalities and the design of the objects in order to gather feedback on possible improvements. The results of this study allowed us to tighten the measurement perimeter and make the objects more functional. This study also allowed us to develop visualization interfaces to display data in a simple, fast and easy to interpret manner. We conducted a study with six healthcare professionals to validate the development of these interfaces. The results indicate that the design choices of these visualization interfaces are relevant. Finally, we conducted an experimental usability and acceptability study in nine stroke patients. The results indicate that the efficiency and usability satisfaction criteria are met. The results show that patients found the objects easy to use and are willing to use them during rehabilitation sessions and at home to adapt their rehabilitation program according to their progress.

By exploring previous research, this systematic literature review aims to shed light on the effectiveness of oral corrective feedback practices by teachers to students on oral proficiency with the focus on recasts and prompts. This systematic literature review also intends to shed light on the effectiveness of recasts and prompts compared with each other. This study reports on the results of 13 experimental or quasi-experimental studies that measured the effectiveness of prompts and recasts on language acquisition and the effectiveness of prompts and recasts compared with each other. In those studies, outcome measures such as grammaticality judgement tasks, oral production tasks, and written production tasks were utilized. The target structures of the included studies were different morpho-syntactical and phonological structures. The accounted findings of this study show that recasts are effective at increasing students’ oral proficiency in seven of thirteen studies and not effective in six of 13 studies. The reported results also demonstrate that prompts are effective at improving students’ oral proficiency in eight of ten studies and ineffective in two of ten studies. In eight of ten studies in which the effectiveness of prompts and recasts are compared with each other, prompts are more effective than recasts. However, recasts are more effective than prompts in two of ten studies. The reported findings indicate that the effectiveness of corrective feedback in general on language acquisition is uncertain and that prompts might be effective. In addition, the accounted results suggest that the effectiveness of recasts on improving students’ oral proficiency is doubtful. Moreover, the reported findings of this study also suggest the higher degree of efficacy of prompts over recasts.

Das Trag- und Verbundverhalten textiler Bewehrungen wurde in den vergangen Jahren umfassend experimentell untersucht. Die dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse stützen sich jedoch fast ausschließlich auf einaxiale Beanspruchungszustände. Grundsätzlich können aus dem Vergleich von Versuchen an Rovings und an textilen Bewehrungsstrukturen Rückschlüsse auf den Einfluss der Quer- und Stützfäden und der verschiedenen Bindungstechniken auf das einaxiale Tragverhalten von Textilbeton getroffen werden. Offen bleibt jedoch, inwieweit sich die gefundenen Gesetzmäßigkeiten auf mehraxiale Beanspruchungssituationen übertragen lassen. Dadurch werden Fragen bezüglich des Tragverhaltens textiler Bewehrungen unter mehraxialen Zugbeanspruchungen aufgeworfen, welche die Motivation für die vorliegende Arbeit liefern. Die hierzu durchgeführten experimentellen Untersuchungen umfassen 84 Einzelversuche und wurden in einem speziell für zweiaxiale Zugbeanspruchungen entwickelten Versuchsaufbau durchgeführt. Als textile Bewehrungen kamen zwei verschiedene Gelegearten aus AR-Glas und Carbon zum Einsatz. Die Ergebnisse konnten die bisher ausschließlich an einaxialen Dehnkörpern gewonnenen Erkenntnisse über das Tragverhalten textiler Bewehrungen grundsätzlich bestätigen. Für den Übergang von Zustand I zum Zustand II konnte eine Abhängigkeit der Erstrissspannung vom Spannungsverhältnis nachgewiesen werden. Die Merkmale der Zustände IIa und IIb zeigen hingegen keine signifikante Abhängigkeit vom Verhältnis aus Längs- und Querzugspannung. Darüber hinaus haben offenbar durch Querzug induzierte bewehrungsparallele Risse keine maßgeblichen Auswirkungen auf das Verbundverhalten der Rovings in Längsrichtung. Eine wesentliche Erkenntnis aus den biaxialen Zugversuchen mit Carbon betrifft den Einfluss der Welligkeit. Es wurde deutlich, dass der Abbau der Welligkeit in beschichteten textilen Bewehrungen hochgradig lastabhängig ist. In zahlreichen Versuchen mit Carbon kam es innerhalb des Zustands IIb zu Delamination, einem bisher in diesem Umfang nicht beobachteten Effekt. Die Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich des Abbaus der Welligkeit wurden im Anschluss auf das Tragverhalten von AR-Glas übertragen und führten zu einer Neubewertung des bei AR-Glas beobachteten Steifigkeitsdefizits im Zustand IIb. Weiterhin wurde der Einfluss der Orientierung der Bewehrung unter einaxialer Beanspruchung an scheibenartigen Probekörpern untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass die untersuchten Bewehrungen aus AR-Glas hinsichtlich der Tragfähigkeit bei schiefwinkliger Beanspruchung deutlich unempfindlicher reagieren als Bewehrungen aus Carbon. Für die Reduktion der effektiven Faserbruchspannungen wurde ein mathematisches Modell vorgestellt, welches eine getrennte Beschreibung der geometrischen Einflüsse sowie alle sonstigen, die Faserbruchspannung reduzierenden Effekte erlaubt. / The load bearing and bond behaviour of textile reinforcements has been comprehensively studied experimental in recent years. The findings are based almost exclusively on uniaxial loading. Generally, from the comparison of tests on rovings and fabrics conclusions can be drawn about the influence of transverse and supporting threads and different binding patterns on the uniaxial load-bearing behaviour. However, it remains open, to what extend the found principles are applicable to multi-axial loading situations. This raises questions about the load bearing behaviour under multi-axial tension loading, which provide motivation for this work. For the experimental studies on 84 specimens a specially developed test setup for biaxial tensile loading was used. Two different types of textile reinforcements made from AR-glass and carbon fibres were examined. The results generally approve the findings on the structural behaviour of textile reinforcements exclusively derived from uniaxial tests. A relationship between first cracking stress level and biaxial stress ratio has been found. The characteristics of the cracking phases and during stabilized cracking, however, show no significant dependencies on the ratio of longitudinal and transverse tensile stresses. Furthermore, parallel cracks induced by transverse tensile stresses have no significant impact on the bond behaviour of longitudinal rovings. An essential result from biaxial tensile tests with carbon is the strong influence of waviness. It became clear that the reduction of waviness in coated textile reinforcement is highly load-dependent. In numerous experiments with carbon reinforcement delamination occurred during stabilized cracking – an effect, that has been observed in this large scale for the first time. The findings regarding the reduction of the waviness were subsequently applied to AR-glass and led to a revaluation of the known stiffness deficit in the phase IIb. Furthermore, the influence of reinforcement orientation has been studied on discoidal specimens under uni-axial loading. It was found that the load bearing capacity of carbon reinforcement is much more sensible to load orientation than AR-glass. A mathematical model was presented, which allows the separate description of geometric factors and as well as all other effects that reduce the fibre tensile strength.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-05-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:22:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zuanaze_rcc_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 2365698 bytes, checksum: 5ed70ccdd25955ad8f5b2e015a21dec7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) / O monofluoroacetato de sodio (MFAS) ou composto 1080 e um rodenticida que foi amplamente utilizado para o controle de roedores e predadores domesticos, apos sua descoberta em 1945. Este potente rodenticida age bloqueando o ciclo de Krebs por acao do seu metabolito toxico, o fluorocitrato, e como consequencia, inibe a resposta celular e a producao de ATP. O MFAS foi proibido por lei no Brasil e em diversos paises, mas seu uso indiscriminado continua causando diversos casos de intoxicacoes potencialmente fatais no homem e animais domesticos, principalmente em caes e gatos, representadas por alteracoes neurologicas e cardiacas. Pretendeu-se com este estudo caracterizar o perfil hematologico e bioquimico, as alteracoes histopatologicas e toxicologicas de gatos intoxicados experimentalmente com MFAS, com o objetivo de determinar metodos diagnosticos eficazes. Para tanto, foram utilizadas amostras de sangue de 16 gatos intoxicados experimentalmente com 0,45mg/kg de MFAS, por via oral. Estas amostras foram colhidas por puncao jugular e analisadas quanto ao perfil hematologico, bioquimica serica e analises toxicologicas em cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia (CLAE), para deteccao e quantificacao do MFAS no soro dos animais. Avaliaram-se tambem as lesoes macro e microscopicas dos animais intoxicados que vieram a obito. Observaram-se leucopenia e trombocitopenia transitorias; hiperglicemia, aumento das enzimas musculares creatinoquinase (CK) e creatinoquinase fracao cardiaca (CK-MB); observaram-se tambem hipocalemia, hipofosfatemia e hipomagnesemia. Os achados macroscopicos e histopatologicos demonstraram lesoes caracteristicas de processos isquemicos e as analises toxicologicas demonstraram um metodo diagnostico simples e eficiente... / Sodium monofluoroacetate (SMFAC) or 1080 compound is a potent rodenticide, largely used since 1945 for rodent and domestic pest control. The toxic effects of SMFAC are caused by fluorocitrato, a toxic metabolite, which has a competitive action with aconitase enzyme, leading to citrate accumulation and interferes in energy production by Krebs cycle blockade. In Brazil, although prohibited by law, there is illegal use, keep causing intoxication in children and domestic animals, specially dogs and cats. The most common intoxication clinical signs are from the cardiac and neurological alterations. In the present study, 16 domestic cats were intoxicated with oral doses of monofluoroacetate (0.45mg/kg). The hematologic and biochemical profiles, and histophatological and blood serum toxicological analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were made to looking for a efficient diagnosis methods. The hematologic profile showed transitory leucopenia and trombocitopenia; the biochemical profile presented hiperglycemia, increase of creatinoquinase enzyme (CK) and creatinoquinase cardiac fraction (CK-MB), hypokalemia and hypophosfatemia were observed. The macrocospic and histopathological findings showed lesions characteristic of degenerative and ischemic processes. The toxicological analysis was shown to be a simple and efficient diagnostic method. SMFAC was detected in 75% of the serum samples analysed, and it was verified an average concentration of 0.32 ìg/mL in them; 4.81% of the serum samples did not show metabolized SMFAC six hours after the induced intoxication of the animals used in this study.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alvarenga_cmd_dr_botfm_prot.pdf: 1786103 bytes, checksum: 14d9f0d294fb6c639b79eab0f8e823c6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar, experimentalmente, o possível mecanismo pelo qual o extrato aquoso de Plectranthus barbatus (boldo-brasileiro), planta utilizada popularmente como abortiva, atua sobre o organismo materno ou sobre o desenvolvimento do concepto durante o período de pré-implantação, correlacionando sua ingestão com possíveis alterações no transporte e desenvolvimento embrionário ou com alterações hormonais maternas... / The present study was conducted to determine the possible mechanism by which the aqueous extract of Plectranthus barbatus (brazilian-boldo), a plant used popularly as abortive agent, can lead to early loss of pregnancy, correlating this possible effect with morphological alterations in the embryo, oviductal motility dysfunctions or maternal hormonal level modifications...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address)

Orientador: Michiko Sakate / Banca: Noeme Sousa Rocha / Banca: Manoel Lima de Menezes / Banca: Mara Regina Stipp Balarin / Banca: Silvana Lima Gorniak / Resumo: O monofluoroacetato de sodio (MFAS) ou composto 1080 e um rodenticida que foi amplamente utilizado para o controle de roedores e predadores domesticos, apos sua descoberta em 1945. Este potente rodenticida age bloqueando o ciclo de Krebs por acao do seu metabolito toxico, o fluorocitrato, e como consequencia, inibe a resposta celular e a producao de ATP. O MFAS foi proibido por lei no Brasil e em diversos paises, mas seu uso indiscriminado continua causando diversos casos de intoxicacoes potencialmente fatais no homem e animais domesticos, principalmente em caes e gatos, representadas por alteracoes neurologicas e cardiacas. Pretendeu-se com este estudo caracterizar o perfil hematologico e bioquimico, as alteracoes histopatologicas e toxicologicas de gatos intoxicados experimentalmente com MFAS, com o objetivo de determinar metodos diagnosticos eficazes. Para tanto, foram utilizadas amostras de sangue de 16 gatos intoxicados experimentalmente com 0,45mg/kg de MFAS, por via oral. Estas amostras foram colhidas por puncao jugular e analisadas quanto ao perfil hematologico, bioquimica serica e analises toxicologicas em cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia (CLAE), para deteccao e quantificacao do MFAS no soro dos animais. Avaliaram-se tambem as lesoes macro e microscopicas dos animais intoxicados que vieram a obito. Observaram-se leucopenia e trombocitopenia transitorias; hiperglicemia, aumento das enzimas musculares creatinoquinase (CK) e creatinoquinase fracao cardiaca (CK-MB); observaram-se tambem hipocalemia, hipofosfatemia e hipomagnesemia. Os achados macroscopicos e histopatologicos demonstraram lesoes caracteristicas de processos isquemicos e as analises toxicologicas demonstraram um metodo diagnostico simples e eficiente...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrõnico abaixo) / Abstract: Sodium monofluoroacetate (SMFAC) or 1080 compound is a potent rodenticide, largely used since 1945 for rodent and domestic pest control. The toxic effects of SMFAC are caused by fluorocitrato, a toxic metabolite, which has a competitive action with aconitase enzyme, leading to citrate accumulation and interferes in energy production by Krebs cycle blockade. In Brazil, although prohibited by law, there is illegal use, keep causing intoxication in children and domestic animals, specially dogs and cats. The most common intoxication clinical signs are from the cardiac and neurological alterations. In the present study, 16 domestic cats were intoxicated with oral doses of monofluoroacetate (0.45mg/kg). The hematologic and biochemical profiles, and histophatological and blood serum toxicological analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were made to looking for a efficient diagnosis methods. The hematologic profile showed transitory leucopenia and trombocitopenia; the biochemical profile presented hiperglycemia, increase of creatinoquinase enzyme (CK) and creatinoquinase cardiac fraction (CK-MB), hypokalemia and hypophosfatemia were observed. The macrocospic and histopathological findings showed lesions characteristic of degenerative and ischemic processes. The toxicological analysis was shown to be a simple and efficient diagnostic method. SMFAC was detected in 75% of the serum samples analysed, and it was verified an average concentration of 0.32 ìg/mL in them; 4.81% of the serum samples did not show metabolized SMFAC six hours after the induced intoxication of the animals used in this study. / Doutor

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-05T15:46:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniel Gomes de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 1447085 bytes, checksum: f382ec268ae42480adeee8f03e5ccda2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-13T15:32:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniel Gomes de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 1447085 bytes, checksum: f382ec268ae42480adeee8f03e5ccda2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-13T15:32:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniel Gomes de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 1447085 bytes, checksum: f382ec268ae42480adeee8f03e5ccda2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Considering the high cost and large amount of time demanded by the activity generation tests in the software development process, the need a proposal to reduce both the time spent as the related costs testing activities is necessary. In this context, the use of tools or processes that make the activities of generation of more agile testing, less costly and meet demands for precision are key to companies operating in software development market can achieve their goals. Based on these information comes to questions regarding how to go about adopting a process that makes possible the achievement of objectives in order to meet the results mentioned previously, even with the difficulties of generating test data as a result of of programs input areas are infinite. There are different tools that use various strategies for generating test data, however, lacks evidence as the quality of these tools. In this context, the aim of this work is conducting an experimental evaluation of some automatic test data generators to identify which one offers the best cost / benefit in terms of effective in detecting defects number of generated test data, code coverage demanded by test data, and generation time of testing. At second step a third tool was included along manually generated tests. New test sets using three automatic generators and included the manually -generated sets project were generated. Finally, results were presented in terms of effectiveness and efficiency through the comparison between the four test sets . / Considerando o alto custo e a grande quantidade de tempo demandada pela atividade de criação de casos de testes dentro do processo de desenvolvimento de software. A utilização de ferramentas ou procedimentos que tornem o processo de geração de dados de testes mais ágil, menos oneroso e que atendam demandas por precisão se tornam fundamentais para que as empresas atuantes no mercado de desenvolvimento de software possam atingir seus objetivos. Com base nessas informações, surge a dúvida relacionada a como proceder para adotar um processo de desenvolvimento e teste de software que tornem possíveis o alcance dos objetivos de forma a atender os resultados mencionados anteriormente, mesmo com as dificuldades de gerar dados de teste em decorrência dos domínios de entrada dos programas serem em geral infinitos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é conduzir uma avaliação experimental de geradores automáticos de dados de teste visando identificar qual deles apresenta a melhor relação custo/benefício em termos de eficácia em detectar defeitos, número de dados de teste gerados e cobertura de código determinada pelos conjuntos de teste. A pesquisa foi dirigida em duas etapas: na primeira, dois geradores foram avaliados em relação a um conjunto de 32 programas Java e os resultados obtidos indicam que, de maneira geral, o gerador CodePro foi o que apresentou a melhor relação custo benefício frente ao Randoop; na segunda, foi inclusa uma terceira ferramenta, juntamente a testes gerados de forma manual. Foram gerados novos conjuntos de teste utilizando os três geradores automáticos e incluso ao projeto conjuntos gerados de forma manual. Ao final, foram apresentados os resultados em termos de eficácia e eficiência por meio dos comparativos entre os quatro conjuntos de teste.

Cette thèse propose une étude quantitative de la variation de l'ordre des constituants en persan avec un intérêt particulier pour l'ordre relatif entre le COD et le COI étant donné son rôle crucial dans les analyses de la structure du SV. Afin de remédier à une lacune empirique dont souffre l’étude de la syntaxe du persan, notre premier objectif est d’évaluer, à partir de données empiriques robustes, l’hypothèse largement admise selon laquelle il existe un ordre relatif canonique dichotomique entre les compléments verbaux, dépendant du marquage différentiel de l'objet (MDO). Notre second objectif, relatif à la linguistique générale et à la typologie, est de contribuer aux débats controversés sur les préférences translinguistiques de l'ordre des mots en étudiant, dans une langue SOV à structure mixte, les effets des facteurs tels que le poids (ou la longueur relative). Les résultats de nos études de corpus et de nos expériences montrent l’inadéquation du critère MDO pour expliquer l’ordre relatif entre le COD et le COI. Cette conclusion nous conduit à réfuter également l’hypothèse de la position syntaxique double de l’objet au profit d’une structure plate pour le SV. De plus, nos données révèlent une préférence « long-avant-court » subordonnée aux facteurs contribuant à la saillance, tels que la définitude, l'animéité et le rôle grammatical. Nous arguons que cette préférence échappe, en partie ou totalement, aux modèles du traitement se fondant sur la distance entre la tête et ses dépendants, alors qu’elle est compatible avec l'hypothèse selon laquelle dans les langues SOV l'accessibilité conceptuelle des constituants longs favorise leur production plus en amont dans la phrase. / This thesis proposes a quantitative study of word order variations in Persian, focusing on the relative order between the direct object (DO) and the indirect object (IO). The latter plays a crucial role in the theoretical analyses of the VP, which in the absence of quantitative studies lack solid empirical underpinning. My first goal is to contribute to the study of Persian syntax by providing reliable data in order to evaluate the prevailing hypothesis according to which there exists a dual canonical relative order between the two objects triggered by the Differential Object marking (DOM). My second goal is to contribute to the ongoing debates on word order preferences in general linguistics and typology by bringing in data on an SOV language with mixed head-direction. To this end, I study the effect of factors such as grammatical weight (or relative length), which are claimed to influence the linear order across languages. First, the results of our corpus and experimental studies show that the DOM account of the relative order between the DO and the IO is flawed. Based on this conclusion, I also reject the two object positions hypothesis and plead for a flat structure view of the VP. Second, our data reveal a “long-before-short” preference, which is shown to depend on the effect of salience-enhancing factors such as definiteness, animacy and the grammatical role. I argue that while this preference is, either totally or partially, incompatible with the predictions of processing-oriented dependency-based models, it can be accounted for by production models assuming that the greater conceptual accessibility of longer constituents favors their early position in SOV languages.