In this presentation it is demonstrated that the unique magnetic properties of superparamagnetic cobalt-spinel ferrite nanoparticles can be employed in several novel applications. A method to selectively capture and remove pathogens from infected organisms to improve longevity is presented. Evidence is provided to show that automated methods using modified forms of hemofiltration or peritoneal dialysis could be used to eliminate the particle/pathogen or particle/infected cell conjugates from the organism postoperatively. It is shown that disparately functionalized nanoparticles can be used in concert as drug carrier and release mechanisms. Lastly, we provide preliminary evidence to support the use of magnetic nanoparticles for controlling reaction kinetics.

Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit sont dédiés à l'étude des composants passifs pour l'électronique de puissance à haute température. Des condensateurs et des matériaux magnétiques sont sélectionnés et caractérisés jusqu'à environ 250°C. Les caractéristiques électriques et électromagnétiques montrent, pour certains de ces composants et matériaux, des dépendances significatives en fonction de la température, mais également des non-linéarités et des phénomènes d'hystérésis. Les caractérisations sont ensuite exploitées pour la conception d'un filtre CEM d'entrée d'un onduleur de tension de 2kW. Une démarche et des considérations liées au dimensionnement d'un filtre sont détaillées. Un démonstrateur de filtre CEM est testé en charge et à haute température (200°C). Les résultats montrent une dépendance relativement faible des perturbations conduites entre 150kHz et 30MHz en fonction de la température (environ +6dBµA entre 25°C et 200°C selon la norme DO-160F). Le fonctionnement à haute température de composants passifs au sein d'un filtre CEM pour l'électronique de puissance a été démontré. En complément du filtre à composant discret et pour répondre aux besoins d'atténuation à haute fréquence qui seront accrus pour les convertisseurs à base de semi-conducteurs à grand gap (SiC et GaN) qui commutent plus rapidement que des interrupteurs de type IGBT en Si, nous avons proposé l'intégration de condensateurs de mode commun au sein d'un module de puissance. Les résultats simulés et expérimentaux ont montré une réduction des perturbations conduites grâce à l'intégration de ces condensateurs. Cette solution, compatible avec un fonctionnement à haute température, est positionnée comme une solution alternative à un filtre d'entrée complexe (multi-niveaux) et s'inscrit dans la tendance actuelle des IPEM (Intelligent/Integrated Power Electronics Module) qui recherche l'intégration de fonctions dans le module de puissance. L'ensemble de ces travaux souligne par ailleurs l'importance du packaging pour l'électronique de puissance à haute température.

This thesis discusses two different magnetic materials: epitaxial yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and heteromorphous CoFeB-SiO2 films. YIG films were grown by pulse laser deposition (PLD) techniques onto gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrates of (111) and (001) crystal orientations. Using stoichiometric and overstoichiometric ablative targets, we developed two types of YIG submicron films. The films grown from overstoichiometric targets have magnetic properties slightly different from standard liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) YIGs. They also demonstrate good substrate matching and approximately 6% nonstoichiometry. In contrary, films grown from stoichiometric targets posses surprisingly high values of uniaxial anisotropy, meanwhile cubic anisotropy is reduced several times. These films also reveal strong lattice distortions and nonstoichiometry around 17%. Employing Weiss molecular field theory and single-ion anisotropy model we determined the preferential occupancy of the octahedral [a] positions in the YIG cubic lattices by Fe3+ vacancies. The vacancies were found to be preferentially oriented along the growth direction perpendicular to the film surface. We called this effect “deformation blockade”. Different magnetostatic surface wave (MSSW) filters were also demonstrated. The filters employ high uniaxial anisotropy in YIG submicron films with magnetic losses ΔH ~ 1 Oe.  Heteromorphous CoFeB-SiO2 films were deposited onto glass substrates employing carrousel magnetron sputtering. This novel technique allows amorphous films fabrication with record high in-plane anisotropy. The induced anisotropy fields here are approximately dozen times greater the values achieved using conventional growth technique when external bias field is applied during deposition process. Interesting observations were made studying CoFeB-SiO2 magnetization dynamics in the wide frequency range from 500 kHz up to 15 GHz.  Two different anomalies of the magnetic susceptibility were found at the field of in-plane anisotropy Hp and critical field Hcr (0 < Hcr < Hp). We explained the anomalies appearance by sequence of the domain walls transformations so that Néel-Bloch-Néel domain wall transition stands for the instability at H = ±Hcr and transition from the uniformly magnetized state to the domain state with Néel domain wall and vice versa is responsible for the instability at H = ±Hp. / QC 20111122

S'ha obtingut la comprensió dels fenòmens donant lloc a l'ordenament magnètic i l'anisotropia magnetocristal.lina de ferrites hexagonals uniaxials. S'han realitzat mesures de difracció de raigs X i de neutrons (per afinar l'estructura i l'ordenament magnètic), mesures magnètiques en funció de la temperatura (permetent determinar imantació a saturació amb la llei d'aproximació a la saturació, i anisotropia magnetocristal.lina per detecció del punt singular), i mesures d'espectroscòpia Mössbauer (per determinar el comportament del Fe3+ en diferents llocs de l'estructura).Per la ferrita tipus M BaFe12O19, les dades estructurals han permès realitzar el càlcul de les interaccions dipolars entre els spins dels ions, justificant l'anisotropia magnetocristal.lina a baixa temperatura. S'han obtingut les interaccions d'intercanvi entre els Fe3+ de dades d'espectroscòpia Mössbauer en funció de la temperatura, que justifiquen el comportament magnètic en funció de la temperatura. Els resultats permeten explicar el comportament del LaZnFe11O19 i de la família SrFe12-xCrxO19 per x menor que 8. Les propietats de l'estructura R BaMn2Fe4O11 són coherents amb les de l'estructura M. / Se ha obtenido la comprensión de los fenómenos dando lugar al ordenamiento magnético y la anisotropía magnetocristalina en ferritas hexagonales uniaxiales. Se han realizado medidas de difracción de rayos X y de neutrones (para afinar la estructura y el ordenamiento magnético), medidas magnéticas en función de la temperatura (permitiendo determinar imanación a saturación por medio de la ley de aproximación a la saturación, y anisotropía magnetocristalina por detección del punto singular), y medidas de espectroscopia Mössbauer (para determinar el comportamiento del Fe3+ en diferentes posiciones de la estructura).Para la ferrita tipo M BaFe12O19, los datos estructurales han permitido realizar el cálculo de las interacciones dipolares entre los spines de los iones, justificando la anisotropía magnetocristalina a baja temperatura. Se han obtenido las interacciones de intercambio entre los Fe3+ a partir de datos de espectroscopia Mössbauer en función de la temperatura, que justifican el comportamiento magnético en función de la temperatura. Los resultados permiten explicar el comportamiento del LaZnFe11O19 y de la serie SrFe12-xCrxO19 para x menor que 8. Las propiedades de la estructura R BaMn2Fe4O11 son coherentes con las de la estructura M.PALABRAS CLAVE: Física del estado sólido, Materiales magnéticos, Ferritas hexagonales, Anisotropía magnetocristalina, Espectroscopia Mössbauer, Difracción de neutrones y de rayos X. / The aim has been the understanding of phenomena giving rise to the magnetic ordering and magnetocrystalline anisotropy in uniaxial hexaferrites. Measurements of X-ray and neutron diffraction (to refine structure and magnetic ordering), magnetization as function of temperature (to obtain magnetization to saturation with the law of approach to saturation, and magnetocristalline anisotropy with the singular point detection), and Mössbauer spectroscopy (to determine the behaviour of Fe3+ in different places of structure), have been done.For the M ferrite BaFe12O19, structural data has allowed the computation of dipolar interactions among ionic spins, justifying magnetocrystalline anisotropy at low temperatures. Exchange interactions among Fe3+ have been obtained from Mössbauer data as function of temperature, explaining the magnetic behaviour as function of temperature. The results explain the behaviour of LaZnFe11O19 and the series SrFe12-xCrxO19 for x less than 8. The properties of the R-structure BaMn2Fe4O11 are coherent with the properties of the M structure.KEYWORDS: Solid state physics, Magnetic materials, Hexagonal ferrites, Magnetocristalline anisotropy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Neutron and X-ray diffraction.

GONÇALVES, Nizomar de Sousa. Utilização da água de coco em pó na preparação de nanopartículas de ferritas. 2007. 46 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2007. / Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2014-11-13T22:17:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_nsgoncalves.pdf: 1509521 bytes, checksum: 892d11d7fe93897c2f435078c8f4175a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2014-11-14T17:51:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_nsgoncalves.pdf: 1509521 bytes, checksum: 892d11d7fe93897c2f435078c8f4175a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-14T17:51:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_nsgoncalves.pdf: 1509521 bytes, checksum: 892d11d7fe93897c2f435078c8f4175a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The present work is dedicated to the studies of the preparation and characterization of the nickel ferrites and cobalt. These ferrites were synthesized by the sun-gel process in suspension of water of coconut lyophilized (ACP) manufactured in Cear´a. This synthesis method allowed to obtain in way efficient ferrite nanoparticles. The samples were treated for 4 hours at 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 C. A preliminary study of the cobalt ferrite varying the concentration of the coconut water above your critical micelle concentration (8,3 mmol/l) it showed as that can influence in the quality of the nanoparticles. The Xray difraction (XRD), the Raman spectroscopy and Scanning Eletron Microscopy (SEM) were applied to study the dependence of the size of the nanoparticle of nickel ferrite with the temperature of the thermal treatment, and the correlation of your electrical properties and the results of M¨ossbauer spectroscopy with your morphologic characteristics. The cristalinity of the ferrites increases with the temperature of the thermal treatment. Measurements of the complex permitivity carried out in cavity resonators at 5,9 and 9,0 GHz have showed that your values of the real part decrease with the increase of the temperature of the thermal treatment (3,6 - 2,4), while the imaginary part stay low for more elevated temperatures of the thermal treatment (about 10−3). Measurements of complex impedance to lower frequencies (75 KHz to 30 MHz), have showed that it increases with the increase of the temperature of the thermal treatment. The results of M¨ossbauer spectroscopy showed that the ferrites presents a structure inverse spinel with the ions Ni2+ occupying the site B and the ions Fe3+ equally distributed in the sites A and and B. To temperatures of thermal treatment below 800 ºC, favored the presence in the grains of a phase Grain Boundary (greater condutivity) observed so much in the behavior of the electric properties as in the answers of the M¨ossbauer spectroscopy. / Este trabalho é dedicado aos estudos da preparação e caracterização das ferritas de níquel e cobalto. Estas ferritas foram sintetizadas pelo processo de sol-gel em suspensão de água de coco liofilizada (ACP) fabricada no Ceará. Este método de síntese permitiu obter de forma eficiente nanopartículas de ferritas. As amostras foram calcinadas durante 4 horas a 400, 600, 800, 1000 e 1200 °C. Um estudo preliminar da ferrita de cobalto variando a concentração da água de coco acima da sua concentração micelar crítica (8,3 mmol/litro) mostrou como isso pode influenciar na qualidade e na homogeneização das nanopartículas. A difração de raios-X (XRD), a espectroscopia Raman e a Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (SEM) foram aplicadas para estudar a dependência do tamanho da nanopartícula de ferrita de níquel com a temperatura do tratamento térmico, e a correlação de suas propriedades elétricas e os resultados de espectroscopia Mössbauer com as suas características morfológicas. A cristalinidade das ferritas aumenta com a temperatura do tratamento térmico. Medidas da permissividade complexa realizadas em cavidades ressonantes a 5,9 e 9,0 GHz mostraram que seus valores da parte real decrescem com o aumento da temperatura do tratamento térmico (3,6 - 2,4), enquanto os da parte imaginária permanecem baixos para as temperaturas mais altas do tratamento térmico (cerca de 10-3). Medidas de impedância complexa a frequências mais baixas (75 KHz a 30 MHz), mostraram que ela aumenta com o aumento da temperatura do tratamento térmico. Os resultados de espectroscopia Mössbauer mostraram que as ferritas apresentam uma estrutura espinélio inverso com os íons Ni2+ ocupando os sítios B e os íons Fe3+ distribuídos igualmente nos sítios A e B. Para temperaturas de tratamento térmico abaixo de 800°C favoreceram a presença nos grãos de uma fase mais condutora (Grain Boundary), observada tanto no comportamento das propriedades elétricas quanto nas respostas da espectroscopia Mössbauer.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5622993 bytes, checksum: 5f55f5275c3e644a55c5f60e02cff6ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Ferrites are well studied materials due to their wide application as: gas detector, optical, electronic and magnetic devices, catalyst and pigments. In the synthesis of materials, the properties are extremely influenced by the synthesis method. In this work, four methods were used in the synthesis of spinel ferrites with composition Zn1-xCuxFe2O4 (x = 0,0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,0). These were: microwave assisted hydrothermal method (HMO), polymeric precursor (PP), solid state reaction (ES) and thermal decomposition (CA). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), surface area analysis by the BET method e field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM). The synthesis realized with different methods presented very distinct results according to the characterization methods. The sample with composition Zn0,75Cu0,25Fe2O4 was selected as standard for comparison among the applied methods. Samples obtained by the hydrothermal method presented high surface area (128 m2.g-1) and using the particle size obtained by BET and crystallite size calculated from the XRD patterns, it was estimated that there is about 1 crystallite per particle. All samples had high short- and long-range disorder. The sample synthesized by de PP method presented the highest crystallinity, with high short and long range order, leading to a high photoconductivity, intermediary surface area due to the sintering among small particles. The CA method presented an intermediate characteristic between the PP and ES methods. Comparing to HMO method, the PP, ES and CA ones presented small surface areas (not exceeding 2 m2.g-1), and about 9 times more crystallites per particle. Generally, the formation of ZnFe2O4 spinel was achieved by all methods applied, with the synthesis of CuFe2O4 was not possible depending on the reaction media or at lower temperatures. / As ferritas são materiais bastante estudados devido às diversas aplicações como: detector de gases, dispositivos ópticos, eletrônicos e magnéticos, catalisadores e pigmentos. Na síntese de materiais, essas propriedades são influenciadas pelo método de síntese. Neste trabalho, quatro métodos foram empregados na síntese das ferritas do tipo espinélio com composição Zn1-xCuxFe2O4 (x = 0,0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,0). Estes foram: o hidrotermal assistido por micro-ondas (HMO), o precursor polimérico (PP), reação no estado sólido (ES) e decomposição térmica (CA). As amostras foram caracterizadas por difração de raios-X (DRX), espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (IV), espectroscopia Raman, espectroscopia na região do ultravioleta e do visível (UV-Vis), análise de área superficial pelo método de BET e microscopia eletrônica de varredura com emissão de campo (MEV-EC). Nas sínteses realizadas pelas diferentes metodologias, resultados diferentes foram obtidos em todas as técnicas empregadas. A amostra de composição Zn0,75Cu0,25Fe2O4 foi utilizada como composição padrão como comparação entre os métodos. Amostras obtidas pelo método hidrotermal apresentaram elevada área superficial (128 m2.g-1) e utilizando o tamanho de partícula calculado pelo BET e o tamanho de cristalito calculado pela difração, pode ser estimado que praticamente há cerca de 1 cristalito por partícula. Todas as amostras apresentaram elevada desordem a curto e a longo alcance. A amostra sintetizada pelo método PP apresentou a maior cristalinidade, com elevada ordem a curto e longo alcance, gerando alta fotocondutividade, com área superficial intermediária, devido à sinterização entre partículas pequenas. O método CA, em geral, apresentou comportamento intermediário entre o método PP e ES. Os métodos PP, ES e CA, quando comparados ao método HMO, apresentaram pequena área superficial (não excedendo 2 m2.g-1) e cerca de 9 vezes mais cristalitos por partícula. De um modo geral, a formação do espinélio ZnFe2O4 foi alcançada por todos os métodos utilizados, enquanto a síntese do CuFe2O4 não foi possível em alguns meios reacionais ou em temperaturas mais baixas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo dos Santos Silva.pdf: 1117478 bytes, checksum: 9ff9f4ff74a5d270d04abae90138b522 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-13 / The ferrites have been studied systematically, due to their dielectric and magnetic properties, being used in various applications in industry such as core processors, catalysts. In this work, we synthesized and characterized ferrites ZNXMg(1-x) Fe2O4, where 0≤x≤0.8, by the method of combustion reaction. This method have been used to produce ferrites quickly and inexpensively for producing ferrites quickly and inexpensively. The following chemical were used in the synthesis: iron nitrate Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, magnesium nitrate Mg (NO3)3.6H2O, zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)3.6H2O and urea CO(NH2)2 as fuel. The obtained ferrites were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results of atomic absorption spectroscopy showed that the samples were synthesized with stoichiometry close to the calculated. The Xray diffraction showed that there was the formation of the spinel phase, typical of ferrites, the crystallite size varied from 37nm to x = 0.8 and 55 nm for x = 0.4. Infrared spectroscopy showed absorption bands typical of spinel type ferrites. The magnetic saturation, coercivity and remanent magnetization varied with the amount of zinc. The x=0,4 zinc ferrite had a maximum of magnetic saturation of 246.4 (emu/cm3) for x = 0.4 zinc. The value of coercivity and remnant magnetization decreased with the replacement of magnesium by zinc. The coercivity ranged from 82.0 (Oe) for x = 0,0 to 3.8 (Oe) for x = 0.8 and the remnant magnetization ranged from 17.0 (emu/cm3) for x = 0.0 to 0.3 (emu/cm3) for x = 0.8. The Curie temperature decreased with the replacement of magnesium by zinc, and the Curie temperature of ferrite, magnesium MgFe2O4, was 750 K. / As ferritas têm sido objeto de estudo sistemático, devido às suas propriedades magnéticas e dielétricas, sendo utilizadas nas mais diversas aplicações na indústria como por exemplo núcleo de transformadores, catalisadores. Neste trabalho, sintetizamos e caracterizamos ferritas de Mg(1-x)Znx Fe2O4, onde 0 ≤ x ≤ 0,8 pelo método da reação de combustão. Este método se mostra muito promissor por produzir ferritas de forma rápida e com baixo custo. Foi utilizado na síntese: nitrato de ferro Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, nitrato de magnésio Mg(NO3)3.6H2O, nitrato de zinco Zn(NO3)3.6H2O e uréia CO(NH2)2 como combustível. As analises das ferritas foram feitas por: espectroscopia de absorção atômica, difração de raio X (DRX), espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e magnetometria de amostra vibrante (VSM). Os resultados de espectroscopia de absorção atômica demonstraram que as amostras foram sintetizadas com estequiometria próxima da calculada. A difração de raios-X mostrou que houve a formação da fase espinélio, típica das ferritas, o tamanho do cristalito variou entre 37nm para x = 0,8 e 55 nm para x = 0,4. A espectroscopia no infravermelho apresentou bandas de absorção típicas de ferritas do tipo espinélio. A saturação magnética, coercividade e magnetização remanescente variaram com a quantidade de zinco. As ferritas tiveram um valor máximo de saturação magnética de 246,4 (emu/cm3) para x=0,4 de zinco. O valor da coercividade e a magnetização remanescente diminuíram com a substituição do magnésio por zinco. A coercividade variou de 82,0 (Oe) para x=0,0 a 3,8 (Oe) para x=0,8 e a magnetização remanescente de variou de 17,0 (emu/cm3) para x=0,0 a 0,3 (emu/cm3) para x=0,8. A temperatura de Curie diminuiu com a substituição de magnésio por zinco, sendo que a temperatura de Curie da ferrita de magnésio, MgFe2O4 , foi de 750 K.

Résumé Les rejets des Usines à Zinc de Kolwezi contiennent majoritairement du zinc sous forme réfractaire (ferrite) au traitement hydrométallurgique conventionnel. Ils contiennent d’autres métaux « lourds » qui les rendent dangereux vis-à-vis de l’environnement dans lequel ils sont actuellement entreposés. Ces métaux, dont la plupart peuvent être valorisés, font de ces rejets un véritable gisement secondaire. Il est donc impératif de mettre au point un procédé adéquat de valorisation ; d’où le thème de la présente thèse : « Etude de valorisation des rejets des Usines à Zinc de Kolwezi, RDC ». A l’aide des techniques modernes de caractérisation (physico–chimique, minéralogique et morphologique), nous sommes arrivés à cibler, à adapter et à justifier l’utilisation d’une technique de valorisation des matières minérales existantes. Les minéraux utiles contenus dans les rejets UZK ont été sulfatés par digestion et sélectivement mis en solution après un grillage. La sulfatation s’est avérée l’étape déterminante du procédé et un intérêt particulier a été focalisé sur cette étape en réalisant une étude cinétique approfondie. Les données et informations récoltées tout le long de cette recherche nous ont permis de réaliser une simulation du procédé par le logiciel ASPEN PLUS. Ce qui a permis de faire une ébauche d’un schéma de traitement industriel. Ce dernier s’est avéré souple vis-à-vis de l’utilisation d’autres matières comme les calcines des concentrés sulfurés cuivre-zinc. Residues from the Kolwezi Zinc Plant (Usines à Zinc de Kolwezi UZK) essentially contain zinc in a refractory (ferrite) form, which is difficult to recover by conventional hydrometallurgical methods. « Heavy» metals are also present that make them hazardous towards the environment in which they are currently stored. Most of these metals are valuable; thus, the UZK residues are a real secondary deposit. It is therefore imperative to develop an appropriate method of treatment, hence the theme of the present thesis: « Recovery study of values metals from Kolwezi Zinc Plant residues, DRC ». Using modern techniques of characterization (physical and chemical, mineralogical and morphological), we focused, adapted and justified the use of a technique for efficient recovery of the existing valuable minerals. The minerals contained in UZK residues have been sulphated by digestion and thereafter selectively dissolved after roasting. Sulphatation proved to be the decisive step of the process and a particular attention has been given to this step by performing a detailed kinetic study. The data and information collected throughout this research allowed a simulation of the developed method by using the « Aspen Plus » software. This allowed us to propose a draft scheme of industrial processing. The latter proved flexible towards the use of other materials such as calcines of copper-zinc sulphide concentrates.

In this age of wireless technology, Body Area networks (BAN) is revolutionising the concept of patient care and health monitoring. BAN provides people good assessment of their health status at any time, wherever they are physically. The increased interest in developing effective body (in, on & off) communication systems made phantoms which can mimic the electrical properties of an actual human body necessary. Wearable antennas which are the indispensable part of BAN got to be low pro file and above all influences that human body can make. There should also be a way to reduce the effect of antennas on human body namely specific absorption rate (SAR). In this work effort has been made to develop phantoms suitable for both On body and In body communications. The base materials which are selected for the study are of biological origin (bio ceramics and biopolymers) whose behaviour is closer to that of human tissues. As these phantoms are biocompatible they are essentially non toxic where the conventionally available phantoms are toxic in nature. Different kinds of low profile conformal wearable antennas working at 2.4GHz ISM band were developed and studied in the BAN perspective. Antennas suffer much in terms of matching and efficiency when they are in contact or in the premises of human body. This is a major hurdle in the way to setting up a good body communication network. This work encompasses various techniques adopted to limit the body interferences to an acceptable level. The techniques adopted (Such as Backing Ground Plane, High Impedance Surface & Polymeric Ferrite Sheets) proved to be effective in reducing the sway in antenna characteristics when they are mounted on body. Specific absorption rate is also brought to acceptable levels and thus avoiding the formation of hot spots due to microwave absorption. A safer and cost effective BAN can be set up using this work which will lead to a safer, mobile and healthy future. / Les réseaux BAN (Body Area Network) révolutionnent le concept de la surveillance et de la prise en charge à distance de la santé du patient. Le BAN fournit des informations sur l’état de santé du patient en temps réel quelque soit l’endroit où il se trouve. Dans le « télé monitoring », des capteurs de mouvement, de respiration ou du rythme cardiaque placés à l’intérieur ou sur le corps humain transmettent des données via le réseau sans fil constituant le BAN, une antenne étant associée à chaque nœud du réseau. La communication peut être in/on, on/on ou on/off selon que les antennes sont placées à l’intérieur, sur ou à l’extérieur du corps. Le développement des BAN nécessite la réalisation de modèles (ou fantômes) simulant au mieux les propriétés électromagnétiques du corps humain. Des antennes portables, miniaturisées doivent être réalisées avec des contraintes d’intégration d’une part (aux vêtements, à des objets type montre ou badge), des contraintes de résistance ou de prise en compte de l’influence du corps d’autre part. La réduction de l’impact des antennes sur les tissus en terme de SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) doit également être considérée. Dans ce travail, l’objectif est de développer des fantômes valables pour les communications dans et sur le corps. Les matériaux de base sélectionnés sont d’origine biologique (biocéramiques et biopolymères) avec des propriétés proches de celles des tissus humains. Ces fantômes étant biocompatibles, ils sont essentiellement non toxiques alors que les fantômes usuels le sont en général. D’autre part, différents types d’antennes conformables, fonctionnant dans la bande ISM 2.4 GHz ont été développées et étudiées dans la perspective du BAN. Les antennes voient leur adaptation et leur efficacité chuter au contact ou à proximité du corps, ce qui constitue un écueil majeur pour établir une bonne communication. Différentes méthodes permettant de réduire l’influence du corps (plan de masse à l’arrière, surface haute impédance, feuille de ferrite polymère) sont testés et leurs avantages et inconvénients développés. Des mesures de SAR permettent aussi de démontrer l’efficacité de ces méthodes sur la réduction de la puissance absorbée par les tissus. Au final, ce travail apporte une contribution à l’étude théorique et expérimentale de l’interaction entre corps humain et antenne dans le cadre des réseaux BAN appliqués à la télésurveillance de la santé.

Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit sont dédiés à l'étude des composants passifs pour l'électronique de puissance à haute température. Des condensateurs et des matériaux magnétiques sont sélectionnés et caractérisés jusqu'à environ 250°C. Les caractéristiques électriques et électromagnétiques montrent, pour certains de ces composants et matériaux, des dépendances significatives en fonction de la température, mais également des non-linéarités et des phénomènes d'hystérésis. Les caractérisations sont ensuite exploitées pour la conception d'un filtre CEM d'entrée d'un onduleur de tension de 2kW. Une démarche et des considérations liées au dimensionnement d'un filtre sont détaillées. Un démonstrateur de filtre CEM est testé en charge et à haute température (200°C). Les résultats montrent une dépendance relativement faible des perturbations conduites entre 150kHz et 30MHz en fonction de la température (environ +6dBµA entre 25°C et 200°C selon la norme DO-160F). Le fonctionnement à haute température de composants passifs au sein d'un filtre CEM pour l'électronique de puissance a été démontré. En complément du filtre à composant discret et pour répondre aux besoins d'atténuation à haute fréquence qui seront accrus pour les convertisseurs à base de semi-conducteurs à grand gap (SiC et GaN) qui commutent plus rapidement que des interrupteurs de type IGBT en Si, nous avons proposé l'intégration de condensateurs de mode commun au sein d'un module de puissance. Les résultats simulés et expérimentaux ont montré une réduction des perturbations conduites grâce à l'intégration de ces condensateurs. Cette solution, compatible avec un fonctionnement à haute température, est positionnée comme une solution alternative à un filtre d'entrée complexe (multi-niveaux) et s'inscrit dans la tendance actuelle des IPEM (Intelligent/Integrated Power Electronics Module) qui recherche l'intégration de fonctions dans le module de puissance. L'ensemble de ces travaux souligne par ailleurs l'importance du packaging pour l'électronique de puissance à haute température. / The study, which is described in this dissertation, is dedicated to passive components in order to be integrated into high temperature power electronic converters. Capacitors and magnetic materials are selected and characterized up to 250°C. Electrical and electromagnetic characteristics are measured. Some components show a significant temperature deviation, but also a non-linear behavior with a hysteresis phenomenon. Based on these characteristics, a high temperature EMI filter for a 2kW voltage inverter is designed. The design procedure and some practical considerations are discussed. Then, the experimental results from the prototype at 200°C under full load conditions are given. The variation of the conducted emissions, from 150kHz and 30MHz, with the temperature is low (about +6dBµA between 25°C and 200°C into a DO-160F setup). The feasibility of a working EMI filter for high temperature power electronics is demonstrated. To meet the high frequency EMI requirements, with wide-band gap semi-conductors devices which are faster than Si IGBT, a solution based on integrated common mode capacitors into the power module is proposed. With this solution, operation at high temperature is also doable. Experimental results show a reduction of the conducted emissions thanks to these integrated capacitors. We consider this solution as an alternative against an increased complexity of the EMI input filter. It follows the present trends toward the integration of functions into a power module, close to the power switches. Moreover, packaging issues are highlighted and remains as a major limitation for high temperature power electronics.