[pt] Ao longo da história da Geografia, o trabalho de campo se apresentou como uma importante metodologia na construção e na produção do conhecimento geográfico. Sua contribuição, também pode ser observada nos processos de desenvolvimento do ensino–aprendizado relacionado à educação básica. Como metodologia de ensino, o trabalho de campo pode ampliar as possibilidades de construção do pensamento crítico e pode permitir um contato maior com a realidade, possibilitar a relação entre a teoria e o real. Nesse sentido, pensando o trabalho de campo como uma metodologia a qual possibilita a construção do saber geográfico, esta pesquisa apresenta como objetivo analisar o papel do trabalho de campo como metodologia que contribui para a construção e o desenvolvimento do pensamento espacial na formação do aluno na escola básica. Dessa forma, procuramos analisar, a partir da aplicação de um questionário on-line, como os docentes de geografia consideram a sua utilização para o desenvolvimento do ensino da disciplina de geografia na educação básica. Ainda buscamos, a partir da perspectiva docente, investigar uma possível relação entre os princípios fundadores do pensamento espacial e o trabalho de campo, e como este pode ser utilizado como uma possibilidade do ensino relacionado à construção do pensamento espacial na educação básica no ensino de geografia. / [en] Throughout the history of Geography, fieldwork has presented itself as an important methodology in the construction and production of geographic knowledge. Their contribution can also be seen in the teaching-learning development processes related to basic education. As a teaching methodology, fieldwork can expand the possibilities of building critical thinking and can allow greater contact with reality, enabling the relationship between theory and reality. In this sense, thinking of fieldwork as a methodology that enables the construction of geographic knowledge, this research aims to analyze the role of fieldwork as a methodology that contributes to the construction and development of spatial thinking in the education of students in basic school. Thus, we seek to analyze, using an on-line questionnaire, how geography teachers consider their use for the development of teaching geography in basic education. We still seek, from the teaching perspective, to investigate a possible relationship between the founding principles of spatial thinking and fieldwork, and how it can be used as a possibility of teaching related to the construction of spatial thinking in basic education in geography teaching.

The objective of this research is to enhance comprehension of the strategies employed by field workers to prevent criminal and deviant behaviour among young people in marginalised areas. The data collected from the interviews were examined using thematic analysis and theoretical frameworks such as social capital and social bond theory. The study found that field workers prioritise building strong relationships, trust and creating a sense of purpose for youth. They achieve this by being open and inclusive, showing interest, and socialising with the youth. The activities organised by the field operations were crucial in fostering a sense of purpose in the youth’s daily lives, by catering to their interests and helping them progress.Two key tools that field workers use in their preventive work were identified in this study; field specific competence and a sense for your surroundings.The study also revealed that field workers face challenges such as uncertainty due to lack of clear guidelines, difficulties in managing some youth, and obstacles like limited resources and issues with collaborating with other organisations.

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as transformações do espaço através de sua mercantilização numa fazenda, ocupada por posseiros e em processo de desapropriação para ser transformada em assentamento. Essas transformações espaciais serão analisadas em momentos distintos, ou seja, a produção social ao longo do processo histórico num período de cerca de 100 anos. Algumas questões foram desenvolvidas ao longo do trabalho no sentido de perceber a alteração da organização do espaço da Fazenda e sua relação com a lógica da expansão urbana nas várias escalas, global, nacional e local; a forma como a lógica de uso da terra rural e urbana se expressa no espaço; o modo como as novas funções do espaço contribuem para sua reorganização. Um dos métodos de investigação nessa pesquisa foi a descrição, vendo esse método como elemento fundamental da análise geográfica no sentido de perceber a realidade como uma totalidade complexa à medida em que se misturam variáveis novas formando um todo mais intrincado em que os fenômenos se inter-relacionam. Outro método de investigação nessa pesquisa foi o método materialista histórico e dialético que conduziu para a compreensão do espaço como um produto histórico e social no qual uma sociedade, em um determinado momento histórico e das relações econômicas e sociais de produção interage com ele. O procedimento mais importante para a realização desse estudo é o trabalho de campo que foi relatado em detalhes nessa pesquisa, apontando sua importância e desafios. Os inquéritos e entrevistas feitos com os moradores da Fazenda Cantagalo contou com a riqueza de narrativas de onze moradores antigos cuja memória do passado no presente permitiu compreender melhor esse espaço. Todos os resultados obtidos foram dispostos numa matriz espaço-tempo e utilizada, ao longo do trabalho, para pensar sobre as diferentes maneiras com que os elementos especificados na matriz: terra, sujeitos sociais, trabalho, produção, natureza, Estado, organização e lutas se relacionam e tensionam contribuindo para a compreensão da produção do espaço da Fazenda Cantagalo. / [en] This dissertation aims at understanding the space transformations by means its commodification, based on the study of a farm, in a rural area at first occupied by squatters and currently undergoing a process of expropriation, so that it is transformed into a settlement. These spatial transformations will be analysed in different moments, which encompass the examination of social production along the historical process during a period of approximately 100 years. Throughout the research, the focus was the change of the organisation of Cantagalo Farm space and its relation with the logic of urban expansion in various scales: global, national and local; the way in which the logic of the use of rural land is expressed in space; the way the new space functions contribute to its reorganisation. One of the methods of investigation in this research was description, understood as a fundamental element of geographical analysis, as it allows the perception of reality as a complex totality, in as much as new variables are added, giving shape to a more intricate whole in which the phenomena are interrelated. Another investigation method used was Dialectical and Historical Materialism, which lead to the understanding of space as a historical and social product in which a society, at a given historical moment, and from given economic and social relations of production, interacts with that space. The most important procedure for the fulfilment of this study was the fieldwork, whose details reported in the dissertation demonstrate its importance and the challenges faced along the process. The enquiries and interviews made with the inhabitants of Cantagalo Farm were enriched by the reports of 11 old dwellers, whose current memory of the past enabled a better understanding of this space. All the obtained results were disposed in a space-time matrix, used, throughout the research, as an operational procedure for reflection about the different manners in which the elements specified in the matrix (land, social subjects, work, production, nature, State, organisation and struggles) are interrelated and wound up, contributing to the understanding of the production of space in Cantagalo Farm.

This paper looks at the issue of homelessness from an emic perspective of a homeless people themselves. The categories under discussion here, and the order of importance in which they are presented arises from the context of the street and has been determined by the research itself. Besides a reference to a typology of homelessness it focuses primarily on the personal - individual strategies of survival, the needs of people on the street, their activities and economic behavior. In addition there is a space for the voice of homeless people's closest associates, charity workers. The paper also applies topics such as exclusion homeless people and outlines some possible solutions. The research methods employed are, semi- structured narrative interviews, participate and non-participate observation.

No description available.

This case study is conducted through ten weeks of field studies in South-Eastern Uganda. Both authors have received funding from Minor Field Study scholarships. These scholarships were provided by Sida, Sweden's government agency for development cooperation. This entails that the authors are contract bound to comply with the terms and regulations established by Sida and Jönköping University as well as write and submit a report to the Swedish Council of Higher Education upon return to Sweden.  Without the substantial contributions from the local community in Kamuzinda and neighbouring villages, this thesis would not have been completed. First and foremost, profound gratitude is expressed to the many people who contributed to making this study a reality, be it big or small. This includes our supervisor Åsa Westermark, who has been of great help and guidance throughout the entire research process. Secondly, we want to thank Uganda Child Care Sweden for a productive collaboration, with special recognition to Ponsiano Nyombi and Rebecca Nanyanzi for their welcoming hearts and support throughout our entire stay in Uganda. Lastly, we are forever grateful to the people who brought us into their homes and were willing to share their life stories with us. It is your participation and kindness that made this thesis possible.

South Africa is currently facing a severe shortage of trained and competent social workers. Case loads have reached proportions of such magnitude that social workers in the field are battling to meet the needs of the people they serve, while still maintaining high ethical and professional standards. The impact of HIV/AIDS on the field of social work has currently redirected a major part of the focus of the profession on meeting the needs of child-headed households, to find and train foster parents for these children and generally to assist the poorest of the poor to access various grants applicable to their circumstances. This redirection appears also to have changed the emphasis regarding social work training requirements. Whereas in the past the newly qualified social worker was able to acquire additional skills in the workplace, under the guidance of experienced social workers, today it would seem that the demands of the work place are such that the social worker needs to take on significant responsibilities on entering the field. At the same time the Department of Social Services in South Africa is encouraging universities to increase the intake of social work students, in an attempt to meet this rising need for personnel trained to meet the current requirements of the clients of social work services. This exploratory research will focus on the applicability of UNISA (University of South Africa) social work training to these current requirements of social work by tapping into three different frames of reference: 1) The experiences and perceptions of the final year social work student in their placement setting, and particularly on whether they have felt their UNISA training equipped them for the work they are required to do. 2) The way the UNISA student is perceived by the practice setting personnel (contact person), and whether they meet the requirements of the field setting. 3) Input from the UNISA appointed supervisors responsible for the final year social work students' professional development in the field.The person-centred approach and the developmental approach have been briefly discussed in relation to social work in South Africa in the literature review and form the backdrop to this research, guiding the researcher in the exploration of the perceptions of the three different types of respondents. Post-modern theory is also at the root of the researcher's attempt to find fit between the different perceptions and the implications for social work training at a distance learning institute in South Africa today. / Social Work / M. A. (Mental Health)

South Africa is currently facing a severe shortage of trained and competent social workers. Case loads have reached proportions of such magnitude that social workers in the field are battling to meet the needs of the people they serve, while still maintaining high ethical and professional standards. The impact of HIV/AIDS on the field of social work has currently redirected a major part of the focus of the profession on meeting the needs of child-headed households, to find and train foster parents for these children and generally to assist the poorest of the poor to access various grants applicable to their circumstances. This redirection appears also to have changed the emphasis regarding social work training requirements. Whereas in the past the newly qualified social worker was able to acquire additional skills in the workplace, under the guidance of experienced social workers, today it would seem that the demands of the work place are such that the social worker needs to take on significant responsibilities on entering the field. At the same time the Department of Social Services in South Africa is encouraging universities to increase the intake of social work students, in an attempt to meet this rising need for personnel trained to meet the current requirements of the clients of social work services. This exploratory research will focus on the applicability of UNISA (University of South Africa) social work training to these current requirements of social work by tapping into three different frames of reference: 1) The experiences and perceptions of the final year social work student in their placement setting, and particularly on whether they have felt their UNISA training equipped them for the work they are required to do. 2) The way the UNISA student is perceived by the practice setting personnel (contact person), and whether they meet the requirements of the field setting. 3) Input from the UNISA appointed supervisors responsible for the final year social work students' professional development in the field.The person-centred approach and the developmental approach have been briefly discussed in relation to social work in South Africa in the literature review and form the backdrop to this research, guiding the researcher in the exploration of the perceptions of the three different types of respondents. Post-modern theory is also at the root of the researcher's attempt to find fit between the different perceptions and the implications for social work training at a distance learning institute in South Africa today. / Social Work / M. A. (Mental Health)

Title: Educational projects focused on the area of Milíčov forest and ponds. This graduation thesis deals with project education in the field of natural monument Milíčov forest and ponds. It directly borders with southern city housing estate. Result of this work is a collection of materials focusing on environmental education and upbringing pupils on 2nd stage of basic schools, which are located near this monument. These are mainly a methodology for teachers, manual to the project education, worksheets for pupils and creative solution of worksheets for teachers. The starting point for creating projects has been a partial study, questionnaire and open discussion with students. Teoretical part at its beginning describes general conservation and special nature protection, to place issues in a boarder context. The historical aspect is also mentioned. In the thesis are also defined Milíčov forests and ponds characteristics, taking into account their rarities. It is mainly dealt with occurring of important species and specially protected species in this area. In my work is also given the emphasis on the General educational program, environmental education, analysis of schoolbooks and organizational forms of teaching. I bear on didactic theory of which I issued in projects creating. Keywords: General...

Text in Afrikaans / OPSOMMING `n Verkennende en beskrywende studie is onderneem om wetenskaplike gefundeerde riglyne ten opsigte van die benutting van onderrigtegnieke vir praktykopleiers beskikbaar te stel vir maatskaplikewerksupervisie aan voorgraadse studente. Om supervisie effektief te kan aanwend, moet praktykopleiers van onderrigtegnieke kennis dra en dit kan aanwend. Die literatuurstudie fokus op die onderrigfunksie van supervisie en `n klassifikasie en beskrywing van onderrigtegnieke wat binne die supervisieproses aangewend kan word. Al twee-en-twintig supervisors/praktykopleiers wat betrokke is by gesinsorgorganisa- sies in die Metropool- en Bolandstreek, Wes-Kaap is betrek. `n Gestruktureerde vraelys is as data-insamelingsmetode benut. Die bevindinge en resultate toon aan dat voortgesette opleiding deur middel van informele opleidingstrategieë van praktykopleiers noodsaaklik is, om hul kennis ten opsigte van die onderrigfunksie van supervisie uit te brei asook die benutting van onderrigtegnieke aan te moedig. Verdere navorsing kan fokus op die benutting van onderrigtegnieke uit die Gestalt- of ander benaderings tydens supervisie. SUMMARY An exploratory and descriptive study was undertaken to provide scientifically based guidelines regarding educational techniques used by practical trainers when providing social work supervision to undergraduate students. To apply supervision effectively, practical trainers must have knowledge of educational techniques and be able to apply these. The literature study focuses on the educational function of supervision and provides a classification and description of educational techniques that can be applied within the supervision process. The sample included twenty-two supervisors/practical trainers at family welfare organisations in the Metropolitan and Boland regions, Western Cape. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data. The findings and results show that continuing education through informal training strategies by practical trainers is essential to expand their knowledge of the educational function of supervision and to encourage the use of educational techniques. Further research should focus on educational techniques from the Gestalt approach or other approaches. / Social work / M.Diac.