The aim of this study was to examine young people’s experiences of participation within the intervention Contact Person. Three questions were asked concerning young people’s experience of participation, aspects that promoted/limited the young people’s experience and the significance they attached to the intervention. The findings in this study are based on phenomenological interviews with five teenagers within the intervention Contact Person. The results were analyzed by using Hart’s Ladder of participation and Habermas’ perspective of life world and system. The main findings of this study suggest that a good relationship with their contact person is essential for the teenagers’ experience of participation whereas a bad relationship limits their experience. The relationship can be seen as a prerequisite for participation. Ingredients deemed important in relationships promoting participation were for instance trust, honesty and involvement. The intervention seemed to promote psychological processes and behavioral patterns. The theoretical analysis showed that all the participants, except one, had experiences of the highest rung on Hart’s Ladder of participation. The participants experienced high levels of participation when communication was based on a communicative rationality corresponding to their life world perspective. Conversely, the participants experienced low participation when confronted with the system and its instrumental rationality.

Insatsen kontaktperson används flitigt inom socialtjänsten, trots det finns det ytterst lite forskning kring insatsen och dess effekter. Detta arbete strävar efter att få en ökad förståelse för socialsekreterares användande av insatsen kontaktperson för ungdomar samt hur socialsekreterares handlingsutrymme har påverkat det användandet. För att nå en ökad förståelse kring detta har en kvalitativ intervjustudie genomförts där socialsekreterare från olika socialkontor fått berätta om sina erfarenheter och upplevelser kring insatsen. Utifrån de uppgifter som framkommit under intervjuerna har olika teman skapats som beskriver skäl att använda insatsen, vilka effekter som ses av insatsen samt skillnader och likheter mellan olika handläggares agerande. Resultatet visar att kontaktperson kan beviljas av många olika anledningar och att de upplevda effekterna varierar. Det blir också tydligt hur fritt det är för varje socialsekreterare att själv utforma insatsen, vilket gör att det går ifrågasätta klienters rättssäkerhet då detta skiljer sig mellan olika kommuner. / In Swedish social services work with youths one of the most common ways to help is to grant the youth a sort of grownup mentor, a contact person. Despite of this, there is very little research about this kind of mentoring and its effects. In this study, we wanted to increase our understanding of the use of contact person for youths and also how the social workers discretion affects the use of contact person. To be able to do that a qualitative interview study was made where social workers from different social service offices shared their knowledge and experiences about contact person. Based on the information that was given during the interviews we were able to identify different themes that describe reasons to use contact person, which effects the social workers can see and also the differences and similarities between the different social workers way to use it. The result shows that social workers can provide youths with a contact person for a variety of reasons, and that the experienced effects differ between the social service offices. The result also makes it clear how the social workers in a free way are allowed to form the setup and implement of the contact person, which makes it possible to question the client’s rights to receive the same help no matter where you live or who you meet with.

<p>This essay describes social workers view on the action contact person. The study was qualitative and six social workers were interviewed on the topic. The effort contact person were chosen as the object for this study since it is the most common action given to young people, despite the lack of research about this subject. The result was analyzed out of conduct action theory and the theory of street level bureaucrats as well as scientific research in this area. The result of this study shows that most of the social workers consider the action as positive. The knowledge that they value the most in their work is gut feeling and their own experience. The young people that are assigned the action have a wide variation of different issues. The action was often used as a first step before placement outside the home. The action also functioned as a way to get a view of the life situation of the young people. The social workers in the study experienced that they have a great deal of freedom of action in their work with the young people. However the study shows that their freedom of action are in many ways restricted; for example they had few alternative actions and they were all limited by the budget.</p>

<p>I ett aktionsforskningsprojekt om kontaktmannaskap deltog en arbetsgrupp på ett vårdboende i tre fokusgruppssamtal. I problemorienteringsfasen klargjordes kontaktpersonens roller. Dessa roller var <em>relationsskaparen,</em> <em>länken</em> och <em>administratören</em>. Rollen som relationsskapare var den mest givande för kontaktpersonen. Rollerna som relationsskapare och länk var sammanflätade då länken var beroende av att relationen fungerade. Med rollerna som grund genomfördes planeringsfasen där arbetsgruppen diskuterade hur kontaktmannaskapet behövde förändras. För att kunna fullfölja de tre rollerna behövdes utrymme i form av tid, särskilt som relationsskapare och länk. Administratören behövde också tid, men var inte på samma sätt beroende av en relation till vårdtagaren. Gruppen identifierade tre förändringsområden <em>det första mötet</em>, <em>information</em> och <em>informationsöverföring</em>. Det första mötet behövde utvecklas då det var grunden för en god relation som byggde på ömsesidighet och förtroende. En sådan utveckling kräver att kontaktpersonen får tid, men också stöd från enhetschef, sjuksköterska och/eller vice kontaktperson. I aktionsfasen utformade gruppen tillsammans en informationsbroschyr för att förbättra informationen. Planerade första möten har genomförts av kontaktperson och sjuksköterska både på korttidsvård och med besök i den äldres hem. Ett gott kontaktmannaskap kräver inre förutsättningar i form av vilja och kompetens hos kontaktpersonen. Det krävs också yttre förutsättningar i form av tid och stöd.</p> / <p>In an action research project about the system of contact persons a working team in a nursing home participated in three focus group sessions. During the reflection phase the roles of the contact person were established. These roles were <em>the creator of relations</em>, <em>the link</em> and <em>the administrator</em>. The role as the creator of relations was the most rewarding to the contact person. The roles as the creator of relations and the link were intertwined as the link was depending on a good relation. On the basis of the roles, the planning phase continued with discussions about how the system of contact persons could be changed. To fulfil the three roles time was needed, especially as the creator of relations and the link. The administrator also needed time, but was not dependent on a relation to the elderly person in the same way. The working team identified three areas to develop; <em>the first meeting</em>, <em>information</em> and <em>transmission of information</em>. The first meeting was an opportunity to start a good relation based on reciprocity and trust. Apart from time the contact person needed support from the manager, the nurse and/or the vice contact person. In the action phase the working team designed an information brochure to improve the information. Arranged first meetings have been conducted by the contact person and the nurse at the municipal transitory care center and by visit the elderly person’s house. A good system of contact persons demands internal conditions such as the will and competence within the contact person. It also demands external conditions such as time and support.</p><p> </p>

I ett aktionsforskningsprojekt om kontaktmannaskap deltog en arbetsgrupp på ett vårdboende i tre fokusgruppssamtal. I problemorienteringsfasen klargjordes kontaktpersonens roller. Dessa roller var relationsskaparen, länken och administratören. Rollen som relationsskapare var den mest givande för kontaktpersonen. Rollerna som relationsskapare och länk var sammanflätade då länken var beroende av att relationen fungerade. Med rollerna som grund genomfördes planeringsfasen där arbetsgruppen diskuterade hur kontaktmannaskapet behövde förändras. För att kunna fullfölja de tre rollerna behövdes utrymme i form av tid, särskilt som relationsskapare och länk. Administratören behövde också tid, men var inte på samma sätt beroende av en relation till vårdtagaren. Gruppen identifierade tre förändringsområden det första mötet, information och informationsöverföring. Det första mötet behövde utvecklas då det var grunden för en god relation som byggde på ömsesidighet och förtroende. En sådan utveckling kräver att kontaktpersonen får tid, men också stöd från enhetschef, sjuksköterska och/eller vice kontaktperson. I aktionsfasen utformade gruppen tillsammans en informationsbroschyr för att förbättra informationen. Planerade första möten har genomförts av kontaktperson och sjuksköterska både på korttidsvård och med besök i den äldres hem. Ett gott kontaktmannaskap kräver inre förutsättningar i form av vilja och kompetens hos kontaktpersonen. Det krävs också yttre förutsättningar i form av tid och stöd. / In an action research project about the system of contact persons a working team in a nursing home participated in three focus group sessions. During the reflection phase the roles of the contact person were established. These roles were the creator of relations, the link and the administrator. The role as the creator of relations was the most rewarding to the contact person. The roles as the creator of relations and the link were intertwined as the link was depending on a good relation. On the basis of the roles, the planning phase continued with discussions about how the system of contact persons could be changed. To fulfil the three roles time was needed, especially as the creator of relations and the link. The administrator also needed time, but was not dependent on a relation to the elderly person in the same way. The working team identified three areas to develop; the first meeting, information and transmission of information. The first meeting was an opportunity to start a good relation based on reciprocity and trust. Apart from time the contact person needed support from the manager, the nurse and/or the vice contact person. In the action phase the working team designed an information brochure to improve the information. Arranged first meetings have been conducted by the contact person and the nurse at the municipal transitory care center and by visit the elderly person’s house. A good system of contact persons demands internal conditions such as the will and competence within the contact person. It also demands external conditions such as time and support.

This essay describes social workers view on the action contact person. The study was qualitative and six social workers were interviewed on the topic. The effort contact person were chosen as the object for this study since it is the most common action given to young people, despite the lack of research about this subject. The result was analyzed out of conduct action theory and the theory of street level bureaucrats as well as scientific research in this area. The result of this study shows that most of the social workers consider the action as positive. The knowledge that they value the most in their work is gut feeling and their own experience. The young people that are assigned the action have a wide variation of different issues. The action was often used as a first step before placement outside the home. The action also functioned as a way to get a view of the life situation of the young people. The social workers in the study experienced that they have a great deal of freedom of action in their work with the young people. However the study shows that their freedom of action are in many ways restricted; for example they had few alternative actions and they were all limited by the budget.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka kontaktpersonskap med fokus på kontaktpersoners erfarenheter av relationsprocessen med ungdomar. Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ metod där empirin insamlades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visar att kontaktpersonerna fick olika roller i insatsen. Ömsesidighet, tillit, trygghet, öppenhet, äkthet, anpassning och tillgänglighet framkom som centralt i att bygga och upprätthålla relationer. Parternas kännedom om varandra, aktiviteter och kontaktpersonens förmåga att känna in ungdomen visade sig också vara centralt. Anledningar till avslut var olika och kontaktpersonerna kunde uppleva både lättnad, glädje och tomhet. Relationerna kunde fortsätta även efter avslut. Resultaten av denna studie visade sig i hög grad överensstämma med tidigare forskning. Tidigare forskning på den svenska kontaktpersonsinsatsen visade sig dock vara högst begränsad. Utifrån detta är det av stor vikt att vidare undersöka kontaktpersoninsatsen och relationsskapande med ungdomen för att kunna definiera utvecklingsområden med avsikt att effektivisera insatsen. / The aim of the study was to examine the contact person intervention focusing on contact persons' experiences of the relationship process with adolescents. Based on a qualitative method, the empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The result show that the contact persons had different roles in the intervention. Mutuality, trust, security, openness, authenticity, adaptation, and accessibility emerged as central to building and maintaining relationships. Knowledge of one another, activities, and the contact person's ability to empathize with the adolescent also proved central. The reasons for termination differed and the contact persons could experience relief, joy, and emptiness. Relationships could continue even after termination. The results proved highly consistent with previous research.However, previous research on the Swedish intervention proved to be very limited. It is of great importance to further investigate the intervention and relationship building with the adolescent to define developmental areas to make the intervention more effective.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand how elderly peoples` right to participate is revealed in care plans and through contact persons in Swedish community nursing homes in order to shed light on and participate in creating knowledge concerning the phenomena participation and care plans.  Method: A qualitative approach was used in this study with semi-structured interviews and document analysis as a base. In order to gain empirical data six contact persons from two different nursing homes in the same community were interviewed and eight care plans examined. Theory: The theoretical points used to understand the empirical data were Foucaults` theory about power and different theoretical phrases related to power as following: Professional power, relatives` power, client power and resource power. Results: The results show that there is a gap between how elderly peoples` wishes concerning care planning are documented in care plans and expressed by contact persons. Elderly peoples´ possibilities to participate in care planning depend on a variety of aspects like their will and ability to communicate, economic situation, relatives` involvement, time, care plans, amount of ordinary staff and staffs` strategies to explore elderly peoples` wishes in order to allow them to participate in establishing their care plan.

<p>The purpose of this essay was to study which arguments social workers used in the basis of their estimation concerning young people of the age 13-18 given an aid, a contact person (swe. kontaktperson). The purpose was also to describe how the legal paragraph, regarding contact person, is regulated and then compare the arguments made by the social worker with the intentions expressed by the legislator. To answer our purposes we studied the law and the intentions expressed by the legislator, which is the foundation for the legal paragraph that regulates contact person, 3 chap. 6 §. Through studies of social journals at five local authorities we collected material to make a comparison between the arguments found in the journals with the intentions expressed by the legislator.</p><p>We used legal method and the perspective of sociology of law. The Swedish law, Socialtjänstlagen (2001:453) is a basic law which means that our legal paragraph, 3 chap 6 §, is open for interpretation. It is every local authority's own option how to apply the paragraph. The results showed that the social workers do use the same terms as the legislator. Our results also showed that the social workers to a great extent used arguments that could not be traced to the intentions expressed by the legislator. The essay is a quantitative study. Our data has been processed through a program for statistical analysis, SPSS, version 14.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences).</p>

The purpose of this essay was to study which arguments social workers used in the basis of their estimation concerning young people of the age 13-18 given an aid, a contact person (swe. kontaktperson). The purpose was also to describe how the legal paragraph, regarding contact person, is regulated and then compare the arguments made by the social worker with the intentions expressed by the legislator. To answer our purposes we studied the law and the intentions expressed by the legislator, which is the foundation for the legal paragraph that regulates contact person, 3 chap. 6 §. Through studies of social journals at five local authorities we collected material to make a comparison between the arguments found in the journals with the intentions expressed by the legislator. We used legal method and the perspective of sociology of law. The Swedish law, Socialtjänstlagen (2001:453) is a basic law which means that our legal paragraph, 3 chap 6 §, is open for interpretation. It is every local authority's own option how to apply the paragraph. The results showed that the social workers do use the same terms as the legislator. Our results also showed that the social workers to a great extent used arguments that could not be traced to the intentions expressed by the legislator. The essay is a quantitative study. Our data has been processed through a program for statistical analysis, SPSS, version 14.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences).