Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:44:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 411934 bytes, checksum: 292238cc72aa1a0364617cde96e9168d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study aims to empirically analyze the intergenerational income mobility in the light of this concept. For this, two empirical tests are performed with education of parents and children data in Canada and Brazil. The methodological procedure consists of: 1) estimate the relationship between the schooling of children and parents and 2) analyze the behavior of the error of the regression through the socioeconomic status of the parents; is expected to reduce the error variance for parents with more education. We opted also by the method of quantile regression, given the problem of identification of model, pointed out by Figueiredo, Lima e Schaur (2014), present in the estimations by least squares. The results showed that in Canada the education of parents has significant influence on the education of children. Furthermore, it was found that the qualified mobility is verified, since the error variance is negatively related to parents' education. The results for Brazil show increasing variance with the level of parental education, so that the intergenerational mobility did not correspond the characteristics of a qualified mobility. / O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar empiricamente a mobilidade intergeracional de resultado à luz do conceito de Igualdade de Oportunidades Qualificada. Para isso, são realizados dois testes empíricos com dados de educação de pais e filhos do Canadá e do Brasil. O procedimento metodológico consiste em: 1) estimar a relação entre a escolaridade dos filhos e dos pais e 2) analisar o comportamento do erro da regressão através do status socioeconômico dos pais; espera-se que a variância do erro reduza para os pais com maior nível de instrução. Optou-se, ainda, pelo método de regressão por quantil, dado o problema de identificação do modelo, apontado por Figueiredo, Lima e Schaur (2014), presente nas estimações por mínimos quadrados. Os resultados mostraram que no Canadá a educação dos pais tem influência significativa sobre a educação dos filhos. Além disso, constatou-se que a mobilidade qualificada é verificada, uma vez que a variância do erro é negativamente relacionada com a escolaridade dos pais. Os resultados para o Brasil mostraram uma variância crescente com o nível de instrução dos pais, de forma que a mobilidade intergeracional não correspondeu às características de uma mobilidade qualificada.

Reflections of an adolescent's own future may contribute to its future direction. The concept of one's own family occupies an important position in these reflections and, to a certain extent, determines their form. Individuals from institutional care have disrupted original family ties, which are supposed to negatively affect their own family concepts. The diploma thesis is based on a qualitative methodological approach. The family concepts of individuals both from institutional care and regular family environment are investigated under the light of individuals' future orientations. The semi-structured interview and projective graphical methods were assigned to six individuals from institutional care and six individuals from regular family environment. A qualitative analysis of the data gathered confirmed that the concepts of a planned family of adolescents from institutional care differ from those of teens from the regular family environment. Adolescents from institutional care lack the emotional aspect of the family, and the family is perceived primarily as an institution serving to protect its members. Moreover, gender aspects are more pronounced in their family concepts, especially in parental roles, than in adolescents from the control group. Differences between groups are also found in other...

Pesquisas recentes vêm encontrando que alunos negros têm pior desempenho escolar que alunos brancos em testes cognitivos padronizados. A segregação racial é freqüentemente apontada na literatura internacional como uma das principais responsáveis por essa diferença. Nessa dissertação, foi analisado o efeito da segregação racial escolar no diferencial de proficiência escolar entre alunos brancos e negros do ensino fundamental brasileiro. Nos modelos estimados, mesmo após a utilização de diversos controles, foi encontrada evidência de que onde há maior segregação, os negros tem pior desempenho relativamente aos brancos. / Recent research have found that black students have worse schoolar performance than white students in standardized cognitive tests. Racial segregation is frequently pointed out as one of the main factors behind this scenario in international literature. We have studied the effects of racial seggregation on the black-white grade gap in Brazil. In the estimated models, even after the inclusion of several control variables, we have found that where the racial seggregation is higher, the grade differential is higher against black students.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T14:48:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessagomesdecastro.pdf: 1011845 bytes, checksum: 91c51035ad7c87b2a95a33b68b1a7bf8 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Adicionar instituição on 2016-02-01T15:46:51Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T16:25:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessagomesdecastro.pdf: 1011845 bytes, checksum: 91c51035ad7c87b2a95a33b68b1a7bf8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-01T20:14:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessagomesdecastro.pdf: 1011845 bytes, checksum: 91c51035ad7c87b2a95a33b68b1a7bf8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T20:14:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessagomesdecastro.pdf: 1011845 bytes, checksum: 91c51035ad7c87b2a95a33b68b1a7bf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-13 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho investiga os possíveis determinantes do sucesso educacional, considerando como tal a chegada do aluno ao terceiro ano do ensino médio em idade apropriada, sem ter sido reprovado e sem ter abandonado a escola durante sua trajetória. Observam-se os alunos em condições sociais de desvantagem que realizaram, com sucesso, sua trajetória escolar. Investiga-se o perfil e as características do background familiar dos alunos não brancos, com mães menos escolarizadas e com pior nível socioeconômico que chegaram, com sucesso, ao terceiro ano do ensino médio. Para tanto, são revistos alguns argumentos sociológicos sobre a educação na sociedade moderna, pontuando-se, parcialmente, suas finalidades, atribuições e implicações que fornecem os problemas desta pesquisa. Parte-se dos autores clássicos da sociologia, Marx, Weber e Durkheim, em direção às teorias do capital humano, teorias reprodutivistas, teorias neoweberianas e pesquisas empíricas realizadas no Brasil sobre as desigualdades perante o ensino, seguidas de revisão teórica sobre a expansão das políticas públicas para a educação no Brasil e sua relevância para a realização de trajetórias escolares de sucesso. Na parte empírica, os dados utilizados são do Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica (SAEB) 2011. Os resultados revelam o perfil e as características do background familiar dos alunos em condições sociais de desvantagem que atingiram o sucesso escolar. / This study investigates the possible determinants of educational success, considering as such the student’s incoming third year of high school at the appropriate age, without having been disapproved and without having left school during his career. Observe students in disadvantaged social conditions that successfully undertook their academic trajectory. Investigates the profile and characteristics of the family background of non-white students, mothers with less education and lower socioeconomic level that successfully reached the third year of high school. To this end, some sociological arguments about education in modern society are reviewed, punctuating partially their purposes, roles and implications that provide the problems of this research. It is part of the classic authors from sociology Marx, Weber and Durkheim, toward theories of human capital, reproductivist theories, neo-weberian theories and empirical research on education inequalities conducted in Brazil. Followed by theoretical review of the expansion of public policies for education in Brazil and its relevance to the achievement of successful academic career. In the empirical part, the data used are from Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica (SAEB) 2011. The results show the profile and characteristics of the family background of students in disadvantaged social conditions that hit school success.

Les professeurs des écoles, en zones d’éducation prioritaire (ZEP), font face à la forte hétérogénéité des niveaux de leurs élèves, à la grande difficulté scolaire et aux problèmes de discipline, plus fréquents qu’ailleurs. Pourtant, en ZEP, il existe des élèves en grande réussite scolaire (EGRS). Nous nous intéressons à la perception qu’ont les enseignants des EGRS à travers l’analyse de leurs déclarations ainsi qu’à leur quotidien avec ces élèves. Cette étude se propose d’explorer : leurs définitions d’un EGRS ; leurs déclarations autour des dispositifs mis en place pour les EGRS ; leurs avis sur des changements dans la vie de la classe liés à la présence des EGRS. Notre étude donne la parole aux enseignants par un questionnaire à échelle nationale à destination de l’ensemble des professeurs des écoles (2490 répondants) exerçant en ZEP en France ainsi qu’à travers des entretiens directifs menés avec dix d’entre eux. La personnalité des enseignants ressort significativement de nos résultats car de nombreuses variables caractérisant ces professionnels influencent leur définition des EGRS ainsi que leurs pratiques pédagogiques. Les enseignants décrivent le caractère particulier des EGRS, qui sont perçus comme des auxiliaires pédagogiques, prenant une part importante dans les actions conjointes. Il a danger d’instrumentaliser les EGRS au profit des élèves en difficulté, quitte à pénaliser leur propre acquisition de savoirs. Cela entre en dissonance avec la volonté par ailleurs affirmée des enseignants de garder un haut niveau d’exigence pour les EGRS présents dans leur classe. / The French government designated schools in deprived areas as « Educational Priority Areas » (EPAs). Primary school teachers working in EPA have to deal with a high heterogeneity in children’s levels. Moreover, violent behaviours and discipline maintenance are massive issues that are more frequent than in other areas in France. However, some children are high-performing pupils (HPPs) in EPAs as well.This work aims to investigate the perspective of primary school teachers facing high performance at school in EPA. We conducted a national survey of primary school teachers in EPAs, by a questionnaire online, and then performed led-interviews of teachers working in an EPA in Marseille. We focused the analysis of these declarative data in order to determine the definition of a HPP, the devices set up for HPPs, and the impact of HPPs on the class.2490 teachers responded to the national survey and ten personal interviews were performed. Most of the respondants agreed that HPPs are wise, listening and they participate. But, the definition of HPPs is mostly based on teacher-related criteria than institution. Interestingly, the personnal characteristics of the professional influences their HPP’s definition as well as their education practices, which highlight an important teacher effect toward HPPs. Finally, teachers considered HPPs as educational auxiliaries, having a key role during shared actions. Our research hightlight the teachers dilemna between the instrumentalization of HPPs for the benefit of the pupils in difficulty, which in a way is penalizing their own acquisition of knowledges, and their will to keep high-standard teaching objectives for the HPPs in their class.

My diploma thesis is based on data from Survey on income and living conditions 2011 from ad hoc module on intergenerational disadvantages. The study investigates the transmission of social status from one generation to another. The diploma thesis includes descriptive statistics and data analysis. The main goal is to determine the dependency of socio-economic variables on social status transmission. To examine the strength of transmission of social status (education and occupation) logistic regression was used. In the analysis are respondents in the age 30 -- 60 years old, who lived at least with one of their parents. Due to a large number of respondents dataset enables detailed separation to groups by age groups, education level etc. followed by differences comparison between defined groups. Using the wage mechanism data are representative for population structure of Czech Republic.

This thesis is a report of a survey of a political attitudes at McMaster University. The results are based on the data obtained in interviews with 193 undergraduates chosen in a random sample of the undergraduate population. This information was used to examine the level of interest in politics among the members of the sample, and the different ideological attitudes and party preferences of the students interviewed. The different levels of interest in politics were related to ecological factors such as family and school background, socio-economic status, sex, group involvement and place of residence. Political preferences were related to such factors as socio-economic status, religion, family preferences and academic interests. The more interesting conclusions might be summarized as follows. The students as a whole are more apathetic towards politics than might have been expected. Those who have an above average interest in politics tend to be found among those studying Arts subjects at Honours level and whose parents also have an above average interest. They also tend to be male. Students also tend to agree with their parents’ politics, except those who have a high level of interest in the subject. Finally, the interested students tend to be more radical (at least by the scale set up for this survey) than the apathetic. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

This dissertation consists of three essays, taking different perspectives on human capital. The first essay looks at human capital from a growth perspective. Essays two and three focuses on the individual’s occupational decision and its relation to family background. The first essay attempts to capture the effects on long run economic growth and transitional dynamics of the interaction between human capital and R&amp;D. We do this by allowing for endogenous human capital accumulation in an economy where the number of products and technologies expands because profit maximizing entrepreneurs do R&amp;D. We find that, in the absence of scale effects, long run growth is determined by the economy’s capacity to accumulate human capital. A relative lack of R&amp;D capital causes the economy to grow slowly during its transition to the steady state, while a relative abundance of R&amp;D capital gives high growth rates during transition. In the second essay, the classical Roy-model of selection on the labor market is extended in order to analyze intergenerational mobility. This is done through the introduction of ability uncertainty that is linked to family background. In contrast to to additional human capital models of intergenerational mobility, this mechanism rather than differences in access to capital markets links occupational oucomes of offspring to parents. We study the effects of income redistribution on mobility and talent allocation. It is found that redistribution has implications for intergenerational mobility and talent allocation through its influence on individual occupational choices. However, we conclude that the presence of a trade-off between redistribution and intergenerational mobility depends on the extent of similarity of occupations with regard to ability sensitivity and wage rates, and on the degree of individual risk aversion. Whether redistribution occurs only within an occupation or simultaneously within and across occupations is also inportant for the implicatons for mobility and talent allocation. In essay three, a model of occupational choice and human capital investment is developmed and tested. The model allows family background to influence occupational choice through access to economic resources, differences in costs of schooling, and ability uncertainty linked to background similar to that discussed in essay two. It is predicted that life time utility of children from less well-off background is more sensitive to economic incentives when risk aversion is strong. The model also predicts that people are more sensitive to economic incentives when considering occupations distant from their parent occuations. The implications of the theoretical model are tested and largely confirmed on Swedish data using a mixed multinominal logit framework which explicitly accounts for unobserved ability heterogeneity. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1998</p>

This Ph.D. thesis in Economics consists of four self-contained chapters that empirically explore sources of economic inequality, using data from experiments, sports competitions, and Swedish registers. Competing biases: Effects of gender and nationality in sports judging explores in-group biases among judges in the equestrian sport dressage – the only Olympic sport with subjective performance evaluations in which male and female athletes compete as equals. International dressage competitions provide a rare opportunity to investigate gender bias and nationalistic bias in the same setting, using naturally occurring data on decisions of professional decision makers. Gender differences in initiation of negotiation: Does the gender of the negotiation counterpart matter? experimentally investigates how gender differences in the willingness to enter a wage negotiation are affected by whether the counterpart is a man or a woman. The importance of family background and neighborhood effects as determinants of crime uses Swedish register data to estimate sibling and neighborhood correlations in criminal convictions and incarceration. Omission effects in fairness behavior experimentally tests if individuals are more prone to act selfishly if they can passively allow for a self-serving outcome to be implemented rather than having to make an active choice. / <p>Diss. Stockholm :  Stockholm School of Economics, 2014. Introduction together with 4 papers</p>

This Ph.D. thesis in Economics consists of five self-contained chapters that investigate the role of gender and family background in generating socioeconomic inequality. Occupational segregation by sex: The role of intergenerational transmission studies the persistence of the occupational sex segregation by investigating intergenerational associations in the sex composition of occupations. Gender differences in initiation of negotiation: Does the gender of the negotiation counterpart matter? experimentally examines how the gender difference in the willingness to enter a negotiation is affected by the gender of the counterpart in the negotiation. The importance of family background and neighborhood effects as determinants of crime estimates sibling and neighborhood correlations in criminal convictions and incarceration. IQ and family background: Are associations strong or weak? examines sibling and intergenerational correlations in IQ. Gender and inequality of opportunity in Sweden explores to what extent income inequality is due to factors beyond individuals' control, such as gender and parental income. / <p>Diss. Stockholm :  Stockholm School of Economics, 2014. Introduction together with 5 papers.</p>