El Derecho va cambiando según las necesidades que deba afrontar la sociedad, y con ello, van surgiendo nuevos tipos penales, otros van actualizándose, e incluso se crean nuevas formas de combatir el delito a través de procesos especiales. Siendo esto así, debemos ir a la par de estas actualizaciones, analizando y cuestionando lo nuevo que nos trae el Derecho. Es por eso que, el objetivo de este trabajo es, sobretodo, despejar las dudas más recurrentes que existen sobre un proceso creado para combatir “bienes” que contribuyen a la corrupción, que el Derecho Penal y Procesal Penal recién están conociendo, y que cobra protagonismo en la Casación N° 1408-2017-PUNO: el proceso de extinción de dominio aplicado a procesos de naturaleza compleja como de lavado de activos cuyo delito previo -en el caso- reside en la minería ilegal. Después de todo, sin el conocimiento pleno de sus alcances y propósitos, existirá la posibilidad de que se emitan sentencias que contravengan derechos fundamentales o que supongan una situación de impunidad. Es por este motivo que se realizará un análisis con respecto al proceso de extinción de dominio, para entender cuál es su objeto de aplicación (sobre todo en los casos de minería ilegal y lavado de activos), sus limitaciones, y cómo es su tratamiento respecto de los terceros de buena fe, para después compararlo con los modelos instaurados en Colombia y México, determinando cuáles son sus aciertos y desaciertos, y, en ese sentido, presentar recomendaciones para un proceso que considero no se le ha otorgado la importancia debida en la lucha contra la corrupción. / We know that Law is changing according to the needs that society must face, and with this, new criminal types are emerging, others are being updated, and new ways of combating crime are even created through special processes. Clarity, we must go hand in hand with these updates, analyzing and questioning what is new that Law brings us. This is why the objective of this work is, above all, to clear up the most recurrent doubts that exist about a process created to combat “assets” that contribute to corruption, that Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure are just learning about, and that charges prominence in Cassation 1408-2017-PUNO: the domain extinction action applied to processes of complex nature such as money laundering whose previous crime -in the case- lies in illegal mining. After all, without full knowledge of its scope and purposes, there will be possibility that sentences will be issued that violate fundamental rights or imply a situation of impunity. It is for this reason that an analysis will be carried out with respect to the domain extinction action, to understand what is its object of application (especially in cases of illegal mining and money laundering), its limitations, and how is its treatment regarding of third parties in good faith, to later compare it with the models established in Colombia and Mexico, determining what their successes and failures are, and, in that sense, present recommendations for a process that, I believe, has not been given due importance in the fight against corruption.

Spinodal decomposition is a phase separation mechanism within the miscibility gap. Its importance in case of Fe-Cr system, the basis of the whole stainless steel family, stems from a phenomenon known as the “475oC embrittlement” which results in a ruin of mechanical properties of ferritic, martensitic and duplex stainless steels. This work is aimed at a better understanding of the phase separation process in   the Fe-Cr system. Alloys of 10 to 55 wt.% Cr , each five percent, were homogenized to achieve fully ferritic microstructure and then isothermally aged at 400, 500 and 600oC for different periods of time ranging from 30min to 1500 hours. Hardness of both homogenized and aged samples were measured by the Vickers micro-hardness method and then selected samples were studied by means of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).  It was observed that hardness of homogenized samples increased monotonically with increasing Cr content up to 55 wt.% which can be attributed to solution hardening as well as higher hardness of pure chromium compared to pure iron.  At 400oC no significant change in hardness was detected for aging up to 1500h, therefore we believe that phase separation effects at 400oC are very small up to this time. Sluggish kinetics is imputed to lower diffusion rate at lower temperatures. At 500oC even after 10h a noticeable change in hardness, for alloys containing 25 wt.% Cr and higher, was observed which indicates occurrence of phase separation. The alloy with 10 wt.% Cr did not show change in hardness up to 200h which suggests that this composition falls outside the miscibility gap at 500oC. For compositions of 15 and 20 wt.% Cr only a small increase in hardness was detected even after 200h of aging at 500oC, which could be due to the small amounts of α´ formed. However, it means that alloys of 15 wt.% Cr and higher are suffering phase separation. For compositions inside the miscibility gap, hardening effect is a result of phase separation either by nucleation and growth or spinodal decomposition. To distinguish between these two mechanisms, TEM studies were performed and we found evidence that at 500oC the Fe-25 wt.% Cr sample decomposes by nucleation  and growth  while that of 35 wt.% Cr  shows characteristics of the spinodal mechanism. For compositions inside the miscibility gap, with increasing Cr content up to 40% the change in hardness generally increased and for 45% and higher it always decreased. This suggests that the composition range corresponding to the spinodal region at 500oC is biased towards the Fe-rich side of the phase diagram. At 600oC only samples of 25, 30 and 35 wt.% Cr were studied because according to the previous studies, the spinodal boundary is most probably located in this composition range. However, no change in hardness was observed even up to 24h. We believe that this means the miscibility line lies below 600oC for alloys containing 35 wt.% Cr and lower. Further investigations are needed to confirm and explain this result.

The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser or VCSEL is a special type of diode laser, which has established itself in optoelectronic applications asa low-cost, high-quality miniaturized light source. The development of VCSELs can be largely promoted with support from computer simulations. In this study, we have used such simulations, on one hand to understand and improve the VCSEL performance, and on the other hand to prepare for analyzing new device concepts such as transistor-VCSELs. This thesis starts with a background introduction to the principle idea of VCSELs and then states the significance of this simulation work.Then it briefly introduces the previously used simulation workbench Sentaurus and explains the mathematical approach and the computation methods of the finally chosen simulator PICS3D. The case study of a fabricated and characterized epitaxially regrown VCSEL is the major component of this work. First the device configuration is demonstrated with detailed discussion on several design features. Second the physical models of electrical, optical and thermal phenomena along with their key parameters are presented and so are the advanced models for the active region. The main results of simulation, including steady-state characteristics and small-signal modulation, show good agreement with the experimental results and reveal some imperfections of the device design and processing, such as the overestimated stability of the regrown junction and the variation of cavity length caused by over-etch. This work is also treated as an evaluation of the simulator PICS3D, and two problems are identified: one is the troublesome way to construct a 3D device by coupling several 2D layer structures together, requiring the mesh for each layer structure to be compatible; the other would be the tricky boundary setting for the adopted method, Effective Index Method (EIM), for the transverse field calculation when only a weak index guiding effect exits in the cavity. Finally, we summarize this work and suggest some tasks for further simulations.

El presente informe es del expediente No 1397-2015/CC2 en materia Protección al Consumidor sobre una denuncia por supuestas infracciones al Código de Protección al Consumidor, en el cual se discutirá la idoneidad de un producto(vehículo). El caso inicia cuando la señora Montecinos Lopez de Rebata denuncia a AUTOFONDO SAC, por que este le vendió un vehículo con fallas de fábrica y no cumplió con informarle vulnerando el principio de buena fe y Pro-consumidor. No obstante, el demandado alega que es de responsabilidad de la demandante porque el vehículo se entregó en perfecto estado, en virtud de ello presenta diversos medios probatorios (Actas de entrega, Informe técnico, Manual de propietario y Plan de Mantenimiento, entre otros). Finalmente, la Sala Especializada en Protección al Consumidor resuelve que AUTOFONDO SAC no logró demostrar que las fallas del vehículo fueran responsabilidad de la señora Montecinos y no existe una fractura causal, por tanto, REVOCA la resolución que declara infundada la denuncia. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Arbeitsablauf entwickelt, um ein möglichst realistisches, biomechanisches Modell eines menschlichen Schädelknochens anhand eines Patienten-CT Datensatzes zu erstellen. Mit diesem Modell konnten Experimente aus der Literatur realistisch nachgestellt und anschließend der Mechanismus einer Orbitawandfraktur genauer untersucht werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das entwickelte Schädelmodell als Alternative für experimentelle biomechanische Untersuchungen verwendet werden kann. Somit sind eine Vielzahl parametrischer biomechanischer Studien möglich, ohne dabei auf Humanpräparate angewiesen zu sein.

Mobile Miner 40V is a machine used for rock excavation and developed by Epiroc. This machine is equipped with a large cutter wheel to perform the excavation. After a test run, some surfaces associated with bearings within the cutter wheel were found to be damaged due to scuffing - severe sliding wear. There is a static load applied to the surfaces due to gravity. However, the reason for this damaged issue was believed that there is a large dynamic load applied to the surfaces during the excavation. This dynamic load was not found in a previous FE model used to verify safety issues. Therefore, a new FE model that is more in line with reality, and a failure analysis were required. Additionally, a feasibility study for a cutter wheel with a larger dimension was also needed since a larger cutter wheel is desirable. Firstly, wear mechanisms were reviewed, and some theories were chosen to analyze the damaged issue. Since it was unknown whether the surfaces were well-lubricated or not, both cases were investigated. The Archard wear equation was used to analyze the poor-lubricated situation, while the lubrication number and the Reynolds equation were used to analyze the well-lubricated case. Secondly, contact mechanisms between the surfaces were also investigated. The investigation of the contact mechanisms involved several theories, such as the Hertzian contact theory and the impact load factor. Besides these theoretical analyses, a numerical analysis was performed. Lastly, a new FE model was established in Ansys. Both the cutter wheel which was subjected to scuffing(existing cutter wheel), and the cutter wheel with a larger dimension(larger cutter wheel) were analyzed by the use of the new FE model. The maximum and minimum wear rates obtained by the Archard wear equation are approximately 1.9・10-2mm3/m and 4.8・10-3mm3/m, which are considered as a completely unacceptable level in engineering applications. The maximum and minimum critical loads obtained by the Reynold equation are approximately 1.8kN and 24.8kN, which both are larger than the static load applied to the surfaces. The maximum and minimum critical mean contact pressures obtained by the lubrication number are approximately 65MPa and 240MPa, which both are larger than the mean contact pressure generated by the static load. No evidence shows that there is a large dynamic load applied to the surfaces during the excavation. The largest possible contact pressure on the bearings in the existing cutter wheel is very close to the limit of severely damaged. The largest possible contact pressure on the bearings in the larger cutter wheel is believed to exceed the limit of severely damaged. The previous assumption that the surfaces were damaged due to a large dynamic load was wrong. The obtained results support that the surfaces were only subjected to a static load and were damaged due to inadequate lubrication. The existing cutter wheel is operated safely with the current load cases. However, the forward thrust force is suggested to decrease when the cutting angle is large. There is a high risk if the larger cutter wheel is operated with the current load cases.

La Tesis Doctoral se fundamenta en el análisis iconográfico de la represenación figurativa del Colegio Apostólico-Coetus Apostolorum con una variante muy singular, las series del Apostolado del Credo. Consistente en la represenación de los doce discípulos de Cristo, con una característica específica: la manifestación en su plasmación pictórica de uno de los artículos del Credo o Símbolo de fe- Symbolum Apostolorum, en cada una de las figuras representadas, proporcionándoles un signo añadido de reconocimiento iconográfico, tanto individual como de conjunto. El eje principal de la investigación consiste en realacionar y determinar los paralelismos entre las fuentes escritas, relativas al texto específico del Credo y su representación pictórica en la plasmación de los artículos de fe, al ser asignados de forma sitemática a cada apóstol. El corpus empírico de la investigación ha consistido en localizar, recopilar, así como catalogar de forma razonada y analizar comparativamente una serie de representaciones artísticas determinadas por el contexto sociocultural y religioso de los siglos XVII y XVIII, en los límites de la geografía valenciana. La consecución de los resultados prácticos se ha manifestado a través de la realización de un catálogo razonado de las obras objeto de esta investigación, mediante la realización de unas fichas técnicas de cada obra, especificando su estudio icónico, formal, doctrinal, teológico y estilístico. / Bernal Navarro, JC. (2010). Análisis iconográfico del Colegio Apostólico. Representación del Apostolado del Credo en la Valencia Foral durante la época postrentina [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8427 / Palancia

El presente informe tiene como finalidad exponer los aspectos más relevantes del expediente 06465-2009-0-1801-JR-CI-07, el mismo que se generó por una demanda de nulidad de acto jurídico. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20950号 / 理博第4402号 / 新制||理||1632(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)教授 島川 祐一, 教授 小野 輝男, 教授 吉村 一良 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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