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DANIŠŠOVÁ, Alexandra. Carmen Martín Gaite, a modern woman. [Diploma thesis]. - Charles University. Faculty of Arts; Department of Romance studies. Hispanic studies. - Supervisor: doc. Juan Antonio Sánchez Fernández, Ph.D. Prague: FF UK, 2020. pp. 67. The aim of this diploma thesis is to point out the constant elements or themes that Carmen Martín Gaite deals with in her narrative work. The starting point of our work are two novels selected by us from various creative periods of the author, Entre visillos (1957) and Irse de casa (1998). In the analysis of the given works, we will pay attention to how the given elements stay permanent in the author's work across time, as she herself exceeded her time. Constant in her works are the characters protruding from the crowd, among whom are mainly women who do not accept their place reserved in the society by regime. The mentioned elements include a window as a stimulus to imagination and escape from everyday frustrations, a city as a space of freedom, a back room as a woman's personal space, a mother-daughter relationship or an absent interlocutor as a stimulus to self-analysis and the search for one's own identity. Keywords: Carmen Martín Gaite, female creation, back room, window, freedom, emancipation, independence, modernity, identity, imagination,...

九○年代大陸女性作家的家族書寫在八○年代末的新寫實小說思潮、新歷史小說思潮以及西方女性主義文學思潮的相互激盪之下，延續新時期文學對「革命現實主義」的反叛姿態，在「追求自我」、「認識自我」的性別覺醒意識中重新審視女性的歷史，從而在「父子相繼」的傳統家族譜系之外，想像並打造「母女相連」的女性主體譜系，揭露「政治權力結構」和「性別權力結構」所暗含的偏斜與不公。對「政治權力結構」的批判是指文化大革命的「國家集體話語」對「個人自由」的限制與傷害，這部分藉由作者的敘事聲音、小說人物際遇以及承載特殊歷史意涵的意象來表現，對「性別權力結構」的反省主要在突顯父權秩序對女性的強制收編，因此塑造有別於血緣母親的代理母親、刻畫女性身體的各種造型，以及利用象徵性符號進而凝聚、團結女性們的精神力量。 本文所界定的女性家族書寫是指女性作家站在女性立場所書寫以女性為核心的家族故事，不僅積極嘗試改變、顛覆女性在父權歷史建構中的地位，並且能夠將「女性意識」、「家族敘事」和「歷史建構」融為一體，呈現女性歷史的發展過程和女性文化的演進形態，依此定義，本文選擇《玫瑰門》、《櫟樹的囚徒》和《羽蛇》作為研究分析對象，並且建立分析架構，分析架構包括「敘事面向的敘事時間、空間、視角、聲音分析」、「身體面向的女性人物主體性分析」、「文學面向的特殊意象分析」以及「史觀面向的陰性書寫策略分析」。《玫瑰門》展示的「演出型敘事模式」，用演員的登臺亮相、家具意象所潛藏的歷史象徵意義，以及「氣味」、「圖象」的感官陰性史觀，隱喻歷史的表演性質；《櫟樹的囚徒》呈現的「接力式敘事模式」，將歷史的詮釋權分配給不同世代的女性，隱喻歷史的傳承過程充滿著多元言說主體以及敘述的裂痕，因此「樹木」、「河流」、「眼睛」意象的源遠流長特質以及女性生死循環的陰性史觀，成為組織家族歷史最強而有力的書寫方式；《羽蛇》營造的「夢遊體敘事模式」，透過「羽蛇」這個實體人物和象徵符號在現實、夢境、幻境和家族歷史的自由轉換過程，「巨蚌」、「水晶燈」、「無字碑」等意象中無所不在的女性身體，以及「鮮血」和「白雪」相互抗衡的陰性史觀，投射出穿越時空的女性集體精神壓迫。 本文的研究侷限是對小說文本中的「男性人物」缺乏深刻關注，以及對小說文本的選取集中在五○年代出生作家群。研究展望是希望未來能進行「比較性研究」，交叉比較家族書寫作者和敘述內容所呈現的不同性別立場，展現更為多元的女性主體性，多向度比較家族書寫作者的社會身份以及文本中構成女性身份的各種因素，為社會學層面和心理學層面的女性研究提出貢獻，並且比較大陸和臺灣的女性作家家族書寫在不同的政治、社會環境下，開展出何種相異與相似的書寫面貌，讓女性作家的家族書寫版圖更加遼闊。

Esta pesquisa procura desenvolver uma leitura da produção literária de duas mulheres a russo-ucraniana naturalizada brasileira Clarice Lispector e a colombiana Marvel Moreno. Da primeira, foram selecionados contos publicados no volume Laços de família (1960). Da segunda, contos publicados no volume Oriane, tía Oriane (1980). Vale-se, para tanto, de metodologias do comparativismo e de teorias sobre a literatura feminina. E procura problematizar questões referentes a esse universo em que mulheres escrevem sobre o ser feminino, aí considerado num sistema que inclui experiências existenciais, relações sociais e que considera também o campo mais amplo da própria condição humana. Entre os vários aspectos estudados, considerou-se o modo como as autoras comparadas estruturam as personagens femininas, nos seus diversos estágios de desenvolvimento: enquanto crianças e adolescentes em formação, na sua primeira juventude como mulher, na vida de casada e no seu papel de mãe. A análise comparativista dos contos está fundamentada em alguns elementos considerados pela crítica feminista como determinantes do conjunto de obras produzidas por mulheres, ressaltando-se, dentre eles, o uso frequente do discurso indireto livre e da narração em primeira pessoa, recursos que, mediante a mobilização da lembrança do passado, da auto-análise e da auto-descoberta, colaboram para uma problematização da identidade feminina e do significado da existência. / This research aims to develop a reading of the literary work of two women russianucranian naturalized brazilian Clarice Lispector and Colombian Marvel Moreno. Significant stories of both authors were selected for this study; from the first, were chosen some stories published on volume entitled Laços de família (1960), and from the Colombian writer, some stories on volume Oriane, tía Oriane (1980). To do this, methodologies as comparatism and female literature theories are the principal theoretical elements. It also tries to problematize questions related to that universe within women write about female being, thought as a part of a system including being experiences, social relationships, and with regards to the wider field of human condition itself. Among the diverse aspects, the way both authors organize female characters on their different levels of growing was considered: from childhood, teenage years, the first youth as a woman and the life as a wife, until they assume their mother roles. Comparative analysis of the stories is supported by some elements that feminist critic consider as deciding factors to be inserted into the group of writings produced by women, and between them those whose relevancy rests on the frequent use of free indirect speech and first-person narrator; this sources, mediated by past memories, selfexamination and the self-discovery strengthen the complexity of female identity and the meaning of existence.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Meyre Ivone Santana da Silva.pdf: 775031 bytes, checksum: 04d5c85cec4cddd73f9b9a531d3fdf26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper intends to analyse the African female literary expression as a significant contribution to an alteration in the literary scenario of the Anglophone African countries. African female writers works contribute to the process of history rewriting and the reconstruction of female images in the African societies. Ama ata Aidoo is one these women writers that contribute to the development of an african feminist theory. African feminists fight against neocolonial powers and tradional structures that constitute some mountains to women lives / Este trabalho pretende analisar a expressão literária feminina africana como contribuição significativa para uma alteração no panorama da literatura dos países africanos de expressão inglesa. As obras destas escritoras contribuem para o processo de reescritura da história e reconstrução da imagem das mulheres nas sociedades africanas. Ama Ata Aidoo é uma destas mulheres que contribuem para a formulação de uma teoria feminista africana. As femininstas africanas lutam contra os poderes neocoloniais e as estruturas tradicionais que funcionam como montanhas na vida das mulheres

La presente tesis aborda el tema de la identidad femenina y las relaciones de poder que la determinan en los relatos de Luisa Valenzuela. Se analizan dos grupos de relatos de la autora que subvierten los modelos dominantes y opresivos de la feminidad. El primer grupo abarca las reescrituras de los cuentos de hadas, mientras el segundo trata la construcción de la feminidad en el ambiente de la última dictadura militar argentina. Los dos grupos de relatos presentan una suerte de crítica respecto a la formación discursiva de la mujer como sujeto. La tesis presenta en los capítulos introductorios varios problemas teóricos que se reflejan en la obra ensayística y narrativa de Valenzuela. Se analizan las relaciones entre el posmodernismo, el posestructuralismo y el feminismo, especialmente en lo que concierne al problema del sujeto femenino. También se presentan las teorías de Luce Irigaray y Hélène Cixous sobre la escritura femenina que guardan muchas similitudes con las de Valenzuela. Estas autoras realizan ante todo el análisis deconstructivo del discurso psicoanalítico sobre la sexualidad femenina y la señalan como el lugar de la represión discursiva falocéntrica, pero también como el instrumento de la conquista de la libertad. Las dos teorizan sobre un lenguaje femenino, a veces fundándose en ciertas ideas esencialistas sobre la identidad femenina. El concepto clave en la poética de Valenzuela es el de “escribir con el cuerpo”. Valenzuela se reafirma en la existencia de una escritura específicamente femenina, que tiene su origen en una sexualidad y experiencia históricas únicas de la mujer. Escribir con el cuerpo significa oponerse a la unión del logos con la cultura falocéntrica, hablar desde una posición de marginalización de las mujeres en la cultura y la sociedad patriarcales. Los cuentos de hadas de Perrault y de los hermanos Grimm representan un tipo de discurso marcadamente falocéntrico y las reescrituras de la autora sirven para deconstruir la arbitrariedad sociocultural que está en base de los textos que pretenden presentarse como transcendentales y cercanos a la mitología, el folklore y los contenidos universales de la psique humana. Se trata de la crítica de los modos más sutiles de la normativización del sujeto femenino a través de las ideas de la belleza, la virtud, la humildad y la pasividad de las heroínas, en contraste con las brujas y las madrastras. Las rescrituras de Valenzuela devuelven la voz narrativa a las heroínas y subvierten las dicotomías entre las construcciones normativas y estigmatizadas de la feminidad. Los relatos que tratan la vida de las mujeres bajo la dictadura militar argentina comparten algunas características importantes con las reescrituras de los cuentos de hadas, pero también presentan diferencias importantes que exigen otro tipo de análisis y una contextualización sociohistórica adicional. El libro de Diane Taylor, Disappearing Acts: Spectacles of Gender and Nationalism in Argentina’s “Dirty War”, analiza las estrategias discursivas y performativas de la propaganda oficial del régimen dictatorial a partir de las ideas posestructuralistas y proporciona instrumentos críticos muy importantes para acercarse a este grupo de relatos. Taylor demuestra de qué manera los discursos y las prácticas autoritarias militares participaron en la construcción simbólica de la feminidad. El “relato maestro” de la dictadura argentina exhibe características más siniestras que los cuentos de hadas, puesto que presenta a las mujeres no sumisas como un Otro deshumanizado, lo que justifica los castigos más brutales. Los dos grupos de relatos analizados en la tesis expanden la idea de la identidad femenina más allá de su construcción dominante. La liberación femenina se persigue principalmente a través de la reapropiación del lenguaje; las heroínas toman la voz narrativa para oponerse a las narraciones canónicas que crean y oprimen a los sujetos femeninos. Valenzuela no propone ningún modelo hegemónico de la feminidad, más bien quiere ampliar el horizonte de las posibilidades para la mujer a través de la subversión de los discursos y las estructuras sociales dominantes. / This thesis attempts to analyze from a feminist perspective the concept of female identity and the depiction of power relations in selected stories of the Argentinian writer Luisa Valenzuela. The study aims to show in which ways the author subverts oppressive models of femininity created in canonical fairy tales which she is rewriting, as well as the manner in which some of her stories denounce the construction of femininity during the last Argentinian dictatorship. In her essays, Luisa Valenzuela has developed a theory about the specificity of women’s writing and the role of a woman in subversion of existing social, cultural and political orders. I tried to establish a theoretical framework about female identity with regard to poststructuralist theories of the subject and their relations to feminism. I also presented the ideas of French feminists, Luce Irigaray and Helene Cixous, about women’s writing and female desire which bear a strong resemblance to the ideas developed by Valenzuela. Moving between poststructuralism and essentialism, Valenzuela’s poetics and politics propose the idea of a woman as a privileged subject of social change, deriving the strength from her historical oppression. She is thus able to reinvent her identity in a freer manner than a man, and even able to access the obscure knowledge, suppressed by the dominant, falogocentric culture. In her rewritings of fairy tales, Valenzuela tries to subvert the traditional discourse about femininity. The tales of Perrault and Grimm created the normative model of femininity, in accordance with the social conception of appropriate women’s behavior of their time. As such, this literary tradition is reflecting and further establishing the patriarchal oppression of women. The traditional heroines of fairy tales have no voice of their own, are submissive, passive and obedient, their primary ambition being to get married. The narrative voice is omniscient, and the very specific, falocentric view is presented as a universal, objective truth. Valenzuela’s rewritings give voice back to women, subvert the dichotomies between normative and stigmatized constructions of femininity, and give agency and autonomy to the heroines who take charge of their destinies. Valenzuela also subverts dominant discourses of femininity in her stories about the ultimate Argentinian dictatorship. The grand narrative of the dictatorial regime constructs femininity as fragile and submissive. These stories describe physical abuse in conjunction with symbolic acts of gendered oppression and as such exhibit more obvious modes of control of women and their bodies and identities, but also denounce the more subtle, discursive and performative ways by which the regime enforces femininity to their political enemies as a means of degrading them. The question of female sexuality and of writing with the body obtains special meaning in this sociohistorical context. The bodies that write are to be interpreted as tortured, abused and stigmatized bodies and are conceptualized as parts of discursive and performative reality rather than natural bodies who try to subvert the system by their connection with mythical or ahistorical essence. The two groups of stories analyzed in the thesis subvert the dominant, falogocentric discourses of femininity and expand the idea of a female identity beyond its canonical production. The main proposition of Valenzuela’s stories is reappropriation of female language, primarily by giving the narrative voice to the heroines who challenge the traditional and dominant narratives by which the female subjects are constructed and subjugated. She does not aim to create any hegemonic model of femininity but rather to question the existing social structures and discourses which stand on a woman’s way to liberation.

Esta pesquisa procura desenvolver uma leitura da produção literária de duas mulheres a russo-ucraniana naturalizada brasileira Clarice Lispector e a colombiana Marvel Moreno. Da primeira, foram selecionados contos publicados no volume Laços de família (1960). Da segunda, contos publicados no volume Oriane, tía Oriane (1980). Vale-se, para tanto, de metodologias do comparativismo e de teorias sobre a literatura feminina. E procura problematizar questões referentes a esse universo em que mulheres escrevem sobre o ser feminino, aí considerado num sistema que inclui experiências existenciais, relações sociais e que considera também o campo mais amplo da própria condição humana. Entre os vários aspectos estudados, considerou-se o modo como as autoras comparadas estruturam as personagens femininas, nos seus diversos estágios de desenvolvimento: enquanto crianças e adolescentes em formação, na sua primeira juventude como mulher, na vida de casada e no seu papel de mãe. A análise comparativista dos contos está fundamentada em alguns elementos considerados pela crítica feminista como determinantes do conjunto de obras produzidas por mulheres, ressaltando-se, dentre eles, o uso frequente do discurso indireto livre e da narração em primeira pessoa, recursos que, mediante a mobilização da lembrança do passado, da auto-análise e da auto-descoberta, colaboram para uma problematização da identidade feminina e do significado da existência. / This research aims to develop a reading of the literary work of two women russianucranian naturalized brazilian Clarice Lispector and Colombian Marvel Moreno. Significant stories of both authors were selected for this study; from the first, were chosen some stories published on volume entitled Laços de família (1960), and from the Colombian writer, some stories on volume Oriane, tía Oriane (1980). To do this, methodologies as comparatism and female literature theories are the principal theoretical elements. It also tries to problematize questions related to that universe within women write about female being, thought as a part of a system including being experiences, social relationships, and with regards to the wider field of human condition itself. Among the diverse aspects, the way both authors organize female characters on their different levels of growing was considered: from childhood, teenage years, the first youth as a woman and the life as a wife, until they assume their mother roles. Comparative analysis of the stories is supported by some elements that feminist critic consider as deciding factors to be inserted into the group of writings produced by women, and between them those whose relevancy rests on the frequent use of free indirect speech and first-person narrator; this sources, mediated by past memories, selfexamination and the self-discovery strengthen the complexity of female identity and the meaning of existence.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-02-01T12:08:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 elenrodriguesgonçalves.pdf: 1027723 bytes, checksum: fa97a7995c4cce9e88404d6b0b2bcec2 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Arquivo salvo com acento on 2018-03-21T15:52:15Z (GMT) / Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-03-21T17:34:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 elenrodriguesgoncalves.pdf: 1027723 bytes, checksum: fa97a7995c4cce9e88404d6b0b2bcec2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-03-21T19:16:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 elenrodriguesgoncalves.pdf: 1027723 bytes, checksum: fa97a7995c4cce9e88404d6b0b2bcec2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-21T19:16:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 elenrodriguesgoncalves.pdf: 1027723 bytes, checksum: fa97a7995c4cce9e88404d6b0b2bcec2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / A presente dissertação propõe um estudo da obra poética de Conceição Lima, escritora natural de São Tomé e Príncipe, à luz das leituras de cinco principais autores que nortearão todo eixo analítico da obra. Pretende-se lançar um olhar contestador dos discursos hegemônicos que atuam sobre realidade cotidiana de países subdesenvolvidos, a fim de analisar se, na obra de Conceição Lima, o sujeito subalterno tem voz, especialmente, o sujeito negro feminino. A partir de Gayatri Spivak (2014), compreende-se o espírito de nacionalidade em meio às dores da lembrança das lutas anticoloniais sob a reflexão de um mundo ocidental em crise. Propõe-se uma observação dos lugares de convergências de multiplicidades culturais que contribuem para renegociar experiências, a fim de explorar como as escritas de mulheres negras renegociam as questões relacionadas às identidades, especialmente, quando se tratam, para Carole Boyce Davies (1994), de escritas diaspóricas. A partir de Stuart Hall (2003), serão perscrutadas as ideias de nação e nacionalidade acerca de uma reflexão sobre identidades multiculturais, transnacionais e diaspóricas, resultantes de uma construção social, política e histórica, capaz de refletir, na produção artística, a busca pela liberdade, cidadania e autonomia culturais. Será analisada a forma como a poeta se auto define em meio às multiplicidades culturais em movimentos de diáspora, que lhe permite realizar um olhar crítico sobre sua terra natal, ao mesmo tempo em que lhe possibilita criar simbolicamente novas comunidades, visto que a ideia de identidade diaspórica, para Wendy Walters (2005), é mais do que uma performance literária. Ela é, sobretudo, um ato político. Na sociedade multicultural, o sujeito torna-se híbrido, e os discursos dominantes e pretensamente homogeneizantes passam a ser contestados. Por isso, é insustentável hoje pensar em uma identidade nacional que seja pura e de raiz única, visto que o mundo se criouliza e se criam microclimas culturais e linguísticos inesperados. Lugares nos quais a repercussão da sobreposição das culturas é abrupta e imprevisível, predominando na totalidade-mundo, para Édouard Glissant (2005), a realidade crioula, sempre ao encontro de outras raízes e capaz de revelar a Utopia necessária – o povo que falta – a fim de esfacelar as concretudes e fazer emergir o micro, o uno, o múltiplo e o inextricável. / The current master’s thesis aims to study the poetic work of Conceição Lima,a writer from São Tomé and Príncipe, under the readings’ perspective of five main authors that will guide the entire analytical axis of the work. It is intended to launch a questioning regard on the hegemonic discourses acting on the daily reality of underdeveloped countries, so as to investigate whether the subaltern subject has a voice in the work of Conceição Lima, hencing the female black subject. Starting with Gayatri Spivak (2014), the spirit of nationality is understood through the anguish comprised in memories of anti-colonial struggles.along with an observation of a Western world in crisis. It is proposed to look closely into the merging lieus of cultural multiplicities that contribute to renegotiating experiences, on the purpose of explore how black women's writings redesign issues concerning identities, especially when these are, according to Carole Boyce Davies (1994), diasporic writings. From Stuart Hall (2003), the concepts of nation and nationality will be scrutinized under a reflection on multicultural, transnational and diasporic identities, which derive from a social, political and historical construction, capable of expressing, through artistic production, a search for freedom , cultural citizenship and autonomy. An analysis will be performed over the way a poet self-defines in the midst of cultural multiplicities in diaspora movements, which enables the poet to turn a skeptical look on his homeland, at the same time as it raises the possibility of symbolically creating new communities, once the idea of diasporic identity, for Wendy Walters (2005), is more than a literary performance. It is, mainly, a political act. In the multicultural society, the subject becomes a hybrid, and the dominant and supposedly homogenizing discourses start being disputed. Therefore, this why it is unsustainable, nowadays, to think of a national identity as pure and unique in nature, as the world is creolized and unexpected cultural and linguistic microclimates are created. Places where repercussion of the overlapping cultures is abrupt and unpredictable, predominating in the totality-world, for Édouard Glissant (2005), the creole reality, constantly resembles with other origins and is capable of disclosing the essential Utopia - the missing people – in order to wreck certainties and to make the micro, the unique, the multiple and the inextricable emerge.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-05-17T18:56:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelabatistamartinhao.pdf: 1205483 bytes, checksum: 4338b1816f91f644aebfc250ed9d4f75 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T11:36:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelabatistamartinhao.pdf: 1205483 bytes, checksum: 4338b1816f91f644aebfc250ed9d4f75 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T11:36:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelabatistamartinhao.pdf: 1205483 bytes, checksum: 4338b1816f91f644aebfc250ed9d4f75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-21 / Esta dissertação versa sobre a obra poética da poeta colombiana Marta Quiñónez, que atualmente vive em Medelin, publicada até o momento, que consiste nos seguintes volumes: Noctívago (1998), Acantilado (1999), Abecedário de Eximición (2000), Eva (2001), Kartalá (2002), La Trinidad (2005), Arcanos (2007), No. Libro de haripalas (2010), Dame tu canto ciudad (2012), Conversaciones en Comala (2012), Paréntesis (2013), El rostro del pan (2014) e Continente Mohíno (2016), publicado originalmente em 1996. O trabalho se concentra em quatro eixos principais, a saber: diáspora, migração, território e o lar, em diálogo com os temas do amor, da afetividade, da territorialização/desterritorialização nos centros urbanos, e da casa, perpassando as discussões de gênero e raciais na divisão dos espaços geográficos e sociais. Discutimos como este corpo e subjetividade feminina negra homossexual se reconfigura para a construção subjetiva de seu lar, considerando-se a experiência da desterritorialização e da migração, e o poema como a força reterritorializadora que alça as noções de pertencimento e conexão à sua própria criação poética como principal catalizadora de suas vivências. Percorremos toda sua obra em certa cronologia temática, iniciada com Continente Mohíno (1996) até El rostro del pan (2014), cujo principal objetivo é compreender a relação estabelecida entre sua escrita poética e o imaginário da diáspora contemporânea e fluxos migratórios, no que diz respeito aos territórios e a construção subjetiva do lar. A versatilidade e criatividade de sua poesia é flagrante por seu próprio curso de vida de movimento e desarraigo, que confluem para uma literatura capaz de abrigar suas vivências para além dos reducionismos históricos e sociais do lugar da mulher negra homossexual na literatura e na sociedade. / This dissertation approaches the poetic work of Colombian poet Marta Quiñónez, who currently lives in Medelin, which has been published to date, consisting of the following volumes: Noctívago (1998), Acantilado (1999), Abecedário de Eximición (2000), Eva (2001), Kartalá (2002), La Trinidad (2005), Arcanos (2007), No. Libro de haripalas (2010), Dame tu canto ciudad (2012), Conversaciones en Comala (2012), Paréntesis (2013), El rostro del pan (2014) and Continente Mohíno (2016), originally published in 1996. The work focuses on four main axes: diaspora, migration, territory and home, in dialogue with the themes of love, affectivity, territorialization/deterritorialization in urban centers, and the house, bypassing gender and racial discussions in the division of geographic and social spaces. We discuss how this homosexual black female body and subjectivity reconfigures itself for the subjective construction of its home, considering the experience of deterritorialization and migration, taking the poem as the reterritorializing force that elevates the notions of belonging and connection to its own poetic creation as main catalyst of her experiences. We go through all her work in a certain thematic chronology, beginning with Continente Mohíno (1996) until El rostro del pan (2014), whose main objective is to understand the relation established between her poetic writing and the contemporary diaspora imaginary and migratory flows, concerning territories and the subjective construction of home. The versatility and creativity of her poetry is blatant for her own life course of movement and uprooting, which converge to a literature capable of sheltering her experiences beyond the historical and social reductions of the homosexual black woman's place in literature and society.

La littérature entretient un rapport à la mode, non seulement dans ses formes qui sont en dialogue avec l’époque, mais aussi dans ses sujets où la mode devient partie prenante du récit. L’avènement du prêt-à-porter en tant qu’« événement majeur » de l’après-guerre (Grau, 2007) remet en conflit les termes d’élégance et d’émancipation. La représentation de la femme du XXe siècle change ainsi au gré des tendances. Alors que le vêtement informe de moins en moins sur les repères sociaux culturels (il se neutralise et s’universalise), l’idéal féminin est fortement requestionné entre autres par les femmes de lettres françaises, témoins privilégiés de cette époque. Simone de Beauvoir et Violette Leduc rédigent deux ouvrages imprégnés de ce profond questionnement du soi féminin intellectuel et de la performance du genre. Mémoires d’une jeune fille rangée (Simone de Beauvoir, 1958) et La Bâtarde (Violette Leduc, 1964) en tant que romans d’apprentissage écrits par des femmes dans la France de l’après-guerre mettent de l’avant ce rapport à la mode comme construction du genre ; construction qui entre cependant en conflit avec la représentation de la femme intellectuelle de l’époque. La perception du genre chez Beauvoir et Leduc se manifeste alors et surtout à travers une tension relevée entre mode (exhibition de la féminité) et intellectualisme (exhibition de la neutralité) ; tension perceptible à travers les alternances du dit et du non-dit. Est-il possible de performer un genre féminin intellectuel ? Et de quelle manière cette performance se manifeste-t-elle ? Pour répondre à cette problématique, les études menées sur le Bildungsroman féminin (Labovitz, 1986 ; Šnircová, 2015) nous permettront d’observer le phénomène de l’apprentissage d’un idéal de la féminité. L’on relèvera par la suite à l’aide d’études entreprises sur la mode et son influence (Baudot, 1999 ; Craik, 1994 ; Evans, 1999) de même qu’à travers les concepts de performance et de performativité (Féral, 2013 ; Kollnitz et Pecorari, 2021), les diverses tentatives de réappropriation par les deux intellectuelles à l’étude de cet idéal féminin véhiculé. Enfin, il s’agira de révéler, au regard des études sur les identités sexuelles (Butler, 1999 ; Lipovetsky, 2006), la présence d’un rapport inédit et complexe entre la femme intellectuelle du XXe siècle et le genre. / Literature maintains a relationship with fashion not only through its forms, which are in conversation with the era, but also through its subjects as fashion becomes a necessary part of the narrative. The advent of ready-to-wear clothing as a “major event” of the post-war period (Grau, 2007) brings the terms “elegance” and “emancipation” into conflict. The representation of the 20th century woman thus changes according to trends. While the garment is losing its impact on cultural social landmarks⁠ by becoming neutral and universal⁠, French women of letters—the privileged witnesses of this era—are strongly questioning the conveyed feminine ideal. Two of them, Simone de Beauvoir and Violette Leduc, wrote important novels challenging the notions of the female intellectual self and gender performance: Mémoires d’une jeune fille rangée (Simone de Beauvoir, 1958) and La Bâtarde (Violette Leduc, 1964). These two Bildungsroman written in post-war France make the case for fashion as an active component in gender construction; a construction that, however, conflicts with the representation of the female intellectual at the time. Indeed, Beauvoir and Leduc’s perception of gender manifests through a tension between fashion (the exhibition of femininity) and intellectualism (the exhibition of neutrality); a tension noticeable through the alternations of the verbal and the non-verbal. Therefore, is it possible to perform a feminine intellectual gender? If so, how does this performance manifest? To answer these questions, we will first look into studies on the female Bildungsroman (Labovitz, 1986; Šnircová, 2015); this will help us understand how an ideal of femininity is not simply an inherent phenomenon but one that is learnt. Then, we will focus on fashion studies (Baudot, 1999; Craik, 1994; Evans, 1999) and the concepts of performance and performativity (Féral, 2013 ; Kollnitz et Pecorari, 2021); this will allow us to show the various attempts at reappropriation of the feminine ideal conveyed to the two intellectuals considered in this thesis. Finally, we will turn to gender studies (Butler, 1999; Lipovetsky, 2006) to reveal the presence of an unprecedented and complex relation between the intellectual woman of the 20th century and gender.