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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

Método da propagação de feixe de ângulo largo para análise de guias de ondas ópticos não-lineares / not available

Reinaldo de Sales Flamino 21 September 2001 (has links)
Este trabalho propõe uma extensão do método de propagação de feixe (BPM - Beam Propagation Method) para a análise de guias de ondas ópticos e acopladores baseados em materiais não-lineares do tipo Kerr. Este método se destina à investigação de estruturas onde a utilização da equação escalar de Helmholtz (EEH) em seu limite paraxial não mais se aplica. Os métodos desenvolvidos para este fim são denominados na literatura como métodos de propagação de feixe de ângulo largo. O formalismo aqui desenvolvido é baseado na técnica das diferenças finitas e nos esquemas de Crank-Nicholson (CN) e Douglas generalizado (GD). Estes esquemas apresentam como característica o fato de apresentarem um erro de truncamento em relação ao passo de discretização transversal, &#916x, proporcional a O(&#916x2) para o primeiro e O(&#916x4). A convergência do método em ambos esquemas é otimizada pela utilização de um algoritmo interativo para a correção do campo no meio não-linear. O formalismo de ângulo largo é obtido pela expansão da EEH para os esquemas CN e GD em termos de polinômios aproximantes de Padé de ordem (1,0) e (1,1) para CN e GD, e (2,2) e (3,3) para CN. Os aproximantes de ordem superior a (1,1) apresentam sérios problemas de estabilidade. Este problema é eliminado pela rotação dos aproximantes no plano complexo. Duas condições de contorno nos extremos da janela computacional são também investigadas: 1) (TBC - Transparent Boundary Condition) e 2) condição de contorno absorvente (TAB - Transparent Absorbing Boundary). Estas condições de contorno possuem a facilidade de evitar que reflexões indesejáveis sejam transmitidas para dentro da janela computacional. Um estudo comparativo da influência destas condições de contorno na solução de guias de ondas ópticos não-lineares é também abordada neste trabalho. / This work introduces an extension of the beam propagation method (BPM) for the analysis of optical waveguides and couplers based on Kerr-type nonlinear materials. This method is intended for the investigation of structures where the paraxial scalar Helmholtz equation (EEH) no longer holds. The numerical methods developed for this situation are known in the literature as wide-angle beam propagation methods. The formulation developed in this work is based on finite differences and on the Crank-Nicholson (CN) and Generalized Douglas (GD) schemes. These schemes are characterized by a truncation error with respect to the transverse discretization step, &#916x, proporcional to O(&#916x2) for the CN and to O(&#916x4) for the GD scheme. The convergence of the method for both schemes is optimized by the application of an iterative algorithm for the correction of the field in the nonlinear medium. The wide-angle formalism is obtained by the expansion of the EEH for the CN and GD schemes in terms of Padé approximant polynomials. The expansions addressed in this work utilize Padé approximants of order (1,0) and (1,1) for the CN and GD scheme, and (2,2) and (3,3) for the CN scheme. Approximants orders higher than (1,1) show serious stability problems. This problem is circumvented by rotating the approximants in the complex plane. Two boundary conditions on the edge of the computational window are also investigated: 1) transparent boundary condition (TBC) and 2) transparent absorbing boundary (TAB). These boundary conditions are necessary in order to avoid unwanted reflections back to computational domain. A comparative study of the influence of these boundary conditions on the solution of nonlinear optical waveguides is also addressed in this work.
182

Técnicas para estimativa de FRFS angulares em análise modal experimental com aplicações a estruturas do tipo viga / Techniques for the estimation of angular FRFs in modal testing with applications to beam type structures

Melina Lofrano 30 July 2003 (has links)
Este trabalho realiza uma investigação sobre técnicas experimentais para a determinação de Funções de Resposta em Freqüência (FRFs) angulares com aplicações em estruturas do tipo viga. Estas FRFs são definidas considerando-se como variável de saída o movimento angular (deslocamento, velocidade ou aceleração) exibido pela estrutura sob estudo quando a mesma é excitada por uma força linear ou um momento puro. Dada a grande dificuldade em se aplicar um momento puro à estrutura sob estudo, este trabalho utiliza como forma de excitação apenas esforços lineares que podem ser aplicados através de técnicas usuais de excitação em análise modal, tais como o excitador eletrodinâmico e o martelo impulsivo. Portanto as FRFs obtidas descrevem relações de saída e entrada do tipo Angular/Linear. Uma das técnicas utilizadas na determinação das FRFs angulares consiste na excitação de uma estrutura com um excitador eletrodinâmico e utilização de um corpo rígido na forma de um bloco T que é montado sobre a estrutura sob estudo. Dois acelerômetros lineares devem ser montados sobre o bloco T e a partir das duas acelerações lineares medidas buscam-se estimar um sinal proporcional à aceleração angular da estrutura no ponto de conexão. Outra técnica utiliza uma formulação via diferenças finitas, onde dois ou três acelerômetros (de acordo com a formulação de diferenças finitas utilizada) igualmente espaçados são montados diretamente sobre a estrutura sob estudo e são usados para se derivar à aceleração angular. Os resultados obtidos a partir destas técnicas são comparados com resultados obtidos a partir da utilização de um acelerômetro angular piezelétrico recentemente disponível no mercado. Também foram desenvolvidos modelos analíticos e computacionais via método dos elementos finitos a fim de se gerar subsídios adicionais para a análise dos resultados. Foram feitas várias constatações e dentre elas destacam-se resultados onde as FRFs angulares/lineares resultantes podem sofrer alterações significativas dependendo de como os dados experimentais são processados. / The present work aims to perform an investigation on experimental techniques for the determination of angular Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) in Modal Testing. Angular FRFs are those where the output variable is given by angular displacement, velocity or acceleration, whereas the input is given in terms of linear or angular quantities (a pure moment). Since the application of a pure moment as an excitation source still remains as a challenge, this work is focused in studying techniques to estimate angular/linear types of angular FRFs. One of these techniques consists of exciting the structure with a shaker and using a rigid T-block to measure the linear accelerations and then calculating the angular FRFs from these linear accelerations. Another technique employs finite differences formulations to get the angular motions. This technique uses the closely spaced accelerometers mounted directly to the structure under test, where at least two (according to the finite difference formula employed) accelerometers are used. The translational measurements are gathered and finite difference formulas are used to derive the necessary angular quantities. Additional tests are performed with an angular piezoelectric accelerometer recently available in the market in order to provide a comparison basis for the results obtained using the two techniques. The results are also compared whit theoretical models developed using analytical and Finite Element Formulations. Among all results obtained, it was understood that depending on the level of angular vibrations exhibited by the structure, and how the signals are processed, the resulting angular FRFs can suffer some significant changes
183

Estudio y análisis de sistemas lineales generados en problemas de contorno con frontera discontínua a partir de métodos espectrales/hp = Estudo e análise de sistemas lineares gerados nos problemas de contorno com fronteira descontinua a partir de métodos espectrais/hp / Estudo e análise de sistemas lineares gerados nos problemas de contorno com fronteira descontinua a partir de métodos espectrais/hp

Rodriguez Miranda, Juan Carlos, 1984- 07 January 2013 (has links)
Orientador: Petronio Pulino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T01:06:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodriguezMiranda_JuanCarlos_M.pdf: 6493367 bytes, checksum: 4c92920b543f2973fc3063991c696c72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O Método dos Elementos Finitos representou nos últimos anos uma ferramenta fundamental no estudo de problemas de contorno. A evolução desde sua formulação fundamental a partir do Método de Galerkin clássico até sua versão com refinamento hp, se tornou na base dos métodos numéricos mais avançados como é o Método de Galerkin Descontinuo. O Método dos Elementos Finitos de Alta Ordem juntamente com os Métodos Espectrais usados na obtenção de soluções numéricas para problemas de contorno com fronteira descontinua, serão nosso objeto de estudo nesta Dissertação. Desde sua formulação matemática fundamental, por intermédio da escolha apropriada das funções hierárquicas que compõem os espaços de aproximação, assim como a montagem dos sistemas lineares locais e sua respectiva utilização no sistema linear global esparso, cuja solução é obtida pelo método iterativo de Gradiente Conjugado usando diversos Precondicionadores, será o caminho a seguir / Abstract: The Finite Element Method developed in the last decades has been the most important tool in the study of Boundary Value Problems. Your evolution from its fundamental formulation using the Galerkin Method to the hp-adaptive finite element methods (hp-FEM), provided the necessary foundation for more advanced Numerical Methods like the Galerkin Discontinuous Method. The Finite Element Method of Higher Order, together with the Spectral formulation as a numerical method to solve Boundary Problems with Discontinuous Boundary, is the objective of study to this dissertation. The fundamental mathematical formulation of the finite element methods, passing through of to choose of hierarchical basis functions, also the assembly of local linear systems and it posteriorly use to construct a Sparse Linear System, whose solution is obtained for an iterative Preconditioner Gradient Method / Mestrado / Matematica Aplicada / Mestre em Matemática Aplicada
184

Vers des métamatériaux intégrés à pertes compensées : modélisation / Towards integrated and loss-compensated metamaterials : modelling

Le Cunff, Loïc 24 November 2014 (has links)
Au cours des dernières décennies, les métamatériaux ont montré qu'ils pouvaient avoir des propriétés étonnantes, permettant d'imaginer et de réaliser des dispositifs tels que des lentilles à indice négatif, des dispositifs de camouflage ou des lentilles parfaitement plates. Aussi, font-ils aujourd'hui l'objet d'une intense recherche. Cette thèse, inscrite dans le projet ANR METAPHOTONIQUE, avait pour objectif principal d'étudier la possibilité d'utiliser des métamatériaux pour l'optique guidée à la longueur d'onde télécom. Ceci a requis une meilleure compréhension du comportement des métamatériaux, ce qui nous a orientés vers l'étude de modèles effectifs. La récupération des paramètres optiques effectifs a nécessité de pouvoir simuler la réponse des métamatériaux sous une illumination en incidence oblique, ce qui a requis l'implémentation de telles méthodes en FDTD. Aux cours de nos travaux, nous avons aussi mis en évidence un phénomène de rotation de la polarisation de modes guidés suite à leur interaction avec des métamatériaux asymétriques. Nous avons alors pu concevoir et caractériser un dispositif pour l'optique guidée destiné faire tourner la polarisation de la lumière sur une longueur deux fois plus courte que la longueur d'onde. Enfin, un objectif secondaire a été de déterminer si les pertes dues à la présence de nanostructures métalliques dans nos métamatériaux pouvaient être compensées grâce à l'utilisation de matériaux à gain. Un modèle permettant de décrire de tels matériaux en FDTD a donc été étudié et implémenté / Over the last decades, metamaterials have been shown to exhibit extraordinary properties. These properties could allow the design of new devices such as negative refractive index lenses, cloaking devices and perfectly flat lenses. This PhD is part of the ANR METAPHOTONIQUE project and its main objective was to study the potential of metamaterials for integrated photonics at telecommunication wavelengths. This required to first better understand the behavior of metamaterials, which led us to study effective index models. The retrieval of effective optical parameters required to be able to simulate the optical response of metamaterials under oblique incidence excitation. Due to this, we had to study and implement such methods for FDTD computations. Our work also showed that asymmetrical metamaterials possessed the ability to make the polarization of guided modes rotate. This allowed us to design and characterize a potential device for integrated photonics, which effectively converts the polarization of guided modes over lengths shorter than half the wavelength. A secondary goal of this PhD was to study the potential compensation of losses occuring within the metallic nanostructures of our metamaterials through the use of materials with gain. Thus, a model allowing us to simulate such materials in FDTD has been implemented
185

Impacto ambiental e populações que interagem : uma modelagem inovadora, aproximação e simulações computacionais / Environmental impact and interacting populations : an innovative modeling, approximation and computational simulations

Miyaoka, Tiago Yuzo, 1990- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: João Frederico da Costa Azevedo Meyer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T22:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miyaoka_TiagoYuzo_M.pdf: 9483350 bytes, checksum: 13a6ce526d2a0eca797c7b2c56f65600 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Este trabalho trata da modelagem matemática e da simulação computacional de um problema de dinâmica populacional, mais precisamente a interação de um poluente tóxico a duas espécies que competem entre si por espaço e alimento. A modelagem é feita a partir de dispersão e advecção populacional juntamente com o modelo clássico de Lotka-Volterra e reprodução do tipo de Verhulst, mas com um termo inovador para a interação entre poluente e população. Este termo inovador visa a melhoria do modelo a médio e longo prazos, pois tem comportamento assintótico em relação ao tempo. Temos assim um sistema de equações diferenciais parciais não-linear, cuja solução analítica é impossível de ser obtida. Recorremos então a métodos numéricos e simulações computacionais para obter soluções aproximadas. Para isso, utilizamos os métodos de Elementos Finitos (com elementos triangulares de primeira ordem) nas variáveis espaciais e de Diferenças Finitas (mais especificamente, o método de Crank-Nicolson) na temporal, além do método preditor-corretor de Douglas e Dupont para tratar não linearidades, detalhando o procedimento de se obter um software capaz de gerar cenários qualitativamente realistas (os parâmetros utilizados foram estimados). Com o software obtido apresentamos gráficos das soluções aproximadas em cenários hipotéticos distintos, de forma a poder analisar possíveis impactos ambientais causados pela poluição despejada no meio ambiente / Abstract: This work treats the mathematical modeling and computational simulation of a populational dynamics problem, more precisely the interaction of a toxic pollutant in two species which compete with each other for space and food. The modeling is done from populational dispersion and advection together with the classical model of Lotka-Volterra and Verhulst type reproduction, but with a innovative term for the interaction of pollutant and population. This innovative term aims the improvement of the model in the medium and long time, because it has asymptotic behaviour in relation to time. Therefore we have a system of non linear partial differential equations, whose analytical solution is impossible to be obtained. We then appeal to numerical methods and computational simulations to obtain approximated solutions. For this, we use the Finite Elements method (with first order triangular elements) in spatial variables and Finite Differences method (more specifically the Crank-Nicolson method), in addition to the Douglas and Dupont predictor-corrector method to treat non linearities, detailing the process of obtaining a software capable of generating qualitatively realistic scenarios (the parameters used were estimated). With the obtained software we present plots of approximate solutions in different hypothetical scenarios, in order to analyze possible enviromental impacts caused by pollution released into the environment / Mestrado / Matematica Aplicada / Mestre em Matemática Aplicada
186

Impacto ambiental em meios aquáticos : modelagem, aproximação e simulação de um estudo na Baía de Buenaventura-Colômbia / Environmental impact on water means : modeling, approach and simulation of a study in the Bay of Buenaventura-Colombia

Cajas Guaca, Denis, 1983- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: João Frederico da Costa Azevedo Meyer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T22:20:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CajasGuaca_Denis_M.pdf: 6132685 bytes, checksum: 5e3780d261cb1b925daf089e42c326af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa visa descrever e ilustrar mediante a modelagem matemática e simulação computacional a poluição por esgoto que ocorre na Baía de Buenaventura no sudoeste do Pacífico Colombiano, e a influência do poluente no convívio de duas espécies de peixes. Para a dispersão de poluente usaremos o modelo que envolve a equação de Difusão-Advecção, a qual descreve as principais caraterísticas a considerar para o estudo do nosso problema, com suas respectivas condições de fronteira do entorno natural, considerando absorção de poluente nas margens da baía. Para a dinâmica populacional entre as espécies de peixes será usado um sistema não linear clássico do tipo Lotka-Volterra para modelar este problema, com condições de contorno de Neumann. A solução aproximada do modelo é obtida numericamente usando um método de segunda ordem no espaço e no tempo. Para a discretização da variável espacial usamos um método de diferenças finitas de segunda ordem e o método de Crank Nicolson para a discretização da variável temporal. Os resultados mostrados nas simulações computacionais para a concentração de poluente, e para a dinâmica populacional nos permitem julgar melhor o que está acontecendo ou o que pode acontecer, refletindo a necessidade de que os orgãos governamentais implementem mecanismos de mitigação ao problema ambiental para tentar diminuir os efeitos adversos do despejo direto no mar de águas residuais sem tratamento / Abstract: The propose of this research is to describe and illustrate the water pollution by sewage which occurs in Buenaventura Bay, in the southwest of the Colombian Pacific, and the influence of the pollutant in the interaction of two fish species, using mathematical modeling and computer simulation. Pollutant dispersion will be obtain using the model that involves the Diffusion - Advection equation, which describes the main features to be considered for the study of our problem with its respective boundary conditions of the natural environment, considering pollutant absorption in bayside. In order to describe the population dynamics between the fish species the classic Lotka -Volterra nonlinear system with Neumann boundary conditions will be used. The approximate solution of the model is obtained numerically using a second order method on the space and time. In order to discretize the spatial variable we use a second order finite difference method and the Crank Nicolson method for the time discretization. The results obtained in the computer simulations for the pollutant concentration, and the population dynamics allow us to judge what happening or what might happen. Reflecting in this way the necessity for the government agencies to implement mitigation mechanisms of the environmental problem in order to try reduce the adverse effects of dumping untreated sewage water directly into the sea / Mestrado / Matematica Aplicada / Mestra em Matemática Aplicada
187

Numerical Simulation of Soliton Tunneling

Tiberg, Matilda, Estensen, Elias, Seger, Amanda January 2020 (has links)
This project studied two different ways of imposing boundary conditions weakly with the finite difference summation-by-parts (SBP) operators. These operators were combined with the boundary handling methods of simultaneous-approximation-terms (SAT) and the Projection to impose homogeneous Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions. The convergence rate of both methods was analyzed for different boundary conditions for the one-dimensional (1D) Schrödinger equation, without potential, which resulted in both methods performing similarly. A multi-block discretization was then implemented and different combinations of SBP-SAT and SBP-Projection were applied to impose inner boundary conditions of continuity between the blocks. A convergence study of the different methods of imposing the inner BC:s was conducted for the 1D Schrödinger equation without potential. The resulting convergence was the same for all methods and it was concluded that they performed similarly. Methods involving SBP-Projection had the slight advantage of faster computation time. Finally, the 1D Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) and the 1D Schrödinger equation were analyzed with a step potential. The waves propagating towards the potential barrier were in both cases partially transmitted and partially reflected. The waves simulated with the Schrödinger equation dispersed, while the solitons simulated with the GPE kept their shape due to the equations reinforcing non-linear term. The bright soliton was partly transmitted and partly reflected. The dark soliton was either totally reflected or totally transmitted.
188

Confinement élastique au sein de nanostructures : le nanofil isolé, un système modèle / Single nanowires as model systems to study acoustic confinement in nanostructures

Cyril, Jean 23 June 2017 (has links)
Dans ce travail de thèse, nous étudions expérimentalement la dynamique vibrationnelle de nano-objets uniques métalliques ou semi-conducteurs par des techniques pompe/sonde femtosecondes. Nous démontrons d’abord que l’observation de nanofils uniques, suspendus au-dessus de tranchées permet à la fois de s’affranchir de l’effet d’étalement inhomogène des propriétés acoustiques et d’augmenter le confinement acoustique. Grâce à l’enrichissement du paysage vibrationnel ainsi obtenu, nous explorons les propriétés élastiques de nombreux systèmes : métalliques, semi-conducteurs, poreux, alliages, cœur/coquille, etc. Ensuite, nous tirons parti de l’augmentation du confinement acoustique pour observer la propagation d’ondes acoustiques gigahertz guidées le long de nanofils ou de nanopoutres. Nous montrons que la propagation de ces ondes acoustiques dans ces guides d’ondes nanométriques permet d’obtenir des informations indépendantes sur les propriétés élastiques des objets. A contrario, nous mettons en évidence que lorsque le nanofil est en contact avec un substrat, il agit comme une source acoustique monochromatique d’ondes longitudinales qui rayonne dans le substrat. Nous réalisons en transmission l’imagerie spatio-temporelle de ce champ acoustique généré et détectons acoustiquement l’orientation du nanofil sous-jacent grâce à l’anisotropie de forme du champ acoustique. Enfin, nous envisageons une preuve de concept d’un système de microscopie acoustique de résolution spatiale nanométrique en utilisant une pointe de microscopie à force atomique. / Vibrational dynamics of individual nano-objects is studied experimentally using pump and probe time-resolved spectroscopy. First, suspended and individual nano-objects avoid the inhomogeneous broadening of the acoustic properties and increase the acoustics confinement inside the nano-object. Elastic properties of metallic, semiconducting, porous, alloys or core-shell nanowires are thus studied in this advantageous geometry. The increased acoustic confinement in the suspended geometry also lead us to the observation of gigahertz coherent guided acoustic phonons in single copper nanowires and gold nanobeams. We show that the observation of propagating acoustic waves in nanoscale waveguides provide additional elastic informations. Furthermore, it gives the opportunity to unambiguously discriminate which mode is excited and detected using pump and probe time-resolved spectroscopy. On the contrary, nanowires can be used as monochromatic acoustic sources of longitudinal waves when deposited on a substrate. As the acoustic source radiates longitudinal waves inside the substrate, the spatiotemporal imaging of the generated acoustic field is undergone and the nanowire’s orientation is detected in transmission thanks to the acoustic field’s anisotropy. Finally, as another step toward acoustic microscopy with nanoscale spatial resolutions, an atomic force microscopy tip is used as a waveguide and an acoustic transducer with nanometric spatial extension.
189

Numerical Analysis of the Two Dimensional Wave Equation : Using Weighted Finite Differences for Homogeneous and Hetrogeneous Media

Böhme, Christian, Holmberg, Anton, Nilsson Lind, Martin January 2020 (has links)
This thesis discusses properties arising when finite differences are implemented forsolving the two dimensional wave equation on media with various properties. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous surfaces are considered. The time derivative of the wave equation is discretised using a weighted central difference scheme, dependenton a variable parameter gamma. Stability and convergence properties are studied forsome different values of gamma. The report furthermore features an introduction to solving large sparse linear systems of equations, using so-called multigrid methods.The linear systems emerge from the finite difference discretisation scheme. Aconclusion is drawn stating that values of gamma in the unconditionally stable region provides the best computational efficiency. This holds true as the multigrid based numerical solver exhibits optimal or near optimal scaling properties.
190

Lid driven cavity flow using stencil-based numerical methods

Juujärvi, Hannes, Kinnunen, Isak January 2022 (has links)
In this report the regular finite differences method (FDM) and a least-squares radial basis function-generated finite differences method (RBF-FD-LS) is used to solve the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the lid driven cavity problem. The Navier-Stokes equations is solved using stream function-vorticity formulation. The purpose of the report is to compare FDM and RBF-FD-LS with respect to accuracy and computational cost. Both methods were implemented in MATLAB and the problem was solved for Reynolds numbers equal to 100, 400 and 1000. In the report we present the solutions obtained as well as the results from the comparison. The results are discussed and conclusions are drawn. We came to the conclusion that RBF-FD-LS is more accurate when the stepsize of the grids used is held constant, while RBF-FD-LS costs more than FDM for similar accuracy.

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