Inclusion enable children with special needs pursue their education or activities with their peers who are not disabled. Participation of children can be promoted by inclusion. Teachers are key for developing inclusive schools and improve the participation of children with special needs. The aim of this study is to describe strategies teachers use to facilitate participation of children in need of special supports in three ‘inclusive schools’ in Finland. To study this issue, interviews were conducted with eight participants from these three schools. The ICF-CY model was used to analyze the interview data. Results show that teachers’ strategies of promoting children’s participation in these Finnish ‘inclusive’ schools are diverse, teachers use strategies that focus on children’s environmental factors as well as factors that relate to children themselves. Most of teachers believe strategies that make changes on children environmental factors can help children participate in classroom tasks and activities. Some factors to influence difference of the strategies in different schools were found, different school situations and seems to be a decisive role on teachers’ strategies of improving the participation of the children. This study gives a promising view of the actions that teachers take to promote participation of children in need of special support.

Research in novice teachers has been wide and rich because they are experiencing a special period in their career life after spending their childhood in school and freshly graduating from teacher education. At the workplace, novice teachers might be specially treated because they are the newcomers, but they may want to realize some professional ideals. Research in novice teacher’s professional agency and professional identity needs to be enriched. Professional agency can be understood as initiatives taken at the workplace, and professional identity can be a “self” as a professional. Both professional agency and professional identity are complex when socio-cultural contexts and subjective factors are intertwined. However, they are related and interdependent—professional agency externalizes and negotiates professional identity, whereas professional identity internalizes and influences professional agency. By comparing ten novice teachers from China and Finland, the overall aim of this thesis is to investigate the degree of professional agency as well as professional identity from a developmental perspective so that the socio-cultural contexts, especially the education systems in Finland and China, and subjective factors can be understood. In this thesis, five novice teachers from China and five novice teachers from Finland were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. By adopting thematic analysis, the author has found that how those novice teachers’ voices on professional agency and professional identity are similar or different. The result shows that Finnish novice teachers enjoy a relatively higher degree of professional agency at the workplace, and they seem to be more well-prepared by according to the testimonies in the interviews. Early-childhood teachers’ wellbeing in Finland and China need to be considered in the future educational reforms and development.

This thesis examines how national identities are discursively constructed in online discussions around immigration in Finland. The discursive construction of Finnish national identities is analyzed both in the light of the construction of ‘sameness’ and of ‘otherness’, drawing upon critical discourse analysis and the notion of a nation as an imagined community. The analyzed data is from a Finnish discussion forum, Suomi24. The discussions analyzed generally construct an exclusionary identity: Finnishness is often represented as something inherent and impossible to combine with, for example, Islam or Russianness. Elite discourses as well as discourses previously identified in Hommaforum, a Finnish ‘immigration critical’ forum, were reproduced in the discussions, implying that online discussions, in addition to reproducing elite discourses, can also foster them. The prevalence of exclusionary discourses and stereotypical representations in a moderated discussion forum speaks for the normalization of such ways of talking about immigration, ‘us’ and ‘others’.

No description available.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-02-07T14:20:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinaalvesmagaldi.pdf: 1596703 bytes, checksum: 2d20366f0addedf5fcf8c16ff3edcb4d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-08T12:33:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinaalvesmagaldi.pdf: 1596703 bytes, checksum: 2d20366f0addedf5fcf8c16ff3edcb4d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-08T12:33:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinaalvesmagaldi.pdf: 1596703 bytes, checksum: 2d20366f0addedf5fcf8c16ff3edcb4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-08T12:33:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinaalvesmagaldi.pdf: 1596703 bytes, checksum: 2d20366f0addedf5fcf8c16ff3edcb4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-01 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A dissertação aborda as inter-conexões entre literatura, história, memória e formação nacional a partir da análise do épico finlandês Kalevala. O estudo abrange os aspectos românticos do registro dos poemas orais que hoje formam a epopéia, seu processo de publicação, suas conexões com a história factual da Finlândia, sua difusão pelo mundo na forma de traduções, bem como sua onipresença no universo de cultura de massa de seu país. Abordamos, ainda, os paralelos que podem ser traçados entre as obras que influenciaram a Kalevala e aquelas que o épico influenciou, de forma a constituir uma rede discursiva e aproximar o texto dos leitores brasileiros. Como aporte teórico no tocante ao Romantismo se fazem presentes as análises de Victor HUGO (2004) e Jacob GUINSBERG (2005), na reflexão entre literatura, história e memória temos como referência as obras de Eric HOBSBAWM (2002), Benedict ANDERSON (1989) e Maurice HALBWACHS (2006), além de diversos historiadores finlandeses. / The current dissertation discusses the inter connections between literature, history, memory and national formation from the perspective of the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala. The study covers the romantic aspects regarding the register of oral poems that nowadays form such epic, its publishing process, its connections with the factual history of Finland, its transposition to other languages, as well as its omnipresence in the national mass culture universe. We also cover the parallels that can be drawn between the works that influenced the Kalevala and those that the epic itself influenced. As theoric basis concerning the Romanticism there are the analysis of Victor HUGO (2004) and Jacob GUINSBURG (2005) and, as related to the considerations between literature, history and memory, we have as references the works of Eric HOBSBAWN (2002), Benedict ANDERSON (1989) and Maurice HALBWACHS (2006), apart from various Finnish historians.

Abstract This research seeks to answer the following questions: In which contexts are Finnish undergraduate university students taught to evaluate research literature? What kind of teaching is given? What kind of evaluation criteria are the students encouraged to use? The theoretical framework is based on Tony Becher's model of the cognitive and social features of academic disciplines and the differences among them, which he presented in his book Academic Tribes and Territories in 1989. Accordingly, the study examines what are the major features of the disciplines in question and analyses whether these features explain the way evaluation is taught. The study is based on a qualitative approach. The empirical material was gathered by interviewing 18 university lecturers and 14 students from the universities of Helsinki and Tampere in spring 2001. The interviewees represented Physics (University of Helsinki), Medicine, Social Policy and Social Work and Literary Studies. In addition, a content analysis of ten Finnish master's thesis handbooks published between 1995–2003 was carried out. Medicine demonstrated the most extensive and planned approach to the teaching of evaluation. In other disciplines, teaching was dependent on the interest of the individual lecturers. In Material Physics and in Applied Physics, students had to carry out extensive analysis and evaluation of articles. Some article analysis was carried out also in Social Policy and Social Work and Literary Studies. The evaluation criteria for the literature were most explicit in Physics and Medicine. In Physics, lecturers advised students to focus on approach, experimental methods and results, in Medicine on approach, research methodology, material and the strength of the evidence. In Social Policy and Social Work, methodology and different schools of thought played a significant role in evaluation. Schools of thought were also important in Literary Studies. In the different disciplines, the views on the criteria predicting the quality of publications varied. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa etsitään vastauksia seuraaviin kysymyksiin: Missä yhteyksissä tieteellisen kirjallisuuden arviointia opetetaan perustutkintokoulutuksessa suomalaisessa yliopistossa? Millä tavoin opetusta annetaan? Millaisia kirjallisuuden arvioinnin kriteerejä kehotetaan käyttämään? Tutkimuksen teoreettinen kehys on monitieteinen. Keskeisin aines on Tony Becherin kirjassaan Academic tribes and territories (1989) esittämä malli tieteenalojen kognitiivisista ja sosiaalisista piirteistä ja niiden eroavuuksista. Tämän mukaisesti selvitetään, mitkä ovat tarkasteltujen tieteenalojen keskeiset ominaisuudet ja selittävätkö nämä ominaisuudet arvioinnin ohjauksen luonnetta ja tieteenalakohtaisia eroja. Lähestymistapa on laadullinen. Empiirinen aineisto koottiin haastattelemalla 18 yliopisto-opettajaa ja 14 opiskelijaa Helsingin ja Tampereen yliopistoissa keväällä 2001. Haastatellut edustivat fysiikkaa (Helsingin yliopisto), lääketiedettä, sosiaalipolitiikkaa ja sosiaalityötä sekä kirjallisuudentutkimusta. Haastatteluja täydensi sisällönanalyysi kymmenestä suomenkielisestä tutkielmanteon oppaasta, jotka olivat ilmestyneet vuosina 1995–2003. Tampereen yliopiston lääketieteellisessä tiedekunnassa oli käytössä ongelmaperustainen opetusmenetelmä, muilla aloilla annettiin perinteistä luentoihin, harjoituksiin ja kirjallisuuden tenttimiseen painottunutta opetusta. Yhteisesti suunniteltua ja laajinta tieteellisen kirjallisuuden arvioinnin opetus oli lääketieteessä. Muilla tieteenaloilla ohjaus perustui yksittäisten opettajien harrastuneisuuteen. Materiaalifysiikassa ja sovelletussa fysiikassa opiskelijat harjoittelivat arviointia analysoimalla runsaasti artikkeleita. Jossain määrin artikkelien analysointia esiintyi myös sosiaalitieteissä ja kirjallisuudentutkimuksessa. Kirjallisuuden arviointikriteerit olivat selkeimmät fysiikassa ja lääketieteessä. Opettajat kehottivat opiskelijoita kiinnittämään fysiikassa huomiota menetelmään, koeasetelmaan ja tuloksiin, lääketieteessä tutkimusasetelmaan, menetelmään, aineistoon ja näytön riittävyyteen. Sosiaalipolitiikassa ja sosiaalityössä evaluoinnin kannalta tärkeitä olivat tutkimusmenetelmät ja mihin tutkimusperinteeseen julkaisu kuului. Koulukunta oli tärkeä myös kirjallisuudentutkimuksessa. Käsitykset julkaisun laatua ennustavista kriteereistä vaihtelivat, kuitenkin esimerkiksi lehden tasoa pidettiin yleisesti laadun takeena. Käsitys käyttökelpoisen kirjallisuuden iästä vaihteli aloittain. Tutkimus osoittaa, että tieteenalojen peruspiirteet vaikuttivat arvioinnin ohjauksen luonteeseen ja arviointikriteereihin. Toisaalta on havaittavissa paikallisten perinteiden vaikutusta.

Syftet med min uppsats är att studera attityder till svenska språket i Finland. Jag har intervjuat sju finskspråkiga gymnasieelever i södra Finland. Syftet med intervjuerna är primärt kvalitativt. Jag har velat bilda mig en uppfattning om vilka faktorer som påverkar de intervjuades attityder och även försöka förstå varför man har de attityder man har och vari de bottnar. Jag har även velat se hur ålder vid studiestarten i svenska påverkarattityderna. Därför har jag valt att intervjua både dem som har börjat studera svenska i lågstadiet och dem som börjat sina studier i högstadiet. Resultatet visar att det finns flera faktorer som påverkar de intervjuades attityder. En faktor är kontakter med de svenskspråkiga och den vardagliga närvaron (eller frånvaron) av svenska språket. Undervisningens kvalitet och hurdan lärare man har i svenskämnet påverkar också. Även omgivningens attityder kan ha en viss påverkan. Bland mina informanter framstår den instrumentella funktionen som mest central i formandet av attityderna: informanterna läser svenska för att de tror sig ha nytta av det nu och i framtiden. Även den affektiva funktionen påverkar i vissa fall informanterna: en positiv attityd till svenska språket samt en stor vilja och motivation att lära sig det uttrycker en lust att känna tillhörighet till den andra gruppen (svenskspråkiga) utöver den egna (finskspråkiga). Flera informanter har åsikter om ålder vid studiestart i svenska och hur det kan påverka attityderna. Alla mina informanter har en positiv eller mer neutral attityd till svenska språket i sig och även de svenskspråkiga. Gällande åsikter om den obligatoriska undervisningen i svenska i Finland är åsikterna delade.

Abstract Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) among children is of a particular importance in Finland, where its incidence is the highest in the world and still increasing. However, the aetiology of T1DM is not fully known. According to current knowledge, both genetic and environmental factors operate together, leading to an attack by the immune system on the insulin-producing beta cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the geographical variation in the incidence of T1DM among children aged up to 14 years in Finland. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Bayesian spatial statistics were applied in a search for unusual spatial patterns and risk factor associations. The incidence of T1DM among children aged up to 14 years showed clear geographical variations in Finland. Living in a rural environment increased the risk for T1DM, and the risk was particularly high among children living in rural heartland areas. There was no association between the variation in T1DM incidence and the zinc and nitrate concentrations of drinking water. A male excess in the incidence of T1DM was seen in the low-incidence areas. The geographical variation in the risk of T1DM was marked only among children aged up to 9 years. Because genetics is a necessary but not a sufficient cause of T1DM, it could be hypothesized that there are some thus far unknown environmental risk factors affecting particularly younger children in Finland. Some of those factors may be related to a rural environment. The geographical variation in the M/F ratio of T1DM was a challenging observation and warrants more analytical study.

In academic reasoning, as well as policy rhethoric, much attention has been drawn to the low thresholds to employment and entrepreneurship in tourism. The purpose of this thesis is to go beyond the simplified images and examine the educational characteristics of the tourism workforce in a way that includes both a geographical and work task related aspect. By employing a sequential mix of methods, two perspectives on competence in tourism are presented. First, the actual presence of formal education within the workforce is mapped and discussed based on descriptive analyses of register data. Thereafter, thematic analyses of interviews are used to allow for a discussion on underlying reasoning of recruitment. The theoretical point of departure is that the workforce is a crucial input factor of the production process in labour intense service sectors such as tourism. However, the access to a suitable workforce differs between destinations. It is therefore imperative to scrutinize its characteristics in order to set relevant strategies for development, as well as education. The thesis contains four individual papers and an introductory section. The first two papers are based on register data on the Swedish national workforce in the years 2000, 2005 and 2010. The results show that the general level of formal education is not exceptionally low in tourism and that it is rather linked to geography than occupational sector. There was also confirmed to be a mismatch between tourism-specific education and work in tourism. In the second part of the thesis, focus is turned to the managerial segment within destination development. The geographical scope includes the northern region of Sweden and one case study area each in Norway and Finland. The empirical material shows that tourism-specific education was not prioritized when recruiting for destination management. The empirical findings are brought together in the concluding discussion of the thesis. It is there suggested that reasoning on the educational characteristics of the tourism workforce needs to  include the diversity of local preconditions and needs relating to geography and work tasks.

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to analyse and describe the health behaviour among the male population in the Kainuu region in Finland, to chart the men's attitudes towards health services and find out how they talked about their health behaviour. The objective was to produce new, cultural information about how to develope health services, and in addition to shed light into the health behaviour among the men living in the Kainuu region. The research material consisted of 20 thematic biographical interviews. The interviewees were 36–56-year-old men who were born, and currently living in the Kainuu region. In the study, the biographical method was applied, and the interviewees were asked to tell their life story from a health perspective. The research material was approached both from a factist perspective and a specimen perspective. The material was analysed in three stages by using material-based content analysis, thematic content analysis, and rhetorical analysis. The framework of the study consisted of a cultural perspective. Thus, when doing the analysis, it was essential to find the different meanings the men had given to health in their life. According to the results, the value of health did not guide the health behaviour of the interviewed men until adulthood, and health services were not used willingly. There were matters in the course of the lives of these men as well as in their growth environment that made it easier to understand their health behaviour and attitudes towards health services. Attitudes passed on from generation to generation and increased morbidity in the immediate environment were among the things that contributed to the men's behaviour and attitudes. The men also used rhetorical ways to justify their own health behaviour. The most used rhetorical strategies were the absence of agency and the use of extreme expressions. It is possible to obtain in-depth information about health behaviour with the help of biographical study that takes cultural issues into consideration. The information gathered in the present study can be used when developing and directing health services in the Kainuu region as well as when developing the national health service system in Finland. The methodological solutions used in the present study can also be applied to other studies in the field of health sciences. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli analysoida ja kuvata kainuulaisten miesten terveyskäyttäytymistä, terveyspalveluihin suhtautumista ja terveyskäyttäytymiseen liittyvää puhetta. Tavoitteena oli tuottaa uutta, kulttuurista tietoa terveyspalvelujen kehittämiseen ja lisäksi tehdä ymmärrettäväksi kainuulaisten miesten terveyskäyttäytymistä. Tutkimusaineisto muodostui 20 temaattisesta elämäkertahaastattelusta. Haastateltavat olivat syntyperäisiä kainuulaisia ja Kainuussa asuvia 36–56-vuotiaita miehiä. Tutkimuksessa sovellettiin elämäkertametodia siten, että haastateltavat kertoivat elämäntarinansa terveyden teemasta lähtien. Tutkimusaineistoa lähestyttiin sekä faktanäkökulmasta että näytenäkökulmasta. Aineisto analysoitiin kolmivaiheisesti: aineistolähtöisellä analyysillä, teemoihin pohjautuvalla analyysillä ja retorisella analyysillä. Tutkimuksen viitekehys muodostui kulttuurisuudesta. Näin ollen, aineiston analyysissä oli olennaista löytää kainuulaisten miesten terveyskäyttäytymiseen liittämiään kulttuurisia merkityksiä. Tulosten mukaan terveyden arvo ohjaa kainuulaisten miesten terveyskäyttäytymistä vasta aikuisiässä eikä terveyspalveluja käytetä mielellään. Kainuulaisten miesten elämänkulusta ja kasvuympäristöstä löytyi asioita, joiden avulla miesten terveyskäyttäytymistä ja terveyspalveluihin suhtautumista voidaan ymmärtää. Näitä ovat esimerkiksi sukupolvelta toiselle periytyneet asenteet ja lähiympäristön runsas sairastavuus. Miesten puheesta oli myös löydettävissä retorisia keinoja, joilla he argumentoivat omaa terveyskäyttäytymistään. Retorisista keinoista yleisimmin käytettyjä olivat toimijuuden kadottaminen ja ääri-ilmaisujen käyttäminen. Kulttuurisuuden huomioivan elämäkertatutkimuksen avulla on mahdollista saada syvällistä tietoa terveyskäyttäytymisestä. Tutkimuksessa tuotettua tietoa voidaan hyödyntää terveyspalvelujen laadun kehittämisessä ja yksilöllisessä suuntaamisessa sekä Kainuussa että laajemmin suomalaista terveyspalvelujärjestelmää kehitettäessä. Tutkimuksen metodologisia ratkaisuja voidaan soveltaa myös muissa terveystieteellisissä tutkimuksissa.