<div>Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a non-invasive measurement technique which resolves the flow velocity by taking instantaneous snapshots of tracer particle motion in the flow and uses digital image cross-correlation to estimate the particle shift up to subpixel accuracy. The measurement chain incorporates numerous sets of parameters, such as the particle displacements, the particle image size, the flow shear rate, the out-of-plane motion for planar PIV and image noise to name a few, and these parameters are interrelated and influence the final velocity estimate in a complicated way. In the last few decades, PIV has become widely popular by virtue of developments in both the hardware capabilities and correlation algorithms, especially with the scope of 3-component (3C) and 3-dimensional (3D) velocity measurements using stereo-PIV and tomographic-PIV techniques, respectively. The velocity field measurement not only leads to other quantities of interest such as Pressure, Reynold stresses, vorticity or even diffusion coefficient, but also provides a reference field for validating numerical simulations of complex flows. However, such a comparison with CFD or applicability of the measurement to industrial design requires one to quantify the uncertainty in the PIV estimated velocity field. Even though the PIV community had a strong impetus in minimizing the measurement error over the years, the problem of uncertainty estimation in local instantaneous PIV velocity vectors have been rather unnoticed. A typical norm had been to assign an uncertainty of 0.1 pixels for the whole field irrespective of local flow features and any variation in measurement noise. The first article on this subject was published in 2012 and since then there has been a concentrated effort to address this gap. The current dissertation is motivated by such a requirement and aims to compare the existing 2D PIV uncertainty methods, propose a new method to directly estimate the planar PIV uncertainty from the correlation plane and subsequently propose the first comprehensive methods to quantify the measurement uncertainty in stereo-PIV and 3D Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) measurements.</div><div>The uncertainty quantification in a PIV measurement is, however, non-trivial due to the presence of multitude of error sources and their non-linear coupling through the measurement chain transfer function. In addition, the advanced algorithms apply iterative correction process to minimize the residual which increases the complexity of the process and hence, a simple data-reduction equation for uncertainty propagation does not exist. Furthermore, the calibration or a reconstruction process in a stereo or volumetric measurement makes the uncertainty estimation more challenging. Thus, current uncertainty quantification methods develop a-posterior models utilizing the evaluated displacement information and combine it with either image information, correlation plane information or even calibration “disparity map” information to find the desired uncertainties in the velocity estimates.</div><div><br></div>

<div>With the rapid development of the advanced two-phase flow experimental technologies, more experimental databases with extended measurement ranges have been established to support the two-phase flow model development. The advantage of the Two Fluid model in modeling the complex two-phase flow phenomena over the mixture models stands out. One key aspect in the Two Fluid model development is the accurate modeling of the interfacial area between phases, which is strongly related to the interfacial mass, momentum, and energy transfer. As a closure relation of interfacial area concentration (interfacial area per unit volume) for the Two Fluid model, the Interfacial Area Transport Equation (IATE) provides dynamic predictions on the interfacial area change. It substantially solves the shortcoming of using flow-regime-dependent empirical correlations that can introduce numerical discontinuities between flow regimes. </div><div><br></div><div>The IATE has been extensively developed over the past twenty-five years. Many studies targeted on improving its prediction capability by developing bubble interaction source terms based on their experimental data. </div><div>The existing models are usually based on medium and large flow channels, yet the models may not be physically fit the small flow channels. The major reason is that the wall effect can have a larger influence on the two-phase flow in a small flow channel, as the surface area to volume ratio greatly increases. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study are to physically investigate the wall effect on two-phase flow and develop a generalized IATE by extending the application range of existing IATE from large and medium flow channels to small flow channel.</div><div><br></div><div>To achieve the objective, this study established a rigorous database of air-water two-phase flows in a small diameter pipe with its inner diameter of 12.7 mm, focusing on the bubbly-to-slug transition regime. The experimental analysis was performed on the pipe wall effect on the interfacial characteristics, based on the current experimental database and the existing experimental database collected on vertical pipes of different sizes. It is observed that 1) the pipe wall effect can alter the non-uniform radial two-phase distribution; 2) the bubbly-to-slug flow regime transition in a small diameter pipe happens in a smaller void fraction than in a large diameter pipe; 3) the bubble coalescence phenomenon can be more dominant for small pipe flow, and an intensive intergroup transfer can happen for the two-group interfacial area transport in two-phase flows. </div><div>As the interfacial area transport is directly related to the two-phase geometrical configuration, the two-phase geometrical parameters, void fraction and relative bubble size, are identified as the key parameters for modeling.</div><div><br></div><div>In the modeling of IATE source terms, the high geometrical scalability of the model is realized by properly including the wall effect into the modeling consideration. The following major improvements on the existing models are: 1) the inertia subrange assumption on the turbulent-driven interaction is properly improved; 2) the bubble-induced turbulent-driven interactions such as wake entrainment is revised by considering the wall effect on the wake region. In summary, models of bubble interaction due to random collision, wake entrainment, turbulent impact, and shearing-off are revised based on the existing studies on the IATE source terms development. The newly proposed interfacial area transport models are evaluated against an experimental database with 112 test conditions in total from a wide range of experimental pipe diameters from 12.7 mm to 304.8 mm. The new models can accurately capture the drastic intergroup transfer of void fraction and interfacial area concentration between two groups in transition flows. Overall, the relative error of void fraction and interfacial area concentration comparing with the experimental data are within ±15\% and ±10\%, respectively.</div>

Besides structural imaging, OCT can be used to estimate axial velocities of the sample resolved in depth by Dopplerprocessing. In Fourier domain OCT (FD-OCT), this is accomplished by measuring the phase difference (i.e. phase shift) between timely separated A-scans at the same depth. In most cases, these data are disturbed by noise caused by intrinsic noise of the OCT system, specified by the SNR, and decorrelation noise caused by the transversal movement of the optical beam relative to the sample. Since the first use of Doppler methods in OCT, many methods to reduce the phase shift noise by averaging have been presented. While all these methods use a fixed set of consecutive A-scans, the best method, exhibiting no bias and having the smallest standard deviation, was questionable. Recently, Doppler processing methods depending on the mentioned noise sources and delivering the most likely phase shift and thereby axial velocity became available. The relation of these methods to previously known methods like the Kasai estimator, maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and joint spectral and time domain OCT (jSTdOCT) will be discussed.

In the arid west, water is among the most valuable of resources. Typically, in order to successfully and accurately measure a flow rate using most types of flow meters, it is recommended that a straight section of pipe be installed immediately upstream from the flow meter to avoid distorted flow patterns and extreme turbulence at the metering location. In many field piping situations, however, such flow conditions are impossible to achieve. The performance of ultrasonic flow meters in non-ideal piping scenarios was studied using laboratory experiments and numerical Computational Fluid Dynamics models. A Fuji PortaflowX clamp-on transit-time ultrasonic flow meter was calibrated in the laboratory and performed well within the manufacturer’s stated level of accuracy of ±1% for straight pipe. The ultrasonic flow meter was also used downstream of a single 12-inch long-radius elbow and the error in flow measurement resulting from the flow disturbance was measured. These tests were performed at four locations downstream of the elbow, at three orientations on the circumference of the pipe, and for three flow rates with Reynolds numbers ranging from 250,000 to 750,000. Using the same physical conditions, numerical models were built that utilized the realizable k-ε eddy viscosity model for turbulent flows. The resulting downstream velocity profiles from the numerical models were used to integrate the velocity of the flow across the ultrasonic signal path. The resulting velocity profiles were compared to similar profiles for fully developed flow to determine the error in flow measurement. The ultrasonic flow meter measurement errors downstream of the elbow were always negative, and were found to be as great as -16%. In general, the ultrasonic flow meter performed less accurately closer to the elbow due to the turbulent fluctuations and flow separation created by the elbow. A correction curve was applied to the results of this study, which provided a method to correct the ultrasonic flow measurement. By applying the correction equation to the laboratory ultrasonic flow meter measurements downstream of the elbow, the measurement error was reduced by nearly 90%. Computational Fluid Dynamics appears to be a viable tool for studying flow disturbances and making appropriate corrections for ultrasonic flow measurement in pipes.

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A measurement device was developed to accurately determine the pneumatic power performance of an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) model in a wave flume. The analysis of the pneumatic power is significant due to the wave-topneumatic energy being the primary energy conversion process and where the most energy losses can be expected. The aim of the research study is to address the accurate pneumatic power measurement of unsteady and bidirectional airflow in OWC model experiments. The two fundamental measurements required for the pneumatic power measurement are the pressure difference over an orifice on the OWC model and the volumetric flow rate of air through the outlet. The designed, constructed and assembled measurement device comprised of a venturi flow meter, containing a hot-film anemometer, which could measure the pressure drop and the volumetric flow rate in one device. The assembled pneumatic power measurement device was calibrated in a vertical wind tunnel at steady state. The results from the calibration tests showed that the volumetric flow rate measurements from the pneumatic power measurement device was accurate to within 3 % of the wind tunnel’s readings. The pneumatic power measurement device was incorporated onto a constructed Perspex physical model of a simple OWC device. This assembled system was used as the test unit in the wave flume at Stellenbosch University (SUN). The results from the experimental tests underwent comparative analysis with three analytical OWC air-flow models which were simulated as three scenarios using Matlab Simulink. These results showed that the measurement device has the ability to measure the pneumatic power but there is difficulty in modelling the complex air-flow system of the OWC device. This results in varying levels of agreement between the experimental and simulated pneumatic power results. The research study has revealed that there is difficulty in designing an accurate device for a wide range of test parameters due to the variance in output values. The unsteady and bidirectional nature of the air flow is also difficult to accurately simulate using a one-dimensional analytical model. Recommendations for further investigation are for CFD systems to be used for the analysis of the air-flow in an OWC system and to be used to validate future pneumatic power measurement devices. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Meetinstrument was ontwikkel om die pneumatiese kraglewering van ‘n model van die Ossillerende Water Kolom (OWK) golfenergie omsetter in ‘n golf tenk akkuraat te meet. Dit is belangrik om die omskakeling van golf na pneumatiese energie te analiseer siende dat die grootste energieverlies in dié proses plaasvind. Die doel van hierdie navorsingsprojek was om die akkurate pneumatiese kragmeting van variërende en twee-rigting vloei van lug in ‘n OWK model na te vors. Die twee fundamentele metings wat benodig word vir die pneumatiese kragbepaling is die drukverskil oor die vloei vernouing en die volumetriese vloeitempo van lug deur die uitlaat van die toetstoestel. Die spesiaal ontwerpte meettoestel wat gebruik is in die eksperiment het bestaan uit ‘n venturi vloeimeter wat ‘n verhitte-film anemometer bevat het wat die drukverandering en die volumetriese vloeitempo kan meet in ‘n enkele instrument. Die pneumatiese kragmeting was gekalibreer in ‘n vertikale windtonnel waarin ‘n konstante vloei tempo geïnduseer was. Die kalibrasieproses het bevestig dat die meettoestel metings lewer met ‘n fout van minder as 3 % wanneer dit vergelyk word met die bekende konstante vloei tempo soos bepaal in die windtonnel. ‘n Fisiese model van ‘n vereenvoudigde OWK golfenergie omsetter was ontwerp en gebou uit Perspex om as toetstoestel te gebruik vir die evaluering van die ontwerpte pneumatiese kraglewering meettoestel. Die toetse was uitgevoer in ‘n golftenk by die Universiteit Stellenbosch (SUN). The toetsresultate was vergelyk met drie ander OWK lugvloei modelle wat gesimuleer was deur om die analitiese modelle op te stel en te simuleer in Matlab Simulink. Die vergelyking van modellering resultate het gewys dat die meettoestel die vermoë het om pneumatiese krag te meet. Daar was wel komplikasies met die modellering van die komplekse lugvloei in die OWK toestel, die resultate het geen definitiewe ooreenstemming gewys tussen die eksperimentele en gesimuleerde pneumatiese krag resultate nie. Die navorsingsprojek het gewys dat daar komplikasies is om ‘n enkel toestel te ontwerp wat oor ‘n wye bereik kan meet weens die variasie van die verskillende parameters. Die variërende en twee-rigting lugvloei is ook moeilik om akkuraat te simuleer met ‘n een-dimensionele analitiese simulasie model. Aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing sluit in om die lugvloei in die OWK stelsel te modelleer en te analiseer in ‘n drie-dimensionele model om die lesings van ‘n pneumatiese krag meettoestel te bevestig.

[pt] Esta dissertação de mestrado teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da composição do gás natural na medição de vazão pela técnica de ultrassom em sistemas de alívio de pressão tipo tocha. A inclusão da composição do gás na correção da medição da vazão do gás em sistemas de tocha constitui uma exigência legal imposta pelo regulador brasileiro do setor de petróleo, gás natural e biocombustíveis. A histórica dificuldade técnica associada à coleta de amostras de gás em sistemas de tocha e os constantes questionamentos sobre a representatividade das amostras coletadas são as principais motivações para a realização deste estudo. A metodologia utilizada fundamentou-se em pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e normativa realizou-se o embasamento técnico e teórico do estudo. A pesquisa de campo teve por finalidade coletar informações de estações de medição de gás em sistemas de tocha de uma unidade marítima de produção de petróleo e gás. A partir do tratamento das informações coletadas, os resultados da pesquisa permitiram quantificar que o erro máximo na medição de vazão de gás por ultrassom devido ao desconhecimento de sua real composição é 0,04 porcento. Dentre as conclusões, (i) as amostras de gás coletadas em sistemas de tocha não representam de forma adequada o volume de gás medido e (ii) o erro máximo estimado associado à totalização do volume de gás mostrou-se desprezível quando comparado ao volume total de gás documentado nos históricos de medição e aos erros aleatórios aceitáveis para o tipo de estação de medição considerado. / [en] The objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the influence of the composition of the natural gas on the flow rate measurements in pressure relief flare systems. The consideration of the gas composition in the correction of the gas flow rate measurements in the flare system is a legal requirement imposed by the Brazilian regulating agency for oil, natural gas and biofuels. The historical technical difficulties associated with collecting gas samples from flare systems and the constant questions about the representativeness of the collected samples are the main motivations for this study. The methodology used was based on literature, documental and field research. Through literature, documental and normative research was conducted at the technical and theoretical foundation of the study. The field research aimed at collecting information of measurement systems of gas flare in a maritime unit of oil and gas production. From the treatment of collected information, the research results allowed to quantify that the maximum error in the measurement of gas flow rate by ultrasonic meters due to the lack of knowledge of its actual composition is 0.04 percent. Among the conclusions, (i) the collected gas samples in flare systems do not adequately represent the volume of measured gas and (ii) the estimated maximum error associated with the totalization of the gas volume was found to be negligible compared to the documented total volume gas on historical measurements and to acceptable random errors for the type of the considered measurement system.

[pt] No presente trabalho, de interesse da indústria de petróleo, é desenvolvida uma metodologia para avaliação metrológica e determinação da periodicidade de calibração em sistemas de medição de vazão de gás natural com placas de orifício, usando históricos de dados bimestrais de medidores instalados em pontos fiscais da bacia de Campos. O estudo analisa dados de calibração de medidores de temperatura, pressão e pressão diferencial de um transmissor eletrônico de vazão multivariável, contribuindo para o entendimento do impacto das incertezas destas variáveis na incerteza total do sistema de medição como um todo. Como resultados das avaliações metrológicas, foram determinados intervalos entre calibrações sucessivas, de modo que as exigências de incerteza de medição da portaria conjunta no 1 ANP/INMETRO de 19/6/2000 possam ainda ser atendidas nos pontos de medição fiscal e de apropriação . Inicialmente, foi mostrado que os valores de incertezas calculadas de vazão pela norma ISO 5167-2 (2003) atendem os requisitos da portaria. Finalmente, foi mostrado que o intervalo entre calibrações sucessivas dos medidores poderia ser aumentado do valor atualmente requerido pela portaria (2 meses) para pelo menos 6 meses para pressão diferencial e pressão, e 14 meses para temperatura. Este resultado tem um impacto econômico e operacional nas empresas de gás natural. / [en] In the present work, of interest of the oil industry, a methodology was developed for metrological evaluating and determination the frequency of calibration of natural gas flow rate measurement systems with orifice plates, using calibration data obtained every two months from measurement instruments installed in fiscal points of the Campos Basin. The study evaluates the calibration data of temperature, pressure and differential pressure measurement from a multivariable transmitter, contributing to a better understanding of the influence of those variables in the uncertainty of flow rate as a result of the methodological evaluating, the intervals between two successive calibrations was determined, so that the requirements of the Portaria Conjunta n° 1 ANP/INMETRO, 19/06/2000, could be met in the fiscal and allocation points. First of all, it was shown that the flow rate uncertainty values, as calculated by ISO 5167-2 standard was fully covered by the requirements. Finally, it was shown the interval between successive calibrations could be increased of the value nowadays required by portaria (2 months) to 6 months for pressure and differential pressure, and to 14 months for temperature. This results has an economic and operational impact in the natural gas industry.

[pt] Objetivo da presente dissertação de mestrado é contribuir para a estruturação da cadeia metrológica de vazão de gás natural em alta pressão no Brasil, tomando como base experiências bem sucedidas de laboratórios nacionais de metrologia de vazão de países industrializados. O estudo fundamenta-se na padronização primária e na harmonização de valores padrões de referência para a medição de vazão. A falta de infra-estrutura metrológica para padronização primária de medição de vazão volumétrica de gás natural no Brasil constituiu-se na motivação da Petrobras para eliminar essa importante vulnerabilidade e, dessa forma, contribuir para o estabelecimento do controle metrológico no setor. A escolha do projeto de pesquisa também foi motivada pelo interesse pessoal do autor em contribuir para o tema tendo em vista sua trajetória profissional na Petrobras. A exemplo da experiência de outros países produtores de petróleo e gás natural, o trabalho se desenvolveu no contexto da regulação do setor, que criou oportunidades de investimentos e impôs desafios à metrologia brasileira. Demandas por medição fiscal de apoio a contratos de transferência de custódia exigiram a introdução de uma legislação específica e o desenvolvimento de procedimentos de avaliação da conformidade do gás natural, promissor insumo na matriz energética brasileira. O trabalho desenvolveu-se de acordo com a seguinte metodologia: (i) revisão das melhores práticas laboratoriais e dos modelos de padronização em uso por conceituados Institutos Nacionais de Metrologia de países produtores de petróleo e gás e (ii) na interpretação dos procedimentos de harmonização dos valores de referência utilizados pelos institutos nacionais de metrologia estudados. Dentre os resultados do estudo destaca-se a caracterização das cadeias de rastreabilidade para medição de vazão de gás natural em alta pressão em uso por institutos nacionais de metrologia que acordaram harmonizar seus valores de referência (PTB/Alemanha, LNE/França, NMi/Holanda). Disponibiliza-se, assim, um acervo de informações relevantes que poderá subsidiar a estruturação de um sistema de padronização primária no País. Como conclusão, o trabalho propõe a implementação de um modelo de poadronização primária para medição de vazão volumétrica de gás natural no Brasil. / [en] The objective of this Master dissertation in metrology is to contribute for structuring the Brazilian traceability chain for flow measurement of natural gas at high pressure, based on successful experiences of national metrology laboratories of highly industrialized countries. The study takes into account the primary standardization and harmonization of reference measurement standards. The lack of an adequate infrastructure for primary standardization of volumetric flow measurement of natural gas in Brazil was a motivation motivation for Petrobras to invest substantially to overcome this important vulnerability, thus contributing to the establishment of the metrological control in the gas sector. The choice of the research project was also motivated by the author`s personal interest to contribute to the advance knowledge in an area that he has been working for many years at Petrobras. Following the experience of other oil and gas producing countries, this project was developed in the context of the regulation for the sector creating opportunities for investment on quality infrastructure, imposing challenges for the Brazilian metrology. The need to implement a measuring fiscal scheme to support contracts for custody transfer required a specific legislation and the development of procedures for conformity assessment of natural gas. The work was developed in accordance with the following methodology: (i) review of best practices and models of laboratory standardization in use by authoritative national institutes of metrology of oil and gas producing countries and (ii) interpretation of procedures for harmonization of reference values used by the National Metrology Institutes studied. The main results obtained is the characterization of the traceability chain associated with natural gas for measurement at high pressure in use by European national metrology institutes (PTB/Germany, LNE/France, NMi/Netherlands) which have agreed to harmonize their reference values. Strategic information is then made available that could subsidize the structuring of a system of primary standardization of flow measurement in Brazil. In conclusion, this work has suggested a metrological scheme for implementing a sound gas flow measurement metrology primary standardization.

[pt] Anualmente, mais de 100 bilhões de metros cúbicos de gás são queimados mundialmente em flares nas instalações de petróleo e gás natural. Esse número era ainda maior a alguns anos atrás. No passado, o holofote estava sobre o petróleo e o gás natural era visto como uma fonte de energia não rentável. A preocupação mundial com o aquecimento global impulsionou as ações para redução das emissões de gases causadores do efeito estufa. A crescente mobilização dos órgãos reguladores de diversos países para imposição de restrições de queima e ventilação do gás natural vem contribuindo para a melhoria dos índices de aproveitamento do gás associado. Muito embora já tenha havido um avanço relevante, o montante de gás desperdiçado ainda precisa ser reduzido. Neste contexto, a necessidade de se quantificar corretamente os volumes desperdiçados de gás fica evidente. As ações para redução da queima ou ventilação de gás natural se baseiam fortemente em medições precisas. O reflexo disto são as constantes publicações de diretrizes regulatórias voltadas para as medições de vazão de gás dos sistemas de alívio/tocha. Apesar da medição de gás de flare não ser uma técnica nova, ela ainda é considerada desafiadora e bem diferente das demais aplicações de medição de vazão. A natureza imprevisível da queima de gás natural, associada a instalações inadequadas, torna a medição extremamente difícil e complexa. O presente trabalho traz uma visão geral da queima de gás natural, da regulação do tema no Brasil e no mundo e das características e desafios da medição de gás de flare. Adicionalmente, foram feitos estudos de incerteza sobre os volumes diários medidos nos pontos fiscais de gás de uma instalação típica, de forma a analisar a influência da incerteza da medição do gás de tocha sobre a incerteza da produção mensal de gás natural, que é a base de cálculo para as devidas participações governamentais. Também foram calculadas as diferenças obtidas entre a medição indireta (balanço volumétrico de gás) e a medição direta (medição ultrassônica) da queima de gás natural e as incertezas relacionadas à medição indireta. / [en] Annually, more than 100 billion cubic meters of gas are flared from upstream oil and gas facilities. This number was even higher a few years ago. In the past, the spotlight was on oil and natural gas was seen as a non-profitable source of energy. The worldwide concern over global warming spurred actions to reduce emissions of greenhouses effect gases, contributing to change the scenario above. The increased mobilization of regulators from many countries enforcing gas flaring and venting restrictions has contributed to the improvement of gas use. However, although some progress has been already achieved, the amount of wasted gas still needs to be reduced. In this context, the need to correctly quantify the volumes of gas flared is evident. Actions to reduce the flaring or venting of natural gas rely heavily on accurate measurements. This reflects on the rigorous flare measurement guidelines introduced by many countries to support flaring legislation. Although the flare gas measurement is not a new technique, it is still considered a challenging task and quite unique compared to other flow measurement applications. The unpredictable nature of the flaring, many times happening at inadequate facility, makes measuring it extremely difficult and complex. This work provides an overview of gas flaring, regulatory requirements in Brazil and worldwide and the characteristics and challenges of flare gas measurement. In addition, uncertainty studies were made over the daily volumes measured in the fiscal points of a typical installation, in order to analyze the influence of the uncertainty of flared gas measurement on the uncertainty of monthly gas production, which is the basis for calculating the government takes. The differences obtained between the gas flaring indirect measurement (bydifference method) and direct measurement (ultrasonic measurement) were also calculated, as well as the uncertainties related to the indirect measurement.

A cirurgia de restauração circulatória arterial no paciente portador de isquemia crítica de membros inferiores apresenta indicações clínicas e técnica operatória já bastante estudadas e definidas. Ainda hoje, no entanto, um considerável número de enxertos evolui para oclusão. Entre as causas relacionadas à falência precoce, podemos destacar a resistência do leito distal receptor do enxerto. Interessou-nos estudar a existência de correlação hemodinâmica entre a Ecografia-Doppler, a Arteriografia pré-operatória, e medidas diretas intra-operatórias de resistência do leito arterial receptor do enxerto. Foram estudadas 68 operações de revascularização de membros inferiores portadores de isquemia crítica. A Ecografia-Doppler foi considerada tecnicamente satisfatória em 93,2%. Foi verificada a presença de correlação hemodinâmica positiva entre os métodos descritos acima (Teste de Pearson), particularmente para as artérias distais. Concluímos que a Ecografia-Doppler, além de definir as características anatômicas da artéria a ser revascularizada, pode auxiliar no estudo hemodinâmico do leito arterial receptor do enxerto e dessa forma auxiliar na definição do prognóstico do enxerto e no estabelecimento da melhor estratégia terapêutica a ser tomada ainda no período pré-operatório / The clinical indications and the surgical technique regarding arterial revascularization in patients with critical lower limb ischemia have been thoroughly studied and well determined in the literature. However, a considerable number of grafts evolutes to occlusion even nowadays. Among the factors known to contribute to early graft failure the resistance of the outflow arterial bed stands out. The purpose of this study is to verify Duplex Scanning hemodynamic correlation power with preoperative arteriography and direct intraoperative resistance measurements. Sixty-eight (68) lower limb revascularizations were studied. Preoperative Duplex Scanning was considered satisfactory in 93,2% of the cases. A positive hemodynamic correlation among the methods described above (Pearson\'s correlation test), particularly for distal arteries, has been verified. We conclude that preoperative Duplex Scanning, apart from defining the anatomic characteristics of the artery to be revascularized, can be helpful in the hemodynamic study of the arterial bed receiving the graft, making it easier to establish the graft prognosis and define the best therapeutic strategy to be adopted in the preoperative period.