Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-28T20:29:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TONY CARLOS MOURA CAVALCANTI – TESE (PPGEEI) 2016.pdf: 4469755 bytes, checksum: 884382b3c566b4aca499dc522be900ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T20:29:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TONY CARLOS MOURA CAVALCANTI – TESE (PPGEEI) 2016.pdf: 4469755 bytes, checksum: 884382b3c566b4aca499dc522be900ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / CNPq / O objetivo neste trabalho é propor um sistema para a hidrometria na faixa de submedição utilizando a anemometria térmica. O objetivo de medir vazão está presente em muitos campos da ciência, sendo necessário sabermos quais os valores de um material foram consumidos com o menor erro possível. Na primeira parte da pesquisa foram realizadas simulações em ambiente multifísico para identificar as condições de trabalho e possíveis pontos de localização do sensor. Para poder usar o sensor, é necessário conhecer valores limítrofes de trabalho do mesmo, ou seja, a faixa de operação, indicando assim a vazão mínima e máxima de operação do sensor anemométrico. Portanto, na segunda etapa do trabalho, foi proposta uma plataforma com um sistema de bombeamento para testar o sistema de medição proposto. A plataforma foi construída de modo a permitir que um fluído flua através de uma tubulação e, assim, determinar qual é a velocidade do fluído e, portanto, a vazão. / The objective of this work is to propose a system for the hydrometry in the sub-measurement range using thermal anemometry. The objective of measuring flow is present in many fields of science, it is necessary to know what values of a material were performed using COMSOL software to identify working conditions and maximum flow rate of the anemometric sensor. Therefore, in the second stage of the work, a platform with a pumping system was proposed in order to test the proposed measurement system. The platform was constructed so as to allow a fluid to flow through a pipeline, and thereby determine what the velocity of the fluid, and hence the flow, is.

Técnicas não-intrusivas de medição de vazão constituem uma necessidade crescente em diversas aplicações. Atualmente, diversos estudos têm sido realizados com o objetivo de desenvolver técnicas de medição não-intrusivas que possam suprir as deficiências das técnicas existentes. Este trabalho visa desenvolver um medidor de vazão baseado no princípio de convecção forçada (termal) não-intrusivo inteligente. O medidor utiliza dois transdutores RTD comerciais do tipo PT100, um aquecido, que é responsável pela medição da velocidade de escoamento, e o outro utilizado como referência de set-point de temperatura do sensor aquecido. Uma Rede Neural é responsável por corrigir os erros de medição do instrumento. Para a avaliação do medidor construído, foi desenvolvida uma bancada de realização de ensaios, possibilitando a variação da vazão e temperatura na seção de teste. Com o intuito de prover a bancada de uma referência para comparação, foi instalado também um medidor do tipo Venturi normalizado segundo a ABNT. / Non-intrusive techniques of flow measurement are very useful in several applications. Nowadays, several studies have been conducted to develop non-intrusive measuring techniques that can overcome the shortcomings of the existing ones. This work aims to design an intelligent non-intrusive flow meter device based on the forced heat convection principle (thermal). This device uses two commercial RTD transducers (PT100), one is used as reference of temperature set-point, and the other is responsible for the flow measurement. A neural network is responsible for correcting the errors in relation to the calibration standard. To evaluate the intelligent flow meter, test bench was built. In order to provide another flow meter to compare the results, an ABNT Venturi type flow meter was installed in the test bench.

L’interférométrie par retro-injection optique (OFI) est une technique de détection émergente pour les systèmes fluidiques. Son principe est basé sur la modulation de la puissance et/ou de la tension de polarisation d’une diode laser induites par interférence entre le faisceau propre de la cavité laser et la lumière réfléchie ou rétro-diffusée par une cible distante. Grâce à l’effet Doppler, cette technique permet de mesurer précisément la vitesse de particules en mouvement dans un fluide, et de répondre aux besoins croissants de mesure de débit dans les systèmes d’analyse biomédicale ou chimique.Dans cette thèse, les performances de la vélocimétrie par rétro-injection optique sont étudiées théoriquement et expérimentalement pour le cas de micro-canaux fluidiques. Un nouveau modèle numérique multi-physique (optique, optoélectronique et fluidique) est développé pour reproduire les spectres Doppler expérimentaux. En particulier, les effets de la concentration en particules, de la distribution angulaire de la diffusion du laser par les particules, ainsi que du profil d’écoulement dans le canal sont pris en compte. Un bon accord est obtenu entre les vitesses d’écoulement théoriques et expérimentales. Ce modèle est également appliqué avec succès à la mesure de la vitesse locale dans un micro-canal et à l’analyse de l’impact sur le signal des configurations particulières de canal. Enfin, la conception d’un capteur OFI tirant parti des avantages des Lasers à Cavité Verticale à Emission par la Surface (VCSEL) est proposée. Grâce au développement de techniques de microfabrication à base de matériaux polymères, un premier démonstrateur composé d’un VCSEL à lentille intégrée est réalisé et testé sans aucune optique macroscopique additionnelle. Les résultats obtenus en termes de mesure de flux sur des canaux micro-fluidiques de tailles différentes valident l’intérêt de cette approche et ouvrent la voie vers la réalisation de capteurs OFI ultra-compacts. / Optical feedback interferometry (OFI) is an emerging sensing technique which has been studied in fluidic systems. This sensing scheme is based on the modulation of the laser emission output power and/or the junction voltage induced by the interaction between the back-scattered light from a distant target and the laser inner cavity light. Thanks to the Doppler Effect, OFI can precisely measure the velocity of seeding particles in flowing liquids which is much required in chemical engineering and biomedical fields. In the present thesis, optical feedback interferometry performance for microscale flow sensing is studied theoretically and experimentally. A new numerical modeling approach based on multi-physics numerical simulations for OFI signal simulation in the micro-scale flowmetry configuration is presented that highlight the sensor performances. In this model, many factors are involved such as particle concentration and laser-particle scattering angle distribution and flow velocity distribution. The flow rate measurement shows good agreement with the modeling. The implementation of OFI based sensors in multiple fluidic systems, investigating the impact of the fluidic chip specific configuration on the sensor signal.Finally, a compact OFI flowmetry sensor based on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) using micro optical fabrication techniques is demonstrated as well. The simulation method for the design and the microfabrication procedures are detailed. After an evaluation of the experimental results, the capabilities of this new OFI sensor in microfluidic measurements are emphasized, thus demonstrating an open path towards ultra-compact microfluidic systems based on the OFI sensing technique.

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o desempenho metrológico e o potencial de aplicação do medidor tipo v-cone para medição de vazão de gás natural em condições de gás úmido. Observa-se que os medidores do tipo placa de orifício, geralmente utilizados na medição de vazão de gás no segmento de Exploração e Produção (E e P), podem não representar a tecnologia mais adequada. O medidor v-cone representa uma tecnologia relativamente recente, que vem demonstrando bom desempenho para a medição de vazão e vem ganhando aceitação de órgãos reguladores. O interesse e a motivação do pesquisador residem na busca de maior exatidão na medição de vazão em condições operacionais adversas (gás úmido não especificado), sem impacto significativo sobre o custo do sistema. O presente trabalho, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, apresenta o estágio atual de desenvolvimento da tecnologia de medição por v-cone e detalha as características dos sistemas de medição de vazão de gás natural, além de abordar as normas e regulamentos relacionados ao tema em questão. A fase experimental busca avaliar o desempenho do medidor por meio de uma investigação empírica realizada em laboratório, simulando condições de gás úmido encontradas em campo. Essa análise envolve também a determinação de erros e incertezas de medição. A pesquisa realizada, em conjunto com a avaliação dos resultados dos testes e das correlações utilizadas, demonstra que o medidor v-cone apresenta boa confiabilidade na medição de vazão de gás natural em escoamento de gás úmido, podendo ser utilizado em aplicações encontradas no segmento de E e P. / [en] The aim of this study is to evaluate the metrological performance and potential of use of the v-cone type meter for measuring the natural gas flow rate under wet gas conditions. The orifice plate type meters, that are usually used to measure the gas flow rate in the Exploration and Production segment (E and P), may not represent the most appropriate technology. The v-cone meter represents a relatively recent technology, which has shown good performance for the flow rate measurement and is gaining acceptance from the regulators. The interest and motivation of the researcher are related to the quest for greater flow rate measurement accuracy in adverse operating conditions (unspecified wet gas), with no significant impact on the cost of the system. This work, through a literature and documentary search, presents the current stage of development of the v-cone flow rate measurement technology and details the characteristics of natural gas flow rate measurement systems, in addition to addressing the standards and regulations relating to the subject. The experimental phase aims to evaluate the meter performance through an empirical research conducted in laboratory, by simulating wet gas conditions found in the field. This analysis also involves the determination of measurement errors and uncertainties. The research and the evaluation of test results and correlations show that the v-cone meter has good reliability in natural gas flow rate measurement under wet gas conditions, allowing it to be used in applications found in E and P.

CAPES / Além de estarem presentes na natureza, os escoamentos bifásicos possuem ampla aplicação industrial, sendo encontrados nas áreas química, nuclear, de geração de energia, petrolífera e espacial, onde escoamentos do tipo gás-líquido são os mais comuns. Eles são caracterizados pelo fluxo de duas substâncias imiscíveis, denominadas fases, em um sistema. A caracterização e o estudo destes escoamentos são importantes tanto na realização de projetos, quanto no monitoramento e controle de plantas aonde eles ocorrem. Um dos parâmetros utilizados na caracterização é a fração de vazio, que indica a proporção de gás em escoamentos gás liquido. As fases de um escoamento possuem diferentes propriedades elétricas, como condutividade e permissividade. Dessa forma, caso placas condutoras sejam dispostas ao redor de uma tubulação, pode ser formado um capacitor cuja capacitância dependa das características da mistura que escoa. O objetivo desta dissertação é o desenvolvimento de um sensor capacitivo não invasivo para determinação de fração de vazio em escoamentos bifásicos. Este trabalho apresenta a montagem dos eletrodos, o desenvolvimento de um hardware para detecção de variações na capacitância dos eletrodos e o desenvolvimento de um software para leitura das medições do hardware. A resposta do sensor desenvolvido não depende apenas da proporção volumétrica das fases em seu interior, mas também do padrão de escoamento, ou seja, da forma como elas estão distribuídas. Devido a isso, a resposta do sensor foi avaliada para diversos padrões de escoamento através de simulações do campo elétrico pelo método dos elementos finitos. Com base nos resultados das simulações e nas medidas da eletrônica desenvolvida, valores de fração de vazio foram obtidos para escoamentos ar água em bancadas de teste. Resultados obtidos mostram o bom desempenho do sistema capacitivo desenvolvido, o qual pode ser aplicado em estudos aprofundados do escoamento bifásico. / Two-phase flows are not only present in environmental phenomena such as clouds, but are found widespread in industrial applications. Such flows may be described as the stream of two immiscible substances, called phases, in a pipe or vessel. Most usual type of flow is gas-liquid flow and it can be found in chemical, nuclear, power generation, petroleum, and space industry. The study and characterization of such flows are important both in the realization of projects as in the monitoring and control of the facilities in which they occur. An important parameter in flow characterization is the void fraction, which indicates the volumetric amount of gas in gas-liquid flows. The gaseous and liquid phases in a flow usually present different electric properties, such as conductivity and permittivity. If electrodes are arranged around a pipe, they may form a capacitor whose capacitance depend upon the flowing mixture properties and their spatial distribution. The main goal of this work is to develop a non-invasive capacitive probe for void fraction determination in two-phase flow. It describes the assembly of the electrodes, the development of hardware for capacitance measurement, and the development of software that provides access to the measurement data obtained by the hardware. The response of capacitive sensors depends not only on void fraction values, but also on the flow pattern, that is, on the way that phases are distributed inside the pipe. Due to this fact, electric field simulations of the sensor’s response at different flow patterns were performed. Based on the results of the simulations and on the measurement results, void fraction values for air-water flow at controlled conditions was calculated and comparatively evaluated. The results obtained show the good performance of developed capacitive probe which may now be deployed in two-phase flow studies.

Orientador: Ana Ines Borri Genovez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T04:58:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martim_AndreLuisSoteroSalustiano_M.pdf: 5209979 bytes, checksum: cd531521e2ae52a28d5dcfc9952e9dd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Martim, André Luís Sotero Salustiano. Avaliação do Desempenho de um Medidor de Vazão Eletromagnético em Situações Práticas Reais de Instalação. Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2005. 182 páginas. Dissertação. A busca do melhor aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos é uma característica permanente nas políticas atuais, e o gerenciamento de recursos hídricos implica no equacionamento entre a vazão disponível e a vazão de demanda, ou seja, na medição de vazão. A partir de 2004 os usuários de recursos hídricos são obrigados a declarar os volumes de água captados, é a declaração anual de uso de recursos hídricos. A qualidade da vazão medida depende das técnicas de medição, e um dos principais fatores intervenientes é a condição de instalação do medidor. A avaliação de um medidor eletromagnético de vazão em condições práticas de instalação foi desenvolvida experimentalmente neste trabalho. O medidor de vazão eletromagnético utilizado foi instalado em quatro situações diferentes e os valores de vazão obtidos foram comparados com os de dois medidores instalados adequadamente, um medidor Venturi e um medidor Ultra-sônico. Os ensaios foram desenvolvidos em uma bancada no Laboratório de Hidráulica e Mecânica dos Fluidos da Faculdade de Engenharia Civil da Unicamp. Para a configuração com o medidor eletromagnético instalado à jusante de uma curva 900 de raio curto, o desvio máximo foi de 0,742% com uma incerteza de 0,27%. Para a configuração com o medidor eletromagnético instalado à jusante de duas curvas 900 de raio curto, o desvio máximo foi de 0,447% com uma incerteza de 0,74%. Para a configuração com o medidor eletromagnético instalado à jusante de uma válvula de gaveta, com 50% de abertura, o desvio máximo foi de -2,046% e uma incerteza de 0,50%. Os resultados obtidos mostram claramente que a condição de instalação do medidor frente às singularidades da tubulação afetam sua performance. Os valores de desvio de indicação podem ser considerados baixos ou altos, dependendo da exatidão exigida do medidor dentro do sistema / Abstract: Martim, André Luís Sotero Salustiano. Evaluation of the performance of an electromagnetic flowmeter in real practical situations of installation. Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2005. The search of the best utilization of the water resources is a permanent characteristic in the current politics, and the management of water resources implies in the balance equally between the available flow and the flow of demand, or either, in the flow measurement. From 2004 the users of water resources are obliged to declare the caught volumes of water, is the annual declaration of use of water resources. The quality of the measured flow depends on the measurement techniques, and one of the main intervening factors is the condition of installation of the flowmeter. The evaluation of an electromagnetic flowmeter in practical conditions of installation was developed experimentally in this work. The electromagnetic flowmeter was installed in four different situations and the gotten values of flow measurement had been compared with the ones of two flowmeters installed adequately, an Venturi fi owmete r and an Ultrasonic flowmeter. The evaluation had been developed in a work-bench in the Laboratory of Hidraulical and Mechanic of fluid of the College of Civil Engineering of the Unicamp. For the configuration with the electromagnetic flowmeter installed downstream of a 90° elbow of short ray, the maximum deviation was of 0,742% with a 0,27% uncertainty. For the configuration with the electromagnetic flowmeter installed downstream of a two 90° elbow of short ray, the maximum deviation was of 0,447% with a 0,74% uncertainty. For the configuration with the installed electromagnetic flowmeter downstream a drawer valve, with 50% of opening, the maximum deviation was of a -2,046% and uncertainty of 0,50%. The gotten results show clearly that the condition of installation of the flowmeter front to the singularity of the tubing affects its performance. The values of deviation indication can be considered low or high, depending on the demanded accuracy of the flowmeter inside of the system / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

A cirurgia de restauração circulatória arterial no paciente portador de isquemia crítica de membros inferiores apresenta indicações clínicas e técnica operatória já bastante estudadas e definidas. Ainda hoje, no entanto, um considerável número de enxertos evolui para oclusão. Entre as causas relacionadas à falência precoce, podemos destacar a resistência do leito distal receptor do enxerto. Interessou-nos estudar a existência de correlação hemodinâmica entre a Ecografia-Doppler, a Arteriografia pré-operatória, e medidas diretas intra-operatórias de resistência do leito arterial receptor do enxerto. Foram estudadas 68 operações de revascularização de membros inferiores portadores de isquemia crítica. A Ecografia-Doppler foi considerada tecnicamente satisfatória em 93,2%. Foi verificada a presença de correlação hemodinâmica positiva entre os métodos descritos acima (Teste de Pearson), particularmente para as artérias distais. Concluímos que a Ecografia-Doppler, além de definir as características anatômicas da artéria a ser revascularizada, pode auxiliar no estudo hemodinâmico do leito arterial receptor do enxerto e dessa forma auxiliar na definição do prognóstico do enxerto e no estabelecimento da melhor estratégia terapêutica a ser tomada ainda no período pré-operatório / The clinical indications and the surgical technique regarding arterial revascularization in patients with critical lower limb ischemia have been thoroughly studied and well determined in the literature. However, a considerable number of grafts evolutes to occlusion even nowadays. Among the factors known to contribute to early graft failure the resistance of the outflow arterial bed stands out. The purpose of this study is to verify Duplex Scanning hemodynamic correlation power with preoperative arteriography and direct intraoperative resistance measurements. Sixty-eight (68) lower limb revascularizations were studied. Preoperative Duplex Scanning was considered satisfactory in 93,2% of the cases. A positive hemodynamic correlation among the methods described above (Pearson\'s correlation test), particularly for distal arteries, has been verified. We conclude that preoperative Duplex Scanning, apart from defining the anatomic characteristics of the artery to be revascularized, can be helpful in the hemodynamic study of the arterial bed receiving the graft, making it easier to establish the graft prognosis and define the best therapeutic strategy to be adopted in the preoperative period.

When an electrically conducting fluid moves through a magnetic field, fluid mechanics and electromagnetism are coupled.<p>This interaction is the object of magnetohydrodynamics, a discipline which covers a wide range of applications, from electromagnetic processing to plasma- and astro-physics.<p><p>In this dissertation, the attention is restricted to turbulent liquid metal flows, typically encountered in steel and aluminium industries. Velocity measurements in such flows are extremely challenging because liquid metals are opaque, hot and often corrosive. Therefore, non-intrusive measurement devices are essential. One of them is the Lorentz force flowmeter. Its working principle is based on the generation of a force acting on a charge, which moves in a magnetic field. Recent studies have demonstrated that this technique can measure efficiently the mean velocity of a liquid metal. In the existing devices, however, the measurement depends on the electrical conductivity of the fluid. <p><p>In this work, a novel version of this technique is developed in order to obtain measurements that are independent of the electrical conductivity. This is particularly appealing for metallurgical applications, where the conductivity often fluctuates in time and space. The study is entirely numerical and uses a flexible computational method, suitable for industrial flows. In this framework, the cost of numerical simulations increases drastically with the level of turbulence and the geometry complexity. Therefore, the simulations are commonly unresolved. Large eddy simulations are then very promising, since they introduce a subgrid model to mimic the dynamics of the unresolved turbulent eddies. <p><p>The first part of this dissertation focuses on the quality and reliability of unresolved numerical simulations. The attention is drawn on the ambiguity that may arise when interpretating the results. Owing to coarse resolutions, numerical errors affect the performances of the discrete model, which in turn looses its physical meaning. In this work, a novel implementation of the turbulent strain rate appearing in the models is proposed. As opposed to its usual discretisation, the present strain rate is in accordance with the discrete equations of motion. Two types of flow are considered: decaying turbulence located far from boundaries, and turbulent flows between two parallel and infinite walls. Particular attention is given to the balance of resolved kinetic energy, in order to assess the role of the model.<p><p>The second part of this dissertation deals with a novel version of Lorentz force flowmeters, consisting in one or two coils placed around a circular pipe. The forces acting on each coil are recorded in time as the liquid metal flows through the pipe. It is highlighted that the auto- or cross-correlation of these forces can be used to determine the flowrate. The reliability of the flowmeter is first investigated with a synthetic velocity profile associated to a single vortex ring, which is convected at a constant speed. This configuration is similar to the movement of a solid rod and enables a simple analysis of the flowmeter. Then, the flowmeter is applied to a realistic three-dimensional turbulent flow. In both cases, the influence of the geometrical parameters of the coils is systematically assessed. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Examensarbetet har utförts hos RotoSub AB i Linköping. RotoSub fokuserar på innovativa lösningar inom brusreducering för fläktar och är även utvecklingspartner med det österrikiska företaget Noctua, som utvecklar och tillverkar kompaktfläktar och processorkylare inom elektronikbranschen. Under examensarbetet har en flödestestkammare för kompaktfläktar utvecklats och tillverkats. Testkammaren utnyttjar ett högupplöst motstånd som ger möjlighet till ett flertal driftpunkter för att konstruera detaljerade fläktkurvor. Detta låter RotoSub noggrant analysera och undersöka fläktkaraktäristiken under utvecklingsstadiet. I rapporten undersöks två metoder för att bestämma luftflödet genom testkammaren. Däribland en känd geometri i form av munstycken, enligt den amerikanska standarden ANSI/AMCA 210-16 samt utnyttjandet av en varmtrådsanemometer. Vidare undersöks alternativ för att konstruera ett högupplöst motstånd med hög pålitlighet och repeterbarhet, samt en tryckmätningsmetod som tillåter en jämn avläsning av det statiskatrycket som testfläkten ger upphov till. Under utvecklingen tillverkades prototyper där koncept testades och utvärderades, innan slutprodukten kunde modelleras i ett CAD-program för att slutligen tillverkas fysiskt. Slutprodukten tillverkades huvudsakligen i styren-akrylnitril (SAN) samt ett fåtal komponenter i polylaktid (PLA) och aluminium. Testkammaren använder sig av en tryckring med fyra tryckportar, en varmtrådsanemometer för att mäta luftflödet samt en roterande skiva som drivs av en stegmotor för att högupplöst variera motståndet i testkammaren. Testkammaren har visat sig kapabel att konstruera fläktkurvor för samtliga fläktstorlekar undersökta under arbetet med god repeterbarhet. Vidare arbete finns gällande tätning, då ett visst läckage finns i testkammaren vilket ger ett systematiskt fel i fläktkurvorna vid låga flöden där maximalt statiskt tryck inte kan uppnås. / This undergraduate thesis has been carried out at RotoSub AB in Linköping, Sweden. RotoSub develop innovative solutions for noise-reduction in fans. RotoSub are also development partners to the Austrian company Noctua, who design and develop fans and processor coolers for the electronics industry. During the thesis a compact airflow test chamber has been designed and constructed. The test chamber utilises a high-resolution load to measure and create a fan curve. The high-resolution load ensures that a large amount of operating points can be measured, which gives RotoSub the opportunity to closely analyse the characteristics of the fan being tested. In this thesis two different methods of measuring the airflow through the test chamber have been studied. Firstly a method of using nozzles to calculate the flow according to the standard ANSI/AMCA 210-16. Secondly the use of hot-wire anemometry to measure the airflow through the test chamber. Methods of measuring static pressure behind the test fan with high accuracy and stable readings have also been studied. Different high-resolution loads have been studied to ensure high repeatability and reliability. During the development phase, prototypes of the different components were created to allow for testing and evaluation before a final design was chosen. After the designs for each component was decided, the final design was modelled in CAD before being fabricated and constructed. The construction mostly utilises styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) but with certain components made from polylactic acid (PLA) and aluminium. Pressure readings are taken behind the fan being tested using static ports placed on the outside of a hollow diffuser, mounted on the inlet of the test chamber. The hollow diffuser is filled with foam to stabilise the pressure readings. The chosen method of measuring airflow through the test chamber was hot-wire anemometry for its broad measurement range, high accuracy and simplicity in implementation. The design of the high-resolution load was chosen to be a rotating gate with two ports. As the gate rotates these ports openor close. The rotating gate is driven by a stepper-motor. This design allowed for very fine control at high loads and ensures reliable operation with a minimal amount of moving parts. Tests with the finished test chamber have shown that the test chamber is capable of measuring and creating high-resolution fan curves with high repeatability. However the test chamber cannot measure static pressure at zero flow as there are currently leaks within the test chamber that allows a small amount of flow through the chamber when the variable load is fully closed. This leads to a systematic error when creatingfan curves, mainly at lower flow rates and higher static pressures. Further work with this test chamber is needed to reduce leaks, which would improve measurement precision.

Diploma’s thesis is focused on analysis of the time changes of calibration characteristics independent type of current-meters, processing by the calibration data and their evaluation and subsequent comparison with related research. This thesis describes the proces of calibration of current-meters.