Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-06-16T17:46:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 determinantes_investimento.pdf: 1817360 bytes, checksum: 8e1d8e7705d5a3ec3054be14b1dc0e41 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-16T17:46:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 determinantes_investimento.pdf: 1817360 bytes, checksum: 8e1d8e7705d5a3ec3054be14b1dc0e41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-21 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O presente trabalho trata de um modelo econométrico de dados em painel para os investimentos estrangeiros diretos (IEDs) na América Latina (AL), compreendendo o período 2000-2011. O objetivo inicial é averiguar o grau do impacto de oito determinantes macroeconômicos de dezesseis economias da América Latina e o efeito da crise do subprime no fluxo de investimentos para essa região. O objetivo secundário é realizar a revisão teórica de três teorias sobre o investimento direto estrangeiro - a teoria de Ciclo de Produto, a teoria da Organização Industrial e o Paradigma Eclético -, além da revisão bibliográfica de 14 estudos empíricos sobre o IED na AL e no mundo. Para tanto, empregou-se uma metodologia de dados em painel. O teste de Hausman foi aplicado e constatou-se uma modelagem em painel de efeitos fixos. Por meio da testagem empírica, constatou-se uma mudança do modelo inicial - houve uma redução de oito para sete variáveis de impacto, com a saída da variável absorção interna (ABS) - e a retirada das variáveis dummies de controle da crise de 2008. O modelo final teve o controle de heterocedasticidade com o estimador "robust" na matriz dos resíduos estimados. O resultado final do exercício econométrico apresentou significância estatística de 1% para a variável PIB, 8,6% para a variável de taxa de câmbio real e de 5,1% para a variável inflação. As variáveis, taxa de crescimento do PIB, mão de obra, produtividade e grau de abertura não tiveram resultados robustos. Com esses resultados, conclui-se que existe a busca de mercado (market seeking), sendo este o critério básico para as empresas multinacionais escolherem a América Latina como praça para seus respectivos investimentos. / This paper is an econometric model of panel data for foreign direct investment (FDI) in Latin America (LA), covering the period 2000-2011. The initial goal is to determine the degree of the impact of eight macroeconomic determinants of sixteen Latin American economies and the effect of the subprime crisis on investment flows to the region. The secondary objective is to realize the theoretical review of three theories of foreign direct investment - the theory of Product Cycle, the theory of industrial organization and the Eclectic Paradigm - in addition to literature review of 14 empirical studies on FDI in Latin America and in the world . To this end, we used a methodology of panel data. The Hausman test was applied and it was found in a modeling panel fixed effects. Through empirical testing, we observed a change of the initial model - was reduced from eight to seven variables impact, with the output of the variable internal absorption (ABS) - and the removal of dummy variables to control the crisis of 2008. The final model had control of the estimator with heteroscedasticity "robust" in the matrix of the estimated residuals. The end result of the econometric exercise showed statistical significance of 1% for the variable GDP, 8.6% for variable real exchange rate and of 5.1% for the variable inflation. The variable rate of GDP growth, labor, productivity and openness were not robust results. With these results, we conclude that there is the search market (market seeking), which is the basic criterion for multinational companies to choose Latin America as square to their respective investments.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:58:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alvaro Alves de Moura Junior.pdf: 1283736 bytes, checksum: 40acd68a8c26c9b4cbaab6a7ba520e08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-20 / This thesis aims to analyze the impact of the Brazilian economic liberalization process between 1990 and 2002. It focuses on an account of the flows of foreign direct investment (henceforth: FDI) in the period under scrutiny. Its departure point is the view that the foregoing process offers evidence for a new mode of foreign insertion grounded on the political and economic agenda of globalization. More precisely, it advances a perspective built on the conceptual category of capitalist imperialism (HARVEY, 2005) that presupposes a complex arrangement between the State polity, the Empire and the capital accumulation process. In order to undertake the proposed task, it draws on a survey of the theoretical debate over globalization and its impact on the international system. The purpose is to contribute to an improved understanding of how Brazil is positioned within the context. Furthermore, the current work develops a broad explanatory analysis involving foreign as well as Brazilian trade and financial flows. As a result of such new stage of the Brazilian society, it argues for the idea that the adoption of liberalization principles (specifically with regard to internationalization of production) had not only affected negatively the income and employment but enables a reversed income flow (profits, dividends, royalties, intercompany interest) incompatible with the export capabilities of the involved sectors, which in turn might be conducive to challenges to external accounts and eventually hurt political autonomy of the nation / Esta tese tem como objetivo analisar o impacto do processo de liberalização econômica no Brasil entre os anos de 1990 e 2002, enfatizando os fluxos de Investimento Estrangeiro Direto (IED), que no período em questão representou uma das principais evidências do novo modo de inserção internacional do país, que se baseou na internalização da agenda política e econômica da globalização. Tal perspectiva estará baseada na categoria de imperialismo capitalista (HARVEY, 2005), que pressupõe um complexo arranjo entre a política do Estado e do império e o processo de acumulação de capital. Para tanto, basearse- á numa revisão bibliográfica acerca do debate teórico da globalização, e o seu impacto sobre o sistema internacional, de tal modo que se possa empreender uma análise de como o Brasil se insere nesse contexto. Além disso, o presente trabalho também contará com uma ampla análise explanatória, envolvendo os fluxos de comércio e financeiro internacionais e do Brasil. Como resultado dessa nova fase da sociedade brasileira, considera-se que a adoção dos princípios liberalizantes, especificamente no que tange à internacionalização da produção, além de ter afetado negativamente a renda e o emprego, também tem viabilizado um fluxo de renda reversa (lucros, dividendos, royalties, juros intercompanhias) incompatível com a capacidade exportadora dos setores envolvidos, fato que não apenas ressoa sobre as contas externas, mas também pode afetar parte da autonomia política do país

L'Algérie a engagé une politique de libéralisation de son économie et cherche à intégrer l’économie mondiale pour sortir de sa dépendance des hydrocarbures et diversifier son économie. Une politique incitative est mise en place pour accueillir les investissements direct étrangers qui constituent un enjeu majeur pour l’accroissement des échanges, le transfert de technologie, la mise à niveau des sociétés locales et la création d’emploi. D’un autre côté la mise en place d’une économie de marché exige un environnement juridique efficace et stable qui définit clairement les droits et obligations des opérateurs économiques notamment en matière de conclusion de contrats. Le cadre théorique que nous retenons pour répondre à cette question est l’analyse de la place des conventions fiscales dans l’ordre fiscal algérien et sa corrélation avec la politique de promotion des investissements. Les conventions fiscales sont telles réellement au service de l’investissement ? Pour ce faire nous avons mis en exergue tout au long de nos développements l’examen des conventions fiscales à l’épreuve des contrats internationaux permettant d’améliorer la lisibilité et la transparence de la norme fiscale afin de favoriser l’attractivité du territoire / Algeria has initiated a policy of liberalization of its economy and seeks to integrate the world economy to get out of its dependence on hydrocarbons and diversify its economy. An incentive policy is put in place to accommodate foreign direct investment, which is a major challenge for increased trade, technology transfer, upgrading of local companies andjob creation. On the other hand, the establishment of a market economy requires an effective and stable legal environment that clearly defines the rights and obligations of economic operators, particularly with regard to the conclusion of contracts. The theoretical framework that we use to answer this question is the analysis of the place of conventions and taxes in the Algerian tax system and its correlation with the investment promotion policy. Are the tax conventions really such as to serve the investment? To do this, we have highlighted throughout our development the review of tax treaties to the test of international contracts to improve the legibility and transparency of the tax standard to promote the attractiveness of the territory

L'objet de la thèse est d'étudier le lien entre les différents volets de la vulnérabilité économique, définie selon les termes de Guillaumont, et le niveau d'Investissement Direct Etranger (IDE). Plus précisément, l'objectif des papiers présentés dans la thèse s'articule selon la logique suivante. Tout d'abord, il s'agit de déceler dans le cadre du premier papier les différentes formes de vulnérabilité qui affectent le niveau d'IDE. Dans un second temps, notre analyse se focalise sur le lien avec les traités d'investissements et étudie comment ces traités modifient la relation IDE - Vulnérabilité. Dans un troisième temps, notre focus concerne l'étroite relation qui existe entre l'aide au développement et les IDE, afin de préciser dans quelles mesures l'Aide et les IDE sont intimement liés. Finalement, nous abordons un spectre plus large en étudiant non plus seulement l'investissement mais aussi l'économie en général, avec un travail sur l'influence de l'incertitude de la politique économique sur les variables macroéconomiques. / The aim of the thesis is to analyze to what extent Economic Vulnerability, defined by Guillaumont, affects Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). More precisely, various papers in the thesis follow the current logic. First, It is important to unveil the relationship between various components of economic vulnerability affecting the level of FDI. Second, our analysis focus on how investment treaties modify the link FDI-Vulnerability. Third, focus on the close link between FDI and Official Development Assistance. Finally, We assess a larger spectrum by taking into account how uncertainty resulting from economic policy could affect macroeconomic aggregates.

Orientador: Mário Augusto Bertella / Banca: André Luiz Correa / Banca: Roseli da Silva / Resumo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o processo de internacionalização via investimento direto externo (IDE) das empresas espanholas e coreanas a partir dos anos 90. Para isso, será feita uma revisão das abordagens não convencionais da lógica do investimento direto externo e de seus condicionantes. Ademais, serão tratadas as mudanças nos ambientes macroeconômicos e institucionais desde o pós-guerra e seus impactos sobre as estratégias de concorrência das corporações e dos movimentos de IDE. É a partir deste mapeamento global do IDE que se dará o estudo dos determinantes, das características e da evolução do investimento direto externo das empresas espanholas e coreanas nas décadas de 1990 e 2000 / Abstract: This dissertation aims to analyze the internationalization process through foreign direct investment (FDI) of Spanish and Korean companies since the 90's. For that, it will be made a review of unconventional approaches about the logic of foreign direct investment and its limitations. Moreover, it will be explicited the changes in macroeconomic and institutional environments in the post-war and its impact on the competitive strategies of corporations and FDI flows. It is from this FDI global mapping that it will be studied the determinants, characteristics and evolution of foreign direct investment of Spanish companies and Korea in the past two decades / Mestre

Assimetrias de informação entre países de acolhimento e de origem das empresas constituem um obstáculo significativo aos fluxos comerciais e de investimento através das fronteiras internacionais, levando a uma importante questão política: como os governos podem ajudar as empresas na redução dessa barreira, auxiliando-as no processo de internacionalização? Diante da enorme concorrência no mercado internacional, nota-se que cada vez um número maior de governos encontra nas Agências de Promoção de Exportação e de Investimento (APEIs) um instrumento para o apoio a competitividade das empresas nacionais no mercado global. O papel das APEIs tem gradualmente influenciado os fluxos de mercadorias e capitais em um contexto cada vez mais dinâmico e competitivo entre empresas e países. Mas qual é o impacto da presença da agência (APEI) nos fluxos de comércio e investimento entre os países? Aspectos institucionais influenciam na atuação da agência? A aprendizagem da APEI em um determinado mercado resulta em maior impacto nos fluxos comerciais entre o país de origem da APEI e o país hospedeiro? Com o intuito de responder a essas questões, construiu-se um banco de dados com informações econômicas e institucionais para o Brasil e mais 220 países entre os anos de 1995 a 2015. Os fluxos comerciais e de investimento entre o Brasil e os demais países são as variáveis dependentes do estudo. Além disso, foram coletados dados de 20 agências de promoção de exportação e investimento atuantes no mercado brasileiro. Para a realização da análise optou-se pela adoção de um estimador de painéis dinâmicos com efeito fixo. A utilização de um modelo dinâmico - com uma variável dependente defasada - foi adotada para reduzir potenciais vieses de variáveis omitidas que houvesse em um modelo estático, uma vez que alguns determinantes dos fluxos podem estar relacionados com a criação das agências. Os resultados mostram que o impacto da presença das agências sobre os fluxos não pode ser ignorado, revelando-se estatisticamente significante para fluxos comerciais e de saída de IDE brasileiro. O efeito da aprendizagem da APEI no país hospedeiro também é significante para os fluxos comerciais do país de origem da agência para o país hospedeiro. Os testes indicam um efeito da presença da agência sobre o impacto da distância cultural e geográfica sobre os fluxos. Há diferença de impacto da agência dependendo de a quem ela esteja subordinada dentro do governo. Apontaram-se as limitações desta tese bem como se destacou sugestões de direcionamento de novas pesquisas com o intuito de progredir no conhecimento e dos fatores que afetam o impacto da presença das APEIs sobre os fluxos entre os países. / Information asymmetry between business\' host and home countries establishes a significant hindrance to trade and investment flows across international borders, leading to an important policy question: How can government help businesses to reduce this barrier by providing supporting in the internationalization process? Due to massive competition in the global market, more and more governments have discovered an instrument to boost the competitiveness of domestic enterprises internationally: the Export and Investment Promotion Agencies (EIPA). In the context of increasing dynamics and competitiveness among companies and countries, EIPA have gradually influenced the flow of goods and capital. However, what is the impact of EIPA\'s presence on trade and investment flows between countries? Do institutional aspects have influence in the agency\'s performing? Do EIPA\'s experiences in a specific market result in a greater impact on trade flows between an EIPA\'s home country and its host countries? In order to answer these questions a database of economic and institutional information from Brazil and other 220 countries between the years 1995 and 2015 was elaborated. Trade and investment flows between Brazil and the corresponding countries are the dependent variables of the study. In addition, data were collected from 20 foreign EIPA, which act in the Brazilian market. An estimator of dynamic panel data with fixed effects was used to conduct the analysis. A dynamic panel data model with a lagged dependent variable was used to reduce potential biases of omitted variables in a static model - since some flow determinants could have been related to the creation of the proper EIPA. The results demonstrate that the impact on the flows caused by the presence of EIPA should not be ignored, once the tests reveal such presence as statistically significant for trade flows and Brazilian FDI output. The learning effect of an EIPA in the host country is also significant for the trade flow from the EIPA\'s home country to the host country. The results prove the effect of such presence, changing the impact of cultural and geographic distance. The effect seems to depend also on the organizational subordination of the EIPA within the government. Limitations of this thesis have been pointed out and future research directions have been suggested in order to enhance the knowledge and understanding of the factors that actually affect the impact of EIPA\'s presence on flows between countries.

Durant les dernières décennies, la globalisation de l’économie mondiale s’est non seulement développée à une vitesse accélérée et inattendue, mais elle s’est également complexifiée de manière inédite. Ce processus a induit des changements considérables dans l’organisation de la production industrielle au niveau mondial. Parallèlement au renforcement de la globalisation a émergé le phénomène de la régionalisation. Les firmes multinationales, organisées aujourd’hui en firmes réseaux, sont devenues les acteurs économiques principaux et semblent façonner l’économie mondiale au point d’en déterminer l’évolution future. Elles peuvent également être des moteurs puissants de rattrapage et de mise à niveau du secteur industriel dans une économie donnée. Pour démontrer le développement à la fois global et régional des firmes multinationales, nous avons choisi l’industrie automobile qui, par son étendue et son intensité technologique, permet d’illustrer plus concrètement les principales évolutions économiques de ces dernières années. L’analyse des principaux pays d’Europe Centrale et Orientale et de la Chine permet de montrer le rôle qu’ont joué les firmes multinationales de la construction automobile dans la transition d’une économie planifiée socialiste à un système d’économie de marché, ainsi que de mettre en évidence le processus d’intégration des territoires dans la stratégie globale et régionale des constructeurs. / During the last decades, the globalization of the world economy has not simply developed at an accelerated and unexpected pace, but it has also become more complex than ever before. This process led to significant changes in the organization of industrial production at the world level. Parallel to the globalization, the phenomenon of regionalization has emerged. Today multinational firms organized as network enterprises, became the principal actors of the world economy and they seem to shape the direction of its future evolution. They can also serve as the engine for industrial upgrading and catching up for a given economy. To demonstrate the global and regional development of multinational enterprises, we have chosen the automotive industry since it is a wide and technology-intensive sector and can highlight the main stages and changes of the last decades’ economic evolution. The analysis of the main Central and Eastern European Countries and of China enables to shed light on the role that multinational enterprises within the automobile manufacturing sector have played in the transition from a socialist planned economy to a market economy and on the process of integration of these territories in the global and regional strategy of the vehicle manufacturers.

The rise of market globalization creates challenges for business executives seeking to pursue foreign direct investment (FDI) in least developed countries (LDC), such as Afghanistan. Multinational corporate (MNC) executives need strategies that will improve the timely delivery of minerals for mining projects in LDCs. Guided by the force field analysis theory, the purpose of this holistic, single-case study was to explore the strategies that 5 MNC executives in Beijing, China, used to improve the timely delivery of minerals associated with the Aynak copper mine project in Afghanistan. Semistructured interviews were used to elicit detailed narratives from MNC executives about their experiences to develop strategies for mining projects in LDCs. A review of company documents, as well as member-checking of initial interview transcripts, helped to bolster the trustworthiness of final interpretations. Study results included 2 themes. Theme 1 was determinants of mine investment strategies in LDCs that included an exploration of driving forces, restraining forces, neutral forces, and the effect of those forces. Theme 2 was FDI strategies for copper mine projects in LDCs that included the comparison of cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, and combination of cost leadership and differentiation strategies. By implementing a cost leadership strategy and best practices, MNC executives were able to achieve greater success to improve timely delivery of minerals associated with FDI copper mine projects in LDCs. Social implications include ongoing efforts of Afghan government leaders to implement effective economic policies that decrease unemployment while reducing poverty.

Sweden’s central bank implemented a negative interest rate policy (NIRP) in 2015, one year after adopting a zero-interest rate policy. Due to the monetary policy’s untested framework,experts are divided on the effectiveness of such a policy as well as its fortitude when faced with an economic recession. The lack of research on how the interest rate affects various economic metrics has left ample room for analysis and discussion on the subject. The aim ofthis thesis is to analyze how Sweden’s monetary policy has affected the flow of foreign directinvestments (FDI). Specifically, the paper will be focused on discovering the effect of theRiksbank’s negative repo rate policy on net FDI inflows between 2006 and 2017. Our quantitative analysis found no significant relationship between Sweden’s repo rate and itsFDI inflows. However, significance was found in the variables exchange rate, research and development expenditures, corporate taxes, and wages.

This Bachelor thesis focuses on examining the Ghanaian state's policies regarding inward Foreign Direct Investments and furthermore the policy implementation to attract and receive FDI, the question asked is What policy choices have been implemented by Ghana to attract Chinese FDI? This thesis employs a single case study design with a qualitative approach as it seeks to draw upon Liberal IPE and RAM to understand the policy choices in attracting FDI, more specifically how Ghana has shaped their policies. When conducting the analysis, the thesis assembles documents, both primary and secondary data to be able to answer the research question. The documents used for gathering data is from Ghana's government as well as governmental organisations, governmental policies and official statistics to peer reviewed articles and organisational data. This enables the thesis to find empirical evidence to support the aims of the conducted research. Moreover, secondary data will be used to situate, contextualize and present the findings. The main problem seen is how the policy behaviour of governments is conducted to receive FDI in this trudge. The solution to the problem is presented to be the policy decision taken to open markets and welcoming Foreign Direct Investment, through reforms aimed at both domestic companies and market as well as to the global markets and actors.