This thesis researched why light gauge steel framing members are not used more in single-family residential construction. A survey was designed to extract information from licensed contractors in Utah on uses of light gauge steel framing members in residential homes. The purpose of the research was to discover what Utah builder's perception was concerning light gauge steel framing. Also, the researcher tried to learn a little about the contractors to see if there was a correlation between contractors that used light gauge steel and those that did not. Names of licensed general building contractors and residential contractors and their contact information were acquired from the State of Utah's Department of Professional Licensing. A random sample of the licensed contractors was selected. They were contacted by mail and telephone and invited to participate in a survey. The researcher discovered that light gauge steel was used in a very limited amount. The respondents seemed build using traditional methods, namely lumber. They were unfimiliar with light gauge steel and its properties, as well as the benefits and disadvantages of light gauge steel.

Arbetet är en källstudie över inlägg publicerade på skolverkets hemsida. Studien undersöker reaktioner gentemot förändringar i det samhällsvetenskapliga programmet gällande ämnena religionskunskap, filosofi och psykologi. Skolverkets förslag att slå samman filosofi med psykologi kritiserades utifrån administrativa problem. Ämnena ansågs dessutom vara alltför olikartade för att slås ihop med hänsyn till deras vetenskapliga metoder, innehåll och historik. Resultatet är i linje med Lindes begrepp ämnesprofessionell kod och Hargreaves begrepp påtvingad kollegialitet. Religionskunskapens förstärkta ställning och filosofin och psykologins försvagade ställning kritiserades utifrån en mängd olika synvinklar. Religionsämnets vetenskaplighet och konfessionslöshet ifrågasattes. Kursplanen i religion kritiserades för att vara alltför omfattande, och religionslärarnas kompetens att undervisa i etik ifrågasattes. Filosofin försvarades utifrån dess nära koppling till styrdokument, och psykologin försvarades utifrån mänskliga behov och intresse. Studien fann en stark vilja bland lärarna att avgränsa sina egna ämnen gentemot andra ämnen. / The study is based on contributions to discussion that was published on the homepage of the Swedish National Agency for Education (Skolverket). It examine reactions on the proposals for the Social Science program. The proposal to put together philosophy and psychology in to a single subject was criticized on administrative grounds (problems with assessment, teacher competence etc). The two subjects were also considered to be to different in method, content and history. The result is in line with Andy Hargreaves concept of forced collegiality and Lindes concept of subject specific code. The proposal to increase hours for religious studies (religionskunskap) was criticized from different viewpoints. Religious studies was accused of being to unscientific bound to theological discourse. Its curricula was blamed of being to wide intruding on other subjects, and the teachers competence to educate their pupils in ethics were put in to question. The the proposal to decrease hours for philosophy was criticized on the ground that the subjects curricula was strongly connected to the official goals of the Social Science program. The proposal to decrease hours for psychology was criticized by appeling to its popularity among pupils and that its knowledge was important to satisfy basic human needs. The study discovered a tendency among teachers to classify their own subject in relations to other subjects.

The overpopulation of domestic animals has become an ongoing problem across the United States. Approximately 1.5 million animals are being euthanized in the United States every year. In fact, shelters euthanize about 23 % of the animals they take in. However, the euthanasia rate would be much greater without animal rescues, which are different than animal shelters. Animal rescues are unique from shelters because they are not government-funded, and they do not usually have a physical location. Because of these factors, animal rescues rely on volunteers to care for the animals they save and donors to fund their operations. Animal rescues heavily depend on social media to fulfill many of their needs, including fundraising and volunteer recruitment, which makes the nonprofits particularly vulnerable to failure without a social media following. This research combined a content analysis of animal rescues' Facebook posts with a survey of the rescues to determine which Facebook affordances and message frames animal rescues used online were positively related to online and offline success metrics. The content analysis focused on analyzing posts for message frames, and the survey provided information about annual success. The combination of a content analysis and a survey uncovered relationships between Facebook characteristics, online message frames, and offline success metrics.

This study applies priming, framing, and exemplification theories to examine the ways in which photos published with a news story influenced readers’ judgments about the ethnicities of the people receiving emergency hunger services. Of particular interest were the perceptions of Caucasian respondents about minorities, and Hispanic perceptions about African Americans and other Hispanics. A sample of 506 college students was randomly assigned to read one of three versions of an online news article about emergency hunger services in Central Florida. One version included two photographs of African American adults receiving food at a food bank. The second version included two photographs of Hispanic adults receiving food at a food bank. The third version was text-only and included no photographs. All three articles included base-rate statistics of ethnicities using emergency hunger services. Results showed images influence the way Caucasians and Hispanics perceive those people suffering from hunger. Key findings included that Caucasians in the study were susceptible to Hispanic primes, which altered their views on their perceptions about the number of Hispanics receiving emergency food services. However, Caucasians’ perceptions of African Americans did not change. Additionally, Hispanic participants were affected by primes in such a way that limitations on societal advancement were perceived more strongly than those of the Caucasian participants. The difference between Caucasians’ stereotypes regarding African Americans and Hispanics is an interesting development. The role of priming stereotype in relation to social issues is discussed

The reclaiming of land can provide for heated controversy between communities. The controversy at the outset may seem simple, but is actually quite complex involving hegemonic factors such as social, political, and economic influence. One such factor is the media. This research examines media coverage via framing in a battle between the United States Navy and the Hawaiian people to claim ownership of a Hawaiian island named Kaho'olawe. This research analyzes 519 newspaper articles from two Hawaiian newspapers--The Honolulu Star Bulletin and The Honolulu Advertiser--over a seven-year period. Six framing devices--advocate, economic, environment, Hawaiian, military, and political--are devised and implemented. This analysis shows that media frames change over time, when a frame changes so does the tone of the article, and each level of article showed different frame usage. For example, the headline of an article tended to use the political frame most. In addition, this analysis is one of the first to examine the use of pictures within each article and between newspapers. The findings suggest that the media's coverage of land debates needs to be examined further to include the use of media frames, quotes, and pictures.

Media framing is present in everything one observes on social media. In athletics, mainly collegiate football, media framing goes into each and every detail that goes out to the public. With Power 5 sports, such as the Southeastern Conference, football is one of the most profitable, newsworthy and highly recruiting-based sports out there. Therefore, the planning that goes into all of the social media channels, specifically on the website called Twitter, is planned down to a science. However, there are times where that is not the case, as crises can arise at any given moment. This research explains how seven SEC football sports information contacts were interviewed about their social media habits for any and all situations that could arise on their platforms, and how they plan to handle it while keeping the brand, overall message and trust of its fanbases.

Multimodal theory has developed out of social semiotics and can be seen as a response to the rise in the use of new technologies for the creation, distribution and consumption of media texts and the need to find new ways of describing and explaining their role in representation and communication. Its development is historical. It is a response to change over time. The incorporation of the visual into social semiotics marks a key moment in the development of multimodal theory. Visual literacy is discussed in relation to changes in modes of representation and a critique of this concept is provided. This is conducted in relation to how the visual modality has been integrated into social semiotics as a platform for research into multimodal communication more generally. Framing is developed along three main lines of enquiry (semiotic, cognitive and affective) as alternative ways of accounting for some of these shifts in communication and each are presented in the form of case studies. Framing and its close relationship with composition in media texts is discussed and this understanding, one that emphasise proximity as a multimodal principle, is applied to the visual design of content, the realisation of context through the provision visual cues, and later to embodiment and urban space. The three case studies, the application of framing to a range of media texts, the critical judgements made about the role visual in contemporary theory and the application of these concepts to multimodality are presented as part of an intellectual journey.

At the end of 2018, more than 68.5 million people were displaced from their homes. Of these displaced persons, 22.5 million of these people were forced to leave their homes and find safety in another country. These people are known globally as refugees. Many of these refugees in recent years have fled to Western countries in Europe and North America. This immigration and the general subject of refugees and their integration into their host countries have recently been a large subject for media. Many of these refugees came from countries and cultures that may carry stigmatic backgrounds including Middle Eastern and African countries. For decades, media portrayals in entertainment, social, media, and news media have shown people from these countries in certain ways that may conflict with truthful characteristics of people from these cultures. The purpose of this study is to help better understand how refugees personal assimilation experiences compare to information distributed by the media. Through researching existing studies of media portrayals of refugees and Muslims through the lens of framing theory readers can better understand what information is distributed in Western cultures about refugees. Then, through conducting in-depth interviews with refugees hosted in Europe and the United States, seeking understanding of refugees personal stories, life experiences, and their perceptions of media representations of people of their same refugee status, readers may additionally better understand any differences in the portrayal of refugees and the experiences had by refugees themselves. Using grounded theory, poignant themes emerged from the interviews to explain how interviewed refugees lives are similar or differ and are affected by Western media portrayals. Emergent themes indicated that primarily polarized news accounts may interfere with refugee acculturation by making social and cultural connections difficult, discrepancies in qualifications, and issues with misunderstanding refugees lack of mobility. Additionally, refugee sentiments about refugee media portrayals and acculturation were evaluated to better understand how the media affects their assimilation processes.

This essay has sought out to study the ideological debate in the Swedish press using the Spanish civil war. To complete this task three newspapers editorial pages were studied during the period 13/07-14/10 -1936. The three newspapers that were studied were Dagens Nyheter (liberal), Norrskensflamman (communist) and Svenska Dagbladet (moderat). This essay used qualitative methods to reach the answers it set out to achieve. The method consisted of thoroughly reading through the editorial pages of the chosen newspapers to highlight how each newspaper framed certain aspects of the conflict. Since this essay was on a small scale the results can only be seen as an indication of how the debate looked and was framed. If the same study was conducted but with more newspapers and a longer time period the results could have been broader. The results show that the different newspapers differentiated on who was to blame, why the civil war had broken out and who they wanted to win. The results also show that the different newspapers framed certain aspects of the war differently. / <p>Slutgiltigt godkännandedatum: 2023-06-02</p>

Wildfires are a part of the growing concern regarding climate issues in our society, and since the 1990s, the intensity of wildfires has grown. As wildfires affect our societies, countries have adapted crisis management strategies to tackle the issue of wildfires with help from international organisations. Research has been done on the topic of framing crisis management and the framing of wildfires. Nevertheless, these two fields have never been studied together. This study aims to examine how international organisations frame wildfire crisis management in the case of Portugal. Official assessment documents from the EU and the OECD have been analysed using a framing method. The findings of the study are that the most persistent framing of Portugal's wildfire crisis management is policy failure; however, depending on what areas one is analysing, fragments of actor failure can also be detected.