Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Terry Houser / Two studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of naturally smoked sugar in a conventional and natural curing brines to inhibit lipid oxidation in frozen, aerobically packaged, layout style bacon. Commercial pork bellies were trimmed and cut in half creating anterior and posterior sections. Each section was randomly assigned to one of two treatments targeted 12% injection: control brine or a brine containing naturally smoked sugar (n =15/treatment). In the first study a conventional control brine consisted of 76.4% water, 11.8% salt, 8.00% sugar, 1.70% sodium phosphate, 1.60% sodium nitrite, and 0.450% sodium erythorbate. The treatment brine contained the same ingredients with the addition of 5.00% naturally smoked sugar. In the second study a natural control curing brine was utilized and contained 72.0% water, 13.4% sea salt, 8.00% cane sugar, and 6.67% celery juice. While treatment brine had the same ingredients as the natural control brine with the addition 5.00% smoked sugar. Bacon slices were randomly assigned to four sensory and GCMS frozen storage periods (0, 40, 80, and 120 day) or seven thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) frozen storage times (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 day). To measure lipid oxidation trained sensory evaluation, TBARS, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) was conducted after the assigned frozen storage periods. All bacon slices were stored aerobically at -18 ± 2 °C for their designated storage period. The first study panelist scores for oxidized flavor of the conventional control bacon increased from day 0 to 120; whereas the naturally smoked sugar treatment had decreased panelist scores (P > 0.16) for oxidized flavor intensity compared to the control bacon. Also, TBARS results values for the conventional control bacon increased (P < 0.01) from day 20 to day 120; while the conventional naturally smoked sugar treatment remained constant (P > 0.99). Hexanal content for conventional control increased (P < 0.003) during frozen storage; but naturally smoked sugar TBARS values were not different from day 0 of storage (P > 0.734). Concentration of heptanal in conventional control bacon was the highest (P < 0.003) at day 80 and 120 of frozen storage. Heptanal content in conventional bacon with naturally smoked sugar was not different from day 0 of frozen storage (P > 0.846). Conventional bacon formulated with naturally smoked sugar had greater concentrations of creosol and syringol than control bacon (P < 0.003). In the second study, naturally cured bacon had increased panelist scores for oxidized flavor from day 0 to 120 of frozen storage (P < 0.001). Natural bacon with smoked sugar had oxidized flavor scores that remained constant during frozen storage (P > 0.936). Naturally cured bacon displayed increased TBARS values from day 20 to 120 of frozen storage (P < 0.001). Naturally cured bacon with smoked sugar exhibited static TBARS values throughout the frozen storage period (P > 0.196). Thus, smoked sugar is an effective antioxidant in frozen sliced, aerobically packaged, conventionally cured and naturally cured bacon.

The thesis aims to discuss effectiveness of the international conflict resolution in the region of the South Caucasus, analyzing the challenges to international efforts to solve the three conflict cases: the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh is among the frozen disputes in the region, the others Abkhazia and the South Ossetia are nominally independent states, however de facto occupied by Russia. It is the fact that three regional players Russia, Turkey and Iran and global players Russia, US, EU have different type of impacts to conflict settlements in the region which directly relate to their political and economic interests. Therefore, after two decades of mediation by powerful states provided no final resolution with numerous attempts at mediation, wherein the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) has taken the lead. The complicated and interdepended relations of states make this region highly sensitive area for war and peace in the world theatrical chessboard. Author also analyzes the effectiveness of conflict management between the parties by focusing on conflicts in the South Caucasus region mentioning their historical, political, security and ethnic dimensions, where international organizations, namely OSCE, UN, EU involve.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:46:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 chirinea_vh_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 377109 bytes, checksum: 14a2afeb1c35186ec50ee38a1a81ba09 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A inseminação artificial (IA) utilizando sêmen congelado é uma ferramenta importante na reprodução de cães, visa o melhoramento genético e melhor aproveitamento do reprodutor. Além disso, a melhor metodologia para avaliar o potencial fecundante de uma amostra de sêmen é o teste in vivo. Por isso, os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar a taxa de gestação de cadelas, utilizando sêmen congelado em meio diluente TRIS/OEP/Frutose/8%Glicerol, e comparar duas técnicas de IA: intra-uterina, por laparotomia e intravaginal. O sêmen foi colhido de um único macho, por manipulação digital do pênis e analisado, imediatamente, após a colheita e após a descongelação a 70°C, por 8 segundos. A cinética do movimento foi verificada pelo CASA (Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer), e a integridade das membranas por: sondas fluorescentes (iodeto de propídio e carboxifluoresceína), pelo teste supra vital com a coloração de eosina, e pela associação de sondas (iodeto de propídio, JC-1 e FITC-PSA). A morfologia espermática foi avaliada por meio de esfregaços corados com Karras. A congelação do sêmen foi realizada pelo método descrito por Chirinéa et al. (2006). As fêmeas foram monitoradas desde o início da fase do proestro utilizando a citologia vaginal seriada e a dosagem de progesterona sérica, a cada 48 horas. Para as inseminações, as cadelas foram divididas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (n=6) inseminadas uma única vez, via intra-uterina, por laparotomia, com uma dose inseminante de 160 x 106 espermatozóides/2mL; e Grupo 2 (n=6) inseminadas duas vezes, via intravaginal com uma dose inseminante de 160 x 106 espermatozóides/2 mL por inseminação. Os resultados das análises do sêmen pré e pós-descongelação não apresentaram diferenças significativas, com exceção da morfologia espermática e da associação de sondas fluorescentes... / Artificial insemination (AI) using frozen semen is an important tool on dog’s reproduction, aiming to genetic improvement and better use of a stud. Besides, the better way to evaluate the fecundate potential of a semen sample is an in vivo test. That way, the aim of this work was to determine the pregnancy rate in bitches, using TRIS/OEP/Fructose/8%Glycerol as the diluent medium, and to compare two AI techniques: intrauterine and intravaginal. Semen was collected from one male only, by digital manipulation. Semen was analyzed immediately after collection and after thawed at 70°C for 8 seconds. Movement kinetics were analyzed by CASA (Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer), membrane integrity using fluorescents probes (propidium iodide and carboxyfluorescein), supravital test, eosin staining, integrity of plasmatic, nuclear and mitochondrial membranes using the association of fluorescent probes (FITC-PSA, propidium iodide and JC-1) and sperm morphology. Semen was frozen using the method described by Chirinéa, 2006. Females were monitored since the beginning of proestrus, using vaginal smear and progesterone measurement, each 48hours. To inseminations, bitches were divided into two groups: Group 1, composed by 6 females, which were inseminated just once via intrauterine, with an insemination dose of 160 x 106 spermatozoids/2mL and Group 2 constituted by 6 females, which were inseminated twice, via intravaginal, using an insemination dose of 160 x 106 spermatozoids/2 mL/insemination. Results from semen analyses made before and after freezing did not show any difference, except for sperm morphology and association of fluorescents probes. Pregnancy rate was 66,6% (4/6) on Group 1 and 16,6% (1/6) on Group 2. In conclusion, the success of artificial insemination depends not only on semen quality after thawed, but also on the AI technique used. In our work, intrauterine technique by laparotomy was better than intravaginal.

Orientador: Magali Conceição Monteiro da Silva / Banca: Natália Soares Janzantti / Banca: Mércia Fátima Manente Bettini / Resumo: O suco de laranja é um produto de grande importância para a economia nacional, tendo papel relevante na pauta de exportações brasileiras. Em torno de 80% da laranja produzida no Brasil é processada na forma de suco de laranja concentrado e congelado (frozen concentrated orange juice-FCOJ). Durante o processamento do suco, podem ocorrer alterações das características do suco influenciando sua aceitação pelo consumidor. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram reunir informações referentes às características da laranja e à produção, à exportação, ao consumo de FCOJ, às etapas do processamento, às alterações sensoriais e físico-químicas que podem ocorrer durante o processamento, e avaliar a aceitação sensorial e a estabilidade físico-química do suco de laranja proveniente das etapas do processamento do suco concentrado e congelado. Uma equipe de 101 julgadores avaliou a cor, a impressão global, o aroma, o sabor e a textura do suco das etapas de extração, de filtração, de concentração, de resfriamento e de mistura de duas coletas, processados no início e no final da safra de 2009 da laranja da variedade Pêra-Rio. A estabilidade físico-química do suco de laranja proveniente das etapas do processamento do suco concentrado e congelado também foi avaliada no decorrer da safra de 2009, em cinco coletas. Foram realizadas análises do teor de sólidos solúveis, da acidez total titulável, de açúcares redutores, de açúcares totais, de ácido ascórbico, além do ratio e pH nos sucos das etapas de extração, filtração, concentração, resfriamento e mistura. Os sucos das etapas de extração e de filtração foram os mais aceitos pelos julgadores em relação aos atributos impressão global, aroma e sabor, e apresentaram maior intenção de compra entre os termos "provavelmente compraria" e "certamente compraria". O suco da etapa de mistura, apesar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The orange juice is a great importance product to the Brazilian economy, having a relevant role in Brazilian exports. Around 80% of oranges produced in Brazil are processed in the form of frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ). During the juice processing can result changes of the juice characteristics, influencing consumer acceptance. The aim of this work was to gather information regarding of orange characteristics and its production, exports and consumption of FCOJ, the processing steps and changes in sensory and physical-chemical properties that may occur during processing and to evaluate the sensorial acceptance and physical-chemistry stability of the juice coming from different steps of the concentrate juice processing. A group of 101 judges evaluated the color, the overall impression, aroma, flavor and texture of the juice from the steps of extraction, filtration, concentration, cooling and blend of two collections, processed at the beginning and end of the crop of pêra-rio orange variety in 2009. The physical-chemistry stability of the juice coming from the steps of processing of the concentrated juice was also evaluated during the 2009 harvest, in five collections. Were analyzed the soluble solids content (SS), total titratable acidity (TTA), reducing sugars (RS), total sugars (TS), ascorbic acid (AA), besides the ratio and pH in the juices of extraction, filtration, concentration, cooling and blend steps. The juices of the extraction and filtration steps were the most accepted for the attributes of overall impression, aroma and flavor, and showed higher purchase intention between "probably would purchase" and "definitely would purchase". The juice of the blend step, despite being added essences to provide better aroma and flavor, had an average accepting less than that of the juice of cooling and concentration steps, which was not added essences, in both collections... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kitamura_ea_me_botfmvz.pdf: 643374 bytes, checksum: acf4c3d1531bf42eaabaf871100eca42 (MD5) / Na clínica de pequenos animais, rotineiramente, observam-se casos de intoxicações de cães por rodenticidas anticoagulantes. Isto é conseqüência da grande utilização deste pesticida, que é de fácil aquisição para o uso doméstico no controle de roedores. Estes animais comumente apresentam distúrbios de hemostasia secundária com quadro hemorrágico. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações hematológicas, hemostáticas e a resposta terapêutica de cães intoxicados experimentalmente por varfarina. Foram utilizados 28 cães, adultos, machos e fêmeas, que foram divididos em 2 grupos de 14 animais, sendo: Grupo I (varfarina + vitamina K1) e Grupo II (varfarina + vitamina K1 e plasma fresco congelado). Os cães foram intoxicados com a varfarina sódica (30mg/kg) por via oral e foram tratados com vitamina K1 (1mg/kg) por via subcutânea e a transfusão do plasma fresco congelado (PFC) na dose de 10mL/kg por via intravenosa. Os exames laboratoriais como hemograma, plaquetas, fibrinogênio, tempo de sangramento em mucosa oral (TSMO), tempo de coagulação (TC), tempo de protrombina (TP), tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPA) e tempo de trombina (TT) foram realizados em sete momentos: M0 (controle), M1 (48 horas), M2 (72 horas), M3 (78 horas), M4 (96 horas), M5 (120 horas) e M6 (168 horas) após a intoxicação. O tratamento com a vitamina K1 foi iniciado após o M2, continuando a cada 24 horas até o último momento, e a transfusão de PFC foi realizada somente uma vez imediatamente após o M2. Os resultados laboratoriais demonstraram que o TP é o mais sensível para o monitoramento da intoxicação por varfarina. TTPA e o TC também se apresentam prolongados pelo efeito anticoagulante do veneno, sendo que estes três testes devem ser utilizados conjuntamente no diagnóstico diferencial da intoxicação por varfarina. O tratamento com o PFC associado... / Anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication is very common in the small animal practice. This is due to the high prevalence of its use as a domestic pesticide and its purchase availability. These animals usually present secondary hemostatic defects, with a hemorrhage. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hematological and hemostatic changes and the therapeutic response of dogs experimentally intoxicated by warfarin. Twenty eight adult dogs, males and females, were divided in two groups of 14 dogs: Group I (warfarin + vitamin K1) and Group II (warfarin + vitamin K1 and fresh frozen plasma). Dogs were intoxicated with sodium warfarin (30mg/kg) by the oral route and treated with vitamin K1 (1mg/kg) by the subcutaneous route. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was administrated intravenously (10mL/kg). The CBC, platelet count, fibrinogen, bucal mucosa bleeding time (BMBT), clotting time (CT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APPT) and thrombin time (TT) were evaluated at seven moments: M0 (control), M1 (48h), M2 (72h), M3 (78h), M4 (96h), M5 (120h) and M6 (168h) pos-intoxication. Vitamina K1 administration was initiated immediately after M2 and repeated each 24 hours until the end of the experiment and the fresh frozen plasma was given only after M2. The results demonstrated that PT is the most sensible test for the follow up of warfarin toxicosis. APPT and CT also had been presented prolonged by the anticoagulation effect of the venom; therefore these three tests should be used together in the differential diagnosis of warfarin intoxication. Treatment with FFP associated to vitamin K1 promoted a considerable shortening on the time of coagulation tests, earlier than the treatment with the vitamin K1 alone.

Orientador: Maria Denise Lopes / Banca: Frederico Ozanan Papa / Banca: Gilson Hélio Toniollo / Banca: Isabel Candia Nunes da Cunha / Banca: Fabiana Ferreira de Souza / Resumo: A inseminação artificial (IA) utilizando sêmen congelado é uma ferramenta importante na reprodução de cães, visa o melhoramento genético e melhor aproveitamento do reprodutor. Além disso, a melhor metodologia para avaliar o potencial fecundante de uma amostra de sêmen é o teste in vivo. Por isso, os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar a taxa de gestação de cadelas, utilizando sêmen congelado em meio diluente TRIS/OEP/Frutose/8%Glicerol, e comparar duas técnicas de IA: intra-uterina, por laparotomia e intravaginal. O sêmen foi colhido de um único macho, por manipulação digital do pênis e analisado, imediatamente, após a colheita e após a descongelação a 70°C, por 8 segundos. A cinética do movimento foi verificada pelo CASA (Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer), e a integridade das membranas por: sondas fluorescentes (iodeto de propídio e carboxifluoresceína), pelo teste supra vital com a coloração de eosina, e pela associação de sondas (iodeto de propídio, JC-1 e FITC-PSA). A morfologia espermática foi avaliada por meio de esfregaços corados com Karras. A congelação do sêmen foi realizada pelo método descrito por Chirinéa et al. (2006). As fêmeas foram monitoradas desde o início da fase do proestro utilizando a citologia vaginal seriada e a dosagem de progesterona sérica, a cada 48 horas. Para as inseminações, as cadelas foram divididas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (n=6) inseminadas uma única vez, via intra-uterina, por laparotomia, com uma dose inseminante de 160 x 106 espermatozóides/2mL; e Grupo 2 (n=6) inseminadas duas vezes, via intravaginal com uma dose inseminante de 160 x 106 espermatozóides/2 mL por inseminação. Os resultados das análises do sêmen pré e pós-descongelação não apresentaram diferenças significativas, com exceção da morfologia espermática e da associação de sondas fluorescentes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Artificial insemination (AI) using frozen semen is an important tool on dog's reproduction, aiming to genetic improvement and better use of a stud. Besides, the better way to evaluate the fecundate potential of a semen sample is an in vivo test. That way, the aim of this work was to determine the pregnancy rate in bitches, using TRIS/OEP/Fructose/8%Glycerol as the diluent medium, and to compare two AI techniques: intrauterine and intravaginal. Semen was collected from one male only, by digital manipulation. Semen was analyzed immediately after collection and after thawed at 70°C for 8 seconds. Movement kinetics were analyzed by CASA (Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer), membrane integrity using fluorescents probes (propidium iodide and carboxyfluorescein), supravital test, eosin staining, integrity of plasmatic, nuclear and mitochondrial membranes using the association of fluorescent probes (FITC-PSA, propidium iodide and JC-1) and sperm morphology. Semen was frozen using the method described by Chirinéa, 2006. Females were monitored since the beginning of proestrus, using vaginal smear and progesterone measurement, each 48hours. To inseminations, bitches were divided into two groups: Group 1, composed by 6 females, which were inseminated just once via intrauterine, with an insemination dose of 160 x 106 spermatozoids/2mL and Group 2 constituted by 6 females, which were inseminated twice, via intravaginal, using an insemination dose of 160 x 106 spermatozoids/2 mL/insemination. Results from semen analyses made before and after freezing did not show any difference, except for sperm morphology and association of fluorescents probes. Pregnancy rate was 66,6% (4/6) on Group 1 and 16,6% (1/6) on Group 2. In conclusion, the success of artificial insemination depends not only on semen quality after thawed, but also on the AI technique used. In our work, intrauterine technique by laparotomy was better than intravaginal. / Doutor

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-02T18:56:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Emanoel do Espirito Santo Mendes de Melo.pdf: 855000 bytes, checksum: 426f96c993c2b69febc20ecfd51c0ac9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T18:56:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Emanoel do Espirito Santo Mendes de Melo.pdf: 855000 bytes, checksum: 426f96c993c2b69febc20ecfd51c0ac9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-17 / CAPES / The ju?areira (Euterpe edulis Martius) is a plant of the family Arecaceae (palmae), which develops next to streams, rivers, wetlands and forested areas of land, and less often in more remote and local land pantanosos. Ocorrem predominantly in the North and Northeast of Brazil, mainly in the states of Par?, Amap?, Maranh?o and Tocantins. The pulp ju?ara, typical food of the region, if not consumed soon after obtaining it are packed in polyethylene bags and frozen. This project aimed to characterize and evaluate the mineral and organic content of the pulp ju?ara subjected to slow freezing and fast. Justified this research, to provide important information on the nutritional quality and functional that pulp, to contribute to improving the quality of life of Maranh?o, giving them a better quality of life, and to encourage the food industry. In this experiment we used ju?ara of ripe fruit (Euterpe edulis Martius) collected manually palm trees Ju?ara Park, located at Maracan? (within the island of S?o Lu?s-MA), in February 2012. The analyzes chemical, physical and physico-chemical pulp ju?ara revealed high in fiber, especially insoluble large percentage of lipids, anthocyanin, carbohydrates and low in protein. The minerals already analyzed the samples, the content of potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and meet most of the recommended daily to man.The fatty acid composition showed a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, predominantly oleic acid and palmitic acid. The number of microorganisms in the analyzed samples, lying within the standards required by applicable law in Brazil and the raw materials do not present significant hazards to the consumer, except in the case of molds and yeasts that are above the allowed amount. / A ju?areira (Euterpe edulis Martius) ? uma planta da fam?lia das Arecaceae (palmae), que desenvolve-se pr?ximo aos ribeir?es, rios, v?rzeas e nas matas de terra firme, e com menos frequ?ncia, em terrenos mais afastados e locais pantanosos.Ocorrem predominantemente nas regi?es Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, principalmente nos estados do Par?, Amap?, Maranh?o e Tocantins. A polpa de ju?ara, alimento t?pico da regi?o, quando n?o ? consumida logo ap?s a sua obten??o s?o acondicionadas em sacos de polietileno e congeladas. Este projeto teve como objetivos, caracterizar e avaliar o conte?do org?nico e mineral da polpa de ju?ara submetida aos congelamentos lento e r?pido. Justifica-se essa pesquisa, a fim de proporcionar informa??es importantes sobre a qualidade nutricional e funcional dessa polpa, para contribuir com a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos maranhenses, proporcionando-lhes uma melhor qualidade de vida, bem como incentivar o setor de alimentos. No presente experimento foram utilizados frutos maduros de ju?ara (Euterpe edulis Martius) coletados manualmente das palmeiras do Parque da Ju?ara, situado no Maracan? (no interior da ilha de S?o Lu?s-MA), em fevereiro de 2012. As an?lises qu?mica, f?sica e f?sico-qu?micas da polpa de ju?ara revelaram alto teor de fibras, em especial as insol?veis, grande percentual de lip?deos, antocianina, carboidratos e baixo teor de prote?na. J? os minerais analisados nas amostras, o teor de pot?ssio,c?lcio,ferro, zinco, cobre, e mangan?s atendem grande parte das necessidades di?rias recomendadas para o homem. A composi??o em ?cidos graxos revelou grande quantidade de ?cidos graxos insaturados, com predom?nio do ?cido ol?ico e palm?tico. A quantidade de microorganismos, nas amostras analisadas, encontra-se dentro dos padr?es exigidos pela legisla??o aplic?vel no Brasil e as mat?rias-prima n?o apresentam perigos significativos para

Garry Island, approximately 11 kilometres (7 miles) long and 0.8 to 3.2 kilometres (0.5 to 3.2 miles) wide, is located at about latitude 69° 28'N and longitude 135° 42'W in the southern part of the Beaufort Sea. The stratigraphy consists mainly of unconsolidated sands, silts, clays and stony clays which have been intensively deformed by the thrusting action of glacier-ice moving from the south. The deformed sediments are locally overlain by undisturbed sands and gravels containing marine fossils dated at >42,000 years. The absence of any evidence of glacial till on top of the sands suggests that Garry Island lay beyond the northwestern limits of the Laurentide ice sheet during the late-Wisconsin glaciation. Elevated strand-lines, which may be of great antiquity and occur at approximately 7.5 metre (25 feet) intervals to an altitude of almost 46 metres (150 feet), indicate the extent of Pleistocene fluctuations of sea level and the drowning of a pre-existing topography. The development of tundra polygons, in small flats behind sandspits or bars built across the drowned valleys in association with the former sea levels, has imparted a distinctive, stepped longitudinal profile to the stream courses. The tundra vegetation of Garry Island is classified into ten major habitats which are primarily related to drainage conditions and type of geomorphic activity. The island is underlain by permafrost and the thickness of the active layer is greatest, and ground temperatures in this layer are highest, beneath unvegetated surfaces and where the substrate is composed predominantly of mineral soil. Stratigraphic, geomorphic and historic evidence indicates considerable recession of the coastline in recent times. Current rates of retreat, reaching maxima of 10.5 metres (35 feet) per annum, are primarily related to the composition of the permafrost, being greatest in areas of fine-grained sediments, containing high ice contents, with a southerly exposure. Thermal erosion of the permafrost is the dominant process influencing cliff retreat and the primary role of wave action, on a short term basis, is in the removal of thawed debris from the base of the cliffs. Observations of three highly active mudslumps, created by the exposure of segregated ground ice, show that the rate of headwall recession is strongly correlated with ambient air temperatures. Maximum recession occurs where the ice content is high and the slumped debris is frequently removed from the base of the scarp. The cyclic development of a gully system on the ice face is described. The longevity of mudslump activity is prolonged where strong mudflows carry the thawed material away from the foot of the headwall, thus preventing the progressive burial of the scarp face. Mudflow velocities reveal a rhythmic pulsation related to periodic blocking of their channels. Mud levees, bordering the mudflows, result from the progressive bleeding of moisture from, and subsequent stagnation of, the mud rather than as residual features pushed aside by the advancing mudflow. Patterned ground on Garry Island is primarily restricted to non-sorted types. Angular intersections of thermal contraction cracks, representing the incipient stages of tundra polygons, exhibit a preferred tendency toward slightly-oriented, orthogonal systems. The initial micro-relief of earth hummocks is believed to originate through the accentuation of a miniature desiccation/frost crack pattern. Following the establishment of a vegetation cover, their subsequent growth involves further differential frost action and solifluction. Statistical tests show that the height, size and shape of earth hummocks are closely related to their position on the slope profile. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

Orientador : Edison J. Geromel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos e Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-15T17:56:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Netto_FlaviaMaria_M.pdf: 16490409 bytes, checksum: ce51baa4acb2f82fadac0195e8a30739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1984 / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a conservação do híbrido de tilápia estocado em gelo, sob o aspecto químibo, bioquímico e sensorial.A composição centesimal foi determinada em três diferentes épocas do ano, não apresentando variação sazonal. A tilápia foi classificada como pescado de alto teor protéico e o baixo teor de gordura. A conservação do pescado ao longo da estocagem em gelo foi estudada através de três experimentos. No Experimento I a avaliação foi realizada utilizando-se a escala desenvolvida pela Torry Research Sta-tion, com os seguintes parâmetros: aparência geral, textura ao tato e odor das guelras. Esta escala, desenvolvida para gadídeos, ofereceu dificuldades à equipe sensorial. Para contorná-las, no Experimento II, foi traçado o perfil de deterioração do pescado, e com base nos resultados obtidos, foi desenvolvida uma nova escala, específica para o híbrido de tilápia. No Experimento III, a nova escala foi testada e obteve-se me-lhores resultados para avaliação da deterioração durante a estocagem do que haviam sido obtidas anteriormente com a escala tradicional.Para os três experimentos, além dos testes sensoriais, a conservação em gelo foi acompanhada por determinações químicas (bases ni-trogenadas voláteis, nitrogênio não protéico, pH e reações de Éber). Nenhum dos testes realizados apresentou-se confiável como índice de frescor, embora a reação de Éber para gás sulfídrico tenha indicado o iní-cio da deterioração.As modificações na fração das proteínas sarcoplasmáticas fo-ram acompanhadas durante os experimentos por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. Observaram-se modificações no eletroforegrama nos dife-rentes períodos de estocagem. No entanto, este comportamento não se mostrou de interesse para uma possível utilização como índice de frescor / Abstract: The objective of this project was to study chemical, biochemical and sensory aspects of tilapia hybrids stored in ice. The proximate composition was determined at three different occasion during the year, showing no seasonal variation. Tilapia was classified as a high-protein, low-fat fish. Throughout storage, the preservation of the fish on ice was studied by mean of three experiments. In Experiment I, sensory evaluation was carried out using a scale developed at Torry Research Station, which includes the following parameters: general appearence, texture finger-pressing and odour of the gills. However, it was observed that this scale, developed for fish of the Gadidae family, posed difficulties for the test panel. In order to overcome this, in Experiment II, the deterioration profile of the fish was traced. Based on these results, a new scale was developed, specific for tilapia hibrids. In Experiment III this new scale was tested. Better results was observed for evaluation of tilapia hybrids during sotrage, than those obtained previously whith the traditional scale (Torry). In all three experiments, in addition to sensory analysis, the preservation in ice was followed by chemical determinations (nitro-genous volatile bases, non-protein nitrogen, pH and Eber reaction). None of these tests where shown to be reliable indices of freshness, although the Eber reaction for hidrogen sulphide gas indicated the onset of deterioration. Modifications in the sarcoplasmatic protein fraction during storage were also followed in the three experiments, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The electrophoregrams were shown to change during ice storage, but this behaviour was not shown to be of the interest as a possible indicator of the degree of freshness / Mestrado / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Orientadores: Michel Zamboni Rached, Guillermo Gerardo Cabrera Oyarzún / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-01T02:33:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pachon_EdwinGermanPinilla_D.pdf: 4993091 bytes, checksum: 788c9fb47dfe7b9fea6cc0935ad94d54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Resumo: Nesta tese, propõe-se um novo método para realizar guiamento de átomos neutros resfriados. Este método envolve o uso da pressão de radiação por ressonância para efetuar o guiamento dos átomos através de um campo óptico (feixe) oco. Particularmente, usa-se a força de dipolo óptico e um tipo específico de campo óptico não difrativo, chamado de "Frozen Wave" (FW), na versão tradicional e estendida, para estudar o guiamento atômico. Os campos ópticos FW¿s, que são uma solução exata da equação de onda, surgem como uma resposta aos problemas relacionados com a difração e com a impossibilidade de fazer qualquer tipo de modelamento (ou localização) longitudinal e transversal de intensidade, dos campos ópticos tradicionais usados no guiamento de átomos, como por exemplo, nos campos Laguerre-Gauss e Bessel. Assim, planejam-se algumas soluções mediante os métodos tradicional e estendido que permitem criar estruturas de luz (localizadas) resistentes à difração e nas quais o padrão de intensidade longitudinal e transversal (restringido) pode ser modelado a priori. De acordo com isso, o estudo teórico do método tradicional e da generalização das FW¿s foi realizado junto com sua comprovação experimental e foram calculados os respectivos potenciais de dipolo óptico junto com a profundidade de penetração dos átomos na barreira de potencial para cada campo óptico. Nos resultados conseguiu-se modelar algumas estruturas de luz (tanto no método tradicional como no estendido) tais como um cilindro, três cilindros concatenados, um tipo de cilindro com tampa e um funil óptico, entre outras; e mostrou-se as vantagens do uso deste tipo de estruturas de luz quando comparadas com os campos ópticos tradicionais para o guiamento atômico. Finalmente, concluiu-se que usar este tipo de campos não difrativos elimina as restrições dos campos tradicionais e é possível fazer o guiamento de átomos neutros resfriados com estes tipos de estruturas de luz. O método estendido dá uma generalização que permite pensar estes tipos de estruturas de luz para aplicações mais globais nas diferentes áreas da óptica e fotônica / Abstract: This thesis proposes a new method to perform cold neutral atom guiding. This method involves the use of resonance radiation pressure to make the atom guiding along a hollow (beam) optical field. Particularly, it uses the optical dipole force and a specific type of non-diffracting optical field, called "Frozen Wave" (FW), in these traditional and extended versions, to study the atom guiding. The FW¿s optical fields, which are an exact solution of the wave equation, appear as an answer to the problems related to the high diffraction and impossibility of any type of longitudinal and transverse intensity modeling (or location) of traditional optical fields used in atom guiding, for example the Laguerre-Gaussian and Bessel optical fields. Thus, some solutions were planned by the traditional and extended methods, which allow to create localized light structures resistant to diffraction and model a priori longitudinal and transverse (restricted) intensity pattern. Accordingly, the theoretical study of the traditional method and his generalization were carried out with their experimental evidence. Also, his respective optical dipole potential was calculated with the atom penetration depth in the potential barrier for each optical field. In the results was possible to model some light structures (both in the traditional and extended method) such as a cylinder, three concatenated cylinders, one cylinder with a lid and an optical funnel, among others; and it is showed the advantages of using this type of light structures when it is compared with the conventional optical fields for the atom guiding. Finally, it is concluded that use this type of non-diffracting fields eliminates the restrictions of the traditional fields and it is possible the cold neutral atoms guiding with this type of light structures. The FW¿s extended method gives a generalization and it permits to suggest this type of light structures for more complete applications in different areas of optics and photonics / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências / 141977/2013-2 / CNPQ