O trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar a tutela inibitória no processo do trabalho, especialmente no sentido da prevenção do assédio moral no ambiente de trabalho. A abordagem parte da perspectiva da proteção dos direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores, principalmente em face do poder diretivo do empregador. Analisa a vinculação dos particulares às normas de direitos fundamentais e ressalta a importância da vinculação direta ou imediata do empregador às normas de direitos fundamentais, no âmbito da relação de emprego. Põe em relevo a função do processo do trabalho na perspectiva da tutela dos direitos fundamentais. Analisa as características do assédio moral praticado no ambiente de trabalho, sua classificação e suas consequências. Trata das modificações sociais que impuseram novas necessidades ao direito processual, especialmente ao direito processual do trabalho. Aborda a natureza e as características da tutela inibitória, como tutela judicial preventiva da conduta ilícita. Trata dos meios concretos de operar a tutela inibitória no processo do trabalho, com o objetivo de prevenir o assédio moral. Cuida de aspectos controversos da legitimidade para a ação inibitória, bem como de peculiaridades da causa de pedir e da prova. Analisa os requisitos da sentença e da coisa julgada na ação inibitória. Conclama à assunção da lógica da prevenção no direito processual. Realça a necessidade de uma atuação mais criativa e livre dos juízes trabalhistas. / The work aims to study the inhibitory injunction in the labor process, especially towards the prevention of bullying in the workplace. The approach starts from the perspective of protecting the fundamental rights of workers, particularly against the directive power of the employer. Analyzes linking the particular standards of fundamental rights and emphasizes the importance of direct or immediate employer to binding rules relating to fundamental rights within the employment relationship. It highlights the role of the procedural labor law from the perspective of the protection of fundamental rights. It analyzes the characteristics of bullying practiced in the workplace, their classification and environmental consequences. It analyzes the social changes that have imposed new requirements of procedural law, especially procedural labor law. It approaches the nature and characteristics of inhibitory injunction, like a judicial protection as a preventive of unlawful conduct. It analyzes the specific means to operate the inhibitory injunction in the labor process, with the goal of preventing bullying. It takes care of controversial aspects of legitimacy to the inhibitory action, as well as peculiarities of the cause of action and proofs. It analyzes the requirements of the sentence and the inhibitory action on res judicata. It urges the assumption of prevention logic in procedural law. It stresses the need for a more creative and free activity of labor judges.

No curso da investigação criminal, a execução de alguns meios de obtenção de prova pode implicar restrições aos direitos fundamentais do investigado ou de terceiros. As medidas restritivas de direitos fundamentais estão sujeitas a controle de constitucionalidade através da regra da proporcionalidade. Os meios de obtenção de prova são atividades de pesquisa e registro de fontes de provas e elementos de informação úteis para a persecução penal. Durante a regular execução de um meio de obtenção de prova, podem surgir resultados probatórios relativos a indivíduos e/ou crimes excluídos da situação histórica de vida da investigação que legitimou o ato. As fontes de provas e os elementos de informação obtidos durante a execução de um meio de obtenção de prova e que possuem conexão com a situação histórica de vida da investigação são conhecimentos da investigação, enquanto os que não possuem esse vínculo são conhecimentos fortuitos. De acordo com a regra da proporcionalidade, as medidas restritivas de direitos fundamentais devem estar previstas em lei e sua execução exige prévia autorização judicial. A admissibilidade dos conhecimentos fortuitos para fins probatórios depende do cumprimento desses requisitos, sob pena de haver violação ilegítima de direitos fundamentais, tornando a prova ilícita. / In the course of a criminal investigation, the research of evidence may cause restriction to the investigated persons fundamental rights or to a third persons rights. Any fundamental right restriction shall be preceded by constitutionality control, which must be done in the light of the proportionality rule. The evidence discovery is an activity of research and recording of evidentiary source and other useful data for the criminal investigation and prosecution. During the ordinary execution of a research of evidence, it could emerge evidentiary result related to individuals and/or crimes that are not related to the historical situation of life that caused the issuing of judicial authorization for such a research. The evidentiary sources and other information obtained during the execution of a research of evidence that are connected to the historical situation of life that caused the issuing of its judicial authorization are called knowledge of the investigation. The ones which are not connected to it are called fortuitous knowledge. According to the proportionality rule, any investigative measure which causes a fundamental right restriction must be enshrined in a statutory provision and its execution requires prior judicial authorization. The evidentiary admissibility of fortuitous knowledge depends on the accomplishment of such requirements. Otherwise, there would be unlawful violation of fundamental rights, which would cause the evidence to be illegal.

En Chine, avec l’établissement progressif du système d’économie de marché socialiste, les formes et la quantité de propriété privée des citoyens ont connu une évolution constante. L’amendement constitutionnel de 2004 a officiellement consacré la protection du droit de propriété privée dans la constitution. Un système juridique initial de protection du droit de propriété privée, qui a objectivement favorisé l’essor de l’économie chinoise, a été établi. Cependant, nous devons être conscients que la situation actuelle de la protection du droit de propriété privée n’est pas optimiste en Chine. Le point essentiel du problème réside non seulement dans les divers défauts de système juridique de la propriété privée, mais également dans le fait que les normes constitutionnelles sur la garantie du droit de propriété des citoyens n’ont pas été efficacement mises en œuvre. Le 19ème Congrès national du Parti communiste chinois de 2017 a proclamé officiellement l’objectif de faire progresser le système de contrôle de constitutionnalité, et ensuite, l’amendement constitutionnel de 2018 a établi une nouvelle commission spéciale destinée à effectuer un examen constitutionnel. Ces deux événements signifient-ils que la Chine s’est bien préparée pour la construction d’un État de droit, qui a pour effet d’améliorer le système actuel de protection constitutionnelle du droit de propriété des citoyens ? Partant de cette question, la présente thèse choisit donc une perspective de mise en œuvre de la constitution et utilise l’expérience du droit français comme référence, afin d’étudier le système de la protection du droit de propriété privée en Chine / In China, with the gradual establishment of the socialist market economy, the form and quantity of ownership of citizens have evolved constantly. The constitutional amendment of 2004 has formally consecrated the property rights in the constitution. An initial legal system of protection of property right, which has objectively favored the development of the Chinese economy, has been established. However, we must be aware that the current situation of the protection of property rights is not optimistic in China. The essential point of the problem lies not only in the various deficiencies of the legal system of property, but also in the fact that the constitutional laws on the guarantee of the property right of the citizens have not been effectively implemented. The 19th National congress of the Chinese communist party has formally proclaimed the purpose of advancing the constitutional examination system, and then the constitutional amendment of 2018 established a new special commission to carry out it. Do these two events mean that China has prepared well for the construction of the rule of law, which has the effect of improving the current system of constitutional protection of the property rights of citizens? Starting from this question, the present thesis thus chooses a perspective of the implementation of the constitution and uses the experience of the French law as reference, in order to study the system of the protection of the property right in China

O estudo trata das normas - princípios e regras - da questão do monitoramento do correio eletrônico corporativo, fornecido pelo empregador ao empregado, como ferramenta de trabalho. Após breve exposição sobre o desenvolvimento e avanço tecnológico na área da informática, é abordado o impacto da era virtual nas relações de trabalho. Na segunda parte se faz referência aos direitos e princípios constitucionais que tutelam empregados e empregadores e as colisões desses princípios. No terceiro capítulo examinam-se os direitos fundamentais no contrato de trabalho, os problemas de compatibilização dos direitos de empregados e empregadores, o princípio da proporcionalidade e a solução do conflito desses princípios. No quarto capítulo se examina, perfunctoriamente, a questão do monitoramento dos equipamentos eletrônicos em outros países, algumas decisões judiciais de nossos Tribunais que fizeram alusão direta ou indireta às questões ligadas ao monitoramento dos equipamentos eletrônicos dos empregados e se apontam as soluções pesquisadas na doutrina com vistas a minimizar possíveis violação de direitos fundamentais dos empregados. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-12T19:38:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Elisabete Schneider.pdf: 1197621 bytes, checksum: 903edf1a54087d217fc0484314220394 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-12T19:38:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Elisabete Schneider.pdf: 1197621 bytes, checksum: 903edf1a54087d217fc0484314220394 (MD5) / This study treats the electronic mail norms monitoring - principles and rules, supplied by the employer to the employee as a tool work. After a brief exposition about the development and technological advance in the informatics area, the impact of the virtual age on the working relationships is approached. In the second part, a reference on the rights and constitutional principles which manage employers and employees is done. On the third chapter, the fundamental rights on the working contract, the compatibility problems between the rights of the employers and employees, the proportionality principle and the solution of the conflict of such principles are approached. The fourth chapter brings the monitoring on the electronic equipments in other countries issue, some judicial decisions of our tribunals which have done direct or indirect allusion to the issues related to the employees electronic equipments monitoring. This chapter also points out the solutions researched in the doctrine with the objective of minimizing possible fundamental rights violations in the working relationships.

La coopération en droit international privé revêt deux caractéristiques essentielles : elle est visible et elle est technique. Visible, elle est unique par la structure qu’elle requiert, notamment par la détermination d’entités spécifiques au sein des Etats impliqués par ce mécanisme de traitement du contentieux comportant un élément d’extranéité. L’interaction de ces entités requiert un engagement de la part de ces Etats par la voie d’accords internationaux interétatiques ou supraétatique. Technique, elle bouleverse le droit international privé en général. Tout d’abord, elle implique une meilleure organisation du traitement de la procédure par la mise en avant du for compétent au fond. La coopération est dépendante des règles de conflit de juridictions pour sa mise en œuvre, dont le caractère obligatoire varie selon les objectifs poursuivis par les instruments de coopération. Cette concentration du procès « international » est autorisée par la hiérarchisation des procédures qu’entraînent les mécanismes de coopération. On peut distinguer la procédure principale, des procédures accessoires, lesquels n’ont pas pour objectif de faire trancher le litige au fond. Le corollaire est la diffusion de la loi procédurale du for compétent au fond vers d’autres Etats, contraire au principe de territorialité. Inversement, le pouvoir décisionnel du for peut être altéré en raison de l’intervention préalable des entités de l’Etat d’exécution requise en matière de protection des personnes. En général, la coopération crée des règles procédurales matérielles, lesquelles doivent être analysées conformément aux droits fondamentaux de procédure dont elles sont censées défendre les objectifs. / Technicity and visibility characterize cooperation in private international law. This method is unique considering the structure it requires to be enforced. Each member State to a convention or a European regulation containing rules of cooperation shall designate specific entities which will be able to cooperate with similar foreign entities for the management of a procedure with external elements. This interaction between state entities implies a form of involvement by the states through a convention or a regulation. The interaction between cooperation and traditional method of international private law are obvious. Both aim to a better organization of proceedings implying extraneity. Cooperation and rules of jurisdiction contribute to a concentration of the debates on the authority which can hear the case because of the strength of the links between the situation and its territory. Most of the cooperation tools create subordinate proceedings before incidental authorities. This hierarchisation of proceedings has such consequences that it allows the procedural rules of the main authority to be spread abroad under conditions. Anyway some mechanisms temper with the ability of this main authority to elaborate its decisions. In matters of protection of individuals, it may be required that such authority shall ask the authority of the state of enforcement of the foregoing decision whether that decision might be enforced on its territory. Cooperation in private international uniformises procedural law for international cases and put forward fundamental rules of procedure, such as they may be found in the European convention on Human Rights.

La recherche analyse le développement du droit pénal et des politiques criminelles de l'Union européenne, en supposant que la poursuite de buts sécuritaires et de protection des droits fondamentaux soient ses principales forces motrices et justifications pour la criminalisation de certains comportements au niveau européen. Elle vise donc à clarifier ce que «sécurité» et «droits fondamentaux» signifient dans ce contexte, et de montrer comment l'intervention de l'UE dans le domaine pénal, ait affecté et remodelé les principes et catégories traditionnels du droit pénal matériel. La recherche essayer d'identifier des coordonnées pour préciser la nature et les limites de la sécurité comme intérêt juridique protégé et le but de la protection des droits fondamentaux dans leurs interrelations complexes, et leur rôle dans l'espace commun de liberté, de sécurité et de justice - ce que va etre construit par l'Union aussi par l'harmonisation du droit pénal.Après quelques considérations préliminaires sur la société occidentale postmoderne “du risque", pour mettre en évidence les difficultés rencontrées par les hypothèses traditionnelles de la théorie libérale de jus puniendi, on évaluera l'évolution des principes et catégories fondamentales du droit pénal, dont la structure est mise sous pression par l'harmonisation européenne.La recherche fait partie du domaine du droit pénal et de la théorie du droit de l'UE. Il repose largement sur l'analyse scientifique développée dans ces domaines et sur l'analyse des dispositions pertinentes des traités et des sources européennes secondaires, ainsi que sur les décisions les plus pertinentes de la CJCE, en essayant de tirer quelques considérations générales forment la politique et le document institutionnel élaboré par la Commission, le PE et le Conseil de l'UE. / The research analyses the development of criminal law and policies of the European Union, assuming that the pursuit of security and the protection of fundamental rights have been its main driving forces and principal justifications for criminalisation.It aims, therefore to clarify what “security” and “fundamental rights” mean in this context, and to show how EU intervention in criminal field, following security and fundamental rights policies, affected and reshaped the traditional principles and categories of substantive criminal law.The research try to identify some coordinates to clarify the nature and limits of security as a protected legal interest and the purpose of protection of fundamental rights in their complex interrelationship, and their role in the Common area of Freedom, Security and Justice - which is being built by the Union also through the harmonisation of criminal law.The starting point is the marked expansive trend in criminal matters due to the current conditions of the State and of representative democracy, typical of the contemporary society.After making some preliminary considerations on western postmodern “risk” society, to highlight the challenges faced by the traditional assumptions of the liberal theory of jus puniendi, I will evaluate the evolution of principle and fundamental categories of criminal law, whose structure is being put under pressure by European harmonisation.The research belongs to the field of criminal law and EU law theory. It extensively rely on influential scholarly analysis developed in those fields and on the analysis of the relevant provisions of the Treaties and secondary EU sources, as well as on the most relevant rulings from the ECJ, also trying to pull out some broad considerations form the political and institutional document produced by the Commission, the EP and the Council of the EU.

Este trabalho tem por objeto a análise do papel desempenhado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal no controle da omissão legislativa inconstitucional. Como principal objetivo, tem-se a demonstração da necessidade de superação da fórmula do legislador negativo, assumindo o STF postura ativa a bem da eficácia e da efetividade dos direitos fundamentais, sem que isso implique ofensa ao desenho constitucional de repartição e compartilhamento funcionais do exercício do poder estatal. Busca-se demonstrar, assim, a superação do paradigma do Estado Liberal e formalista, bem como a necessidade de assunção, pelo STF, de postura condizente com a sua função de Corte Suprema em um Estado Constitucional, outorgando unidade ao Direito e concretizando a Constituição por meio de atividade interpretativa. Pretende-se, além disso, revisar os conceitos tradicionais de dever de legislar e da consequente omissão legislativa inconstitucional, ilustrando-se por meio de quais instrumentos e técnicas o STF colabora (ou deve colaborar) na produção normativa e na concretização dos direitos fundamentais. Defende-se, por fim, a legitimidade democrática e jurídica da postura ativista do STF, se presente amplo diálogo institucional e social e se possibilitado o controle do exercício desses pressupostos por meio de justificação racional das decisões, afastando-se a Corte do arbítrio. / This research concerns about the role of the Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) – the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court – in regards to controlling the unconstitutional legislative omission. It aims to demonstrate the need to overcome the “negative legislator” tenet in order to the Court to admit an active perform, for the sake of efficiency and effectiveness of fundamental rights, without incurring offense to constitutional architecture of functional sharing and distribution of state power. We also intend to demonstrate the overcoming of the liberal state and its formal paradigm and the need of STF to assume consistent approach with his duty as a Supreme Court in the Rule of Law, granting unit to the Law and implementing the Constitution through interpretative activity. Moreover, we seek to review the traditional concepts of the duty to legislate and the consequent unconstitutional legislative omission, illustrating it through the demonstration of which legal instruments and techniques the Supreme Court can and must collaborate to improve the normative development and the fundamental rights concretion. Finally, we advocate the democratic and legal legitimacy of the judicial activism if involved in a wide-ranging institutional and social dialogue and if it allows the control of these assumptions through the rational justification of the judicial decisions, avoiding the Court´s arbitrariness.

La volonté et l’exécution forcée de l’obligation apparaissent comme deux notions opposées : l’une renvoie à l’idée de liberté, alors que l’autre fait écho à celle de contrainte. Elles entretiennent pourtant des liens étroits. Ceux-ci ne sont pas à chercher dans le fondement du droit à l’exécution forcée dont le créancier est titulaire, et ce même lorsque l’obligation sur laquelle porte ce droit est née d’un accord de volontés. Si la volonté constitue un critère de définition de l’exécution forcée, son influence se manifeste surtout lors du régime de cette sanction. Elle intervient, en premier lieu, comme élément déclencheur, lors de la mise en œuvre des droits que la loi confère au créancier en cas d’inexécution de l’obligation. Elle est, en second lieu, susceptible de jouer un rôle en amont lors de l’aménagement conventionnel du droit à l’exécution forcée de l’obligation. Cette double influence de la volonté sur le prononcé de l’exécution forcée risque de porter atteinte aux intérêts des parties, ainsi qu’à des valeurs et principes supérieurs : les libertés et droits fondamentaux et la loyauté. Un contrôle judiciaire de la volonté, révélant les limites à l’influence de la volonté, doit ainsi être réalisé. Il assure la conciliation, d’une part, de l’utilité sociale de l’obligation, que sert le droit à l’exécution forcée, et de la liberté contractuelle avec, d’autre part, les libertés et droits fondamentaux et la loyauté. C’est à une juste conciliation de ces exigences, ainsi qu’à un encadrement du droit à l’exécution forcée et de son aménagement conventionnel auxquels aboutit l’étude de l’exécution forcée appréhendée sous l’angle de la volonté. / Willingness and specific performance may seem opposed, because the first one refers to freedom while the second one to constraint. Yet, willingness and specific performance are strongly linked. Those links are not to be found in the grounds of the creditor’s specific performance right, even if the obligation on which this right is based comes from an agreement between the parties. While willingness is a criterion used to define specific performance, it especially expresses its influence when it comes to the regime of this sanction. Firstly, willingness influences, as a trigger, the implementation of the rights given by the law to the creditor in case of unperformed obligation. Secondly, it is likely to have a role to play upstream when parties contractually agree on an arrangement of the obligation specific performance’s right.This double influence of willingness on specific performance imposition is likely to affect both party interests and greater value and principles such as individual fundamental rights and freedoms and loyalty. A judicial assessment of willingness, which would highlight the limits of willingness influence, must be carried out. It would combine on the one hand the social utility of obligation - which is provided by specific performance - and freedom of contract with, on the other hand, fundamental rights and freedoms and loyalty. This study on specific performance, viewed from a willingness perspective, results in providing a framework for both the specific performance right and its contractual arrangement as well as a fair conciliation of those requirements.

New technologies have transformed the traditional ways in which people develop and express themselves. In that context, the internet has meant a revolution in different spheres of society, in which the users and network providers are developed. Faced with this, the question arises: Should the relations that are presented in the network be regulated?.In this article, the author develops the principle of net neutrality as the basis of the protection of the fundamental rights from the different agents that are related by this means. It will be exposed the current regulation of the matter and its scope, which finds its support in the constitutional regulation. / Las nuevas tecnologías han transformado las formas tradicionales en las que se desarrollan y expresan las personas. En ese contexto, internet ha significado una revolución en diferentes ámbitos de la sociedad, en los cuales los usuarios y proveedores de la red se desenvuelven. Ante ello, surge la interrogante: ¿deben regularse las relaciones que se presentan en la red?.En el presente artículo, el autor desarrolla el principio de neutralidad de la red como base de la protección de los derechos fundamentales de los diferentes agentes que se relacionan por este medio. Se expondrá la regulación vigente de la materia y sus alcances, la cual encuentra su sustento en la regulación constitucional.

[pt] O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a eficácia dos direitos sociais no Brasil, em especial os direitos a prestações e a justiciabilidade desses direitos perante o poder judiciário. O abismo existente entre o ideal de transformação da Constituição Federal de 1988 e a inércia demonstrada pelos costumes políticos e sociais na história recente de nosso país ressaltam o quanto o Estado e a sociedade estão falhando ao garantir as condições mínimas de existência humana digna, sem as quais se torna inviável o gozo e a fruição dos direitos fundamentais, frustrandose a efetividade da maioria das normas constitucionais. Este estudo se inicia pela análise da trajetória dos direitos fundamentais até o seu reconhecimento e positivação na Constituição Federal de 1988, passando-se em seguida, à análise dos direitos sociais como direitos fundamentais, sua aplicabilidade e os limites à eficácia dos direitos a prestações, reunindo elementos que possam justificar a crescente atuação do poder judiciário, em especial do Supremo Tribunal Federal no cenário econômico e social, na medida em que se tem atribuído a ele um novo papel no quadro da Separação de Poderes, qual seja, atender à tarefa de realização dos direitos sociais que compete, primariamente ao legislativo e ao executivo. As fontes de pesquisa são doutrinárias, além do estudo de algumas normas constitucionais pertinentes ao tema do trabalho e de jurisprudência selecionada principalmente nos julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal. / [en] This work presents a study on the efficacy of social rights in Brazil, in special the rights to benefits and justiciability in front of judiciary. The lack between the ideal transformation of Federal Constitution of 1988 and the tendency of do not change shown by political and social values in the recent history of our country highlights how much the State and the society are weakened to support the minimum conditions to the existence of human dignity, without which becomes impossible enjoy the fundamental rights, frustrating to the effectiveness of most constitutional rules. This study bigins by the analysis of the fundamental rights trajectory until its recognition on the Federal Constitution of 1988, going through the analysis of social rights as fundamental rights, their applicability and limits the efficacy of rights to benefits, grouping elements that can justify the increasing role of Judiciary, especially the Supreme Court in the economic and social set, according to his new role into the Separation of Powers, that is, comply with realization of social rights that belongs first to the legislature and the executive. The research sources are doctrinal, besides the study of some constitutional rules relevant to the theme and the jurisprudence selected mainly on the judged from the Supreme Court.