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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
461

Metodologia de geração dinâmica de padrões de viagens rodoviárias para monitoramentos inteligentes de veículos de carga em sistemas AVL. / Dynamic generation metodology of road travel patterns to vehicles intelligent monitoring in AVL systems.

Cunha, Joana Nicolini 18 September 2008 (has links)
A presente dissertação traz a questão da aderência de viagens de veículos em monitoramentos inteligentes com sistemas Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) que operam em rotas rodoviárias. Uma viagem é considerada como uma série de \"passadas\", que correspondem ao tempo em que o veículo está em movimento, mas excluindo os tempos gastos em paradas para atividades como carregamento/descarregamento entre outras. A partir de dados históricos coletados via Global Positioning System (GPS) pelo sistema AVL, uma metodologia de filtragem e aplicações estatísticas para geração das passadas é apresentada. Além disso, são propostos métodos para geração de padrões de viagem de referência, baseados em tempos de viagem e velocidades, desvios padrões, locais de descontinuidades entre outros parâmetros. A geração desses padrões em conjunto com procedimentos operacionais permite o monitoramento eficiente do progresso de viagens de frotas de veículos, para finalidades logísticas e de segurança. O progresso de um veículo ao longo de uma rota é analisado diante dos padrões de viagem de referência obtidos a partir de suas viagens prévias, de veículos similares na mesma rota ou de viagens em rotas de mesma classe, dependendo do que for mais adequado. A geração de padrões é um processo dinâmico que gera conhecimento sobre o veículo e comportamento da rodovia ao longo do tempo. Desenho do processo de monitoramento do progresso de viagem é apresentado, no qual, a cada nova coleta de dado GPS ou a cada instante solicitado pelo usuário, a aderência é medida, eventuais descontinuidades (saídas da rota, paradas ou mudança de sentido) são identificadas e avisos são gerados. Tal aderência é definida por índice de desempenho que considera os desvios de tempo em relação a valores de referência e respectivas tolerâncias. Para experimentação da metodologia, foi realizada simulação de viagem na rodovia BR116 na ligação São Paulo - Rio de Janeiro, sobre base com cerca de 130.000 registros de dados GPS associados. Com integração em Geographic Information System (GIS) para suporte de funcionalidades, foram gerados os padrões de viagem e simulado o processo de monitoramento com sucesso. / This dissertation addresses the question of vehicle travel adherence in intelligent monitoring with Automatic Transportation Location (AVL) operating in a regional environment. A trip is considered as series of runs, corresponding to time in movement but excluding time spent on activities such as loading/unloading and others. Based on historic data collected from AVL/GPS a statistical data filtering method to generate the runs is presented. Furthermore, statistical methods are proposed to generate travel patterns based on travel time, speed, standard deviation and other parameters. The pattern generation together with operational procedures allows effective monitoring of large fleets in logistics and safety. The progress of a vehicle along a route is evaluated face to the statistical patterns of its previous successful trips or against statistical patterns of similar vehicles on the same route, whichever appropriate. The generation of patterns is a dynamic continuous process that generates knowledge on vehicle and road behavior along time. A broad outline of the travel monitoring process is presented. Whenever the requested by user, the process calculates the travel adherence, identifies abnormalities and generates alarms. That adherence is defined by a performance index, which considers the travel time deviations from the reference values and the respective tolerances. Successful experimentation was carried out on the Rio de Janeiro - São Paulo motorway, with 130.000 Global Positioning System (GPS) positional data relayed from trucks to a Geographic Information System (GIS) based monitoring system in Brazil.
462

Os acidentes na atenção básica de saúde : tipologias, vítimas e territórios em uma região do município de Porto Alegre/RS / Accidents at the health basic care: typologies, victims and territories in a city quarter of the municipality of Porto Alegre-RS / Los accidentes en la atención básica de salud: tipologías, víctimas y territorios en una región de la municipalidad de Porto Alegre-RS

Bueno, André Luis Machado January 2010 (has links)
Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo retrospectivo, com abordagem quanti e qualitativa, da morbidade por causas externas não intencionais (acidentes) entre os atendimentos dos serviços de Atenção Básica de Saúde das regiões da Lomba do Pinheiro e Partenon, do município de Porto Alegre/RS, de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2008. Objetivou descrever e analisar as principais características da morbidade por causas acidentais. A partir da década de 80, as causas externas passaram a ocupar o segundo lugar entre as causas de morte no Brasil, chegando a 12,5% do total de mortes no ano 2000. Entre os tipos de agravo destacam-se as lesões acidentais e os acidentes de transporte. Este estudo se propôs a uma análise dos registros, a fim de traçar um perfil frequencial e tipológico dos atendimentos (vítimas e agravos), além de geoprocessar as informações para contextualizar os eventos. O tratamento e análise dos dados contaram com o auxílio de uma planilha eletrônica e dos softwares SPSS versão 16 e TABWIN versão 3.6 para análise dos dados quantitativos, MAPINFO versão 7.8 e TERRAVIEW versão 3.3.1 para o georreferenciamento e análise dos dados espaciais. Utilizou-se o teste estatístico qui-quadrado (p < 0,05) em conjunto com o coeficiente de contingência a fim de verificar possíveis associações e o grau das mesmas entre as variáveis. Os registros profissionais discursivos foram analisados considerando a descoberta de sentidos nas comunicações e na identificação dos comportamentos presentes nos mesmos. A análise dos dados indicou que o domicílio, com 53,8% do total de dados, foi o local de ocorrência mais registrado e que existem diferenças de comportamento na constituição das situações de vulnerabilidade aos acidentes, principalmente, ao se levar em consideração condutas pessoais, fatores ambientais, aspectos geracionais e de gênero. Constatou-se também que os olhares profissionais são predominantemente dirigidos para a lesão, desconsiderando o contexto social dos acidentes. Os registros atestam a baixa gravidade das lesões atendidas na Atenção Básica, sugerindo que muitas das mesmas possam ser tratadas localmente, sem a exigência de serviços de maior complexidade, sustentando o potencial da Atenção Básica na implementação de ações preventivas e promocionais em saúde no campo desses agravos. / It is about an epidemiologic, descriptive and retrospective study with quantitative and qualitative approach on morbidity due to non-intentional external causes (accidents) among attendances of services at the Health Basic Care units located in the city quarters of Lomba do Pinheiro and Partenon in the municipality of Porto Alegre – RS from January 2002 to December 2008. It aimed at describing and analyzing the main characteristics of morbidity due to accidental causes. From the 1980´s on, external causes started occupying the second position among death causes in Brazil, reaching 12.5% of the total deaths in the year 2000. Among the types of injuries, accidental lesions and transportation accidents stand out. This study had the proposal of making an analysis of the records in order to trace a frequency and type profile of the attendances (victims and injuries) besides processing the information geographically in order to contextualize the events. The treatment and analysis of the data were carried out with the aid of an electronic table and of software such as the 16-version SPSS and the 3.6-version TABWIN for the analysis of quantitative data and the 7.8-version MAPINFO and the 3.3.1-version TERRAVIEW for the geographic referral and space data analysis. The statistic chi-square test (p < 0.05) was utilized in association with the contingency coefficient in order to verify possible associations and their degree among the variables. The discursive professional records were analyzed by considering the discovery of meanings upon communication and in the identification of the behaviors present in such meanings. The analysis of the data indicated that the domicile comprising 53,8% of the total data was the most registered place of occurrences and that there are differences of behavior in the constitution of the situations of vulnerability to accidents mainly when one takes into consideration personal conducts, environmental factors, generation and gender aspects. It has also been found out that professional glances are mostly addressed to the lesion and do not consider the social context of the accidents. The records evidence the low severity of the lesions attended at the Basic Care Services, suggesting that they can be treated locally without requiring services of more complexity what supports the potential of the Basic Care Services in the implementation of preventive and promotional health actions in the field of these injuries. / Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo y retrospectivo, con abordaje cuantitativo y cualitativo, de la morbilidad por causas externas no intencionales (accidentes) entre los atendimientos de los servicios de Atención Básica de Salud de las regiones de Lomba do Pinheiro y Partenon en la municipalidad de Porto Alegre/RS, de enero de 2002 hasta diciembre de 2008. El objetivo fue describir y analizar las principales características de la morbilidad por causas accidentales. A partir de la década de 1980, las causas externas pasaron a ocupar la segunda posición entre las causas de muerte en Brasil, llegando a 12.5% del total de muertes en el año 2000. Entre los tipos de agravios, sobresalen las lesiones accidentales y los accidentes de transporte. Este estudio se propuso a un análisis de los registros, a fin de trazar un perfil de frecuencia y de clase de los atendimientos (víctimas y agravios), además de procesar geográficamente las informaciones para contextualizar los eventos. El tratamiento y análisis de los datos contaron con el auxilio de una planilla electrónica y de los programas computacionales SPSS versión 16 y TABWIN versión 3.6 para el análisis de los datos cuantitativos, MAPINFO versión 7.8 y TERRAVIEW versión 3.3.1 para el referencial geográfico y el análisis de los datos espaciales. Se utilizó el teste estadístico chi cuadrado (p < 0,05) en conjunto con el coeficiente de contingencia a fin de verificar posibles asociaciones y el grado de las mismas entre las variables. Los registros profesionales discursivos fueron analizados considerando el descubrimiento de sentidos en las comunicaciones y en la identificación de los comportamientos presentes en los mismos. El análisis de los datos indicó que el domicilio, con 53,8% del total de los datos, fue el local de ocurrencia más registrado y que existen diferencias de comportamiento en las constituciones de las situaciones de vulnerabilidad a los accidentes, principalmente, al llevarse en consideración conductas personales, factores ambientales, aspectos de generación y género. Se constató, también, que las miradas profesionales son predominantemente dirigidas para la lesión y no consideran el contexto social de los accidentes. Los registros atestan la baja gravedad de las lesiones atendidas en la Atención Básica, sugiriendo que muchas de las mismas pueden ser tratadas localmente, sin la exigencia de servicios de mayor complejidad, sustentando el potencial de la Atención Básica en la implementación de acciones preventivas y promocionales de salud en el campo de estos agravios.
463

Determinação do índice de acessibilidade do município de Osasco/SP pelo uso de imagens de alta resolução espacial e SIG - uma proposta metodológica. / Valuation of accessibility index through high resolution satellite images and geaographic information systems - a methodological proposal.

Machado, Cláudia Aparecida Soares 17 December 2007 (has links)
O presente estudo desenvolve uma metodologia que agrega os produtos do sensoriamento remoto, em especial imagens provenientes de satélites de alta resolução espacial, como é o caso do satélite IKONOS, com os recursos dos sistemas de informações geográficas - SIG, para planejamento de Engenharia de Transportes. O parâmetro considerado é a acessibilidade. As cidades brasileiras, notadamente as de grande e médio porte, a partir da segunda metade do século passado até os dias atuais, vêm passando por uma expansão urbana rápida, crescente e desordenada, devido à ausência do planejamento urbano. Em virtude disso ocorrem sérios problemas sociais e econômicos. As medidas de acessibilidade podem ser utilizadas pelo administrador público para promover um adequado planejamento urbano dos municípios, principalmente o planejamento da infraestrutura viária e dos sistemas de transporte público coletivo. O objetivo é apresentar um arcabouço metodológico que se vale dos produtos de sensoriamento remoto e análises em ambiente SIG, para a extração e obtenção dos dados necessários para a determinação do índice de acessibilidade do setor empresarial do município de Osasco, localizado na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. A partir de uma classificação baseada em objetos da imagem do município adquirida pelo sensor multiespectral do satélite IKONOS II, extraiu-se informações pertinentes quanto à localização das atividades comerciais e industriais do município, bem como sua posição em relação ao sistema viário da cidade. Os dados são convertidos e manipulados em um ambiente SIG. Após essa manipulação a medida de acessibilidade referente aos estabelecimentos comerciais e industriais de Osasco pode ser determinada. Tem-se, portanto, o índice de acessibilidade da atividade comercial e industrial do município. Índice esse, útil, por exemplo, para futuros investimentos e empreendimentos nesse setor para o município. A proposição desta metodologia se justifica, pois a detecção remota dos dados diminui o custo e o tempo despendidos em pesquisas de campo e atualizações de dados cadastrais. Desta forma, ela é uma alternativa interessante e bastante conveniente para localidades que não possuam dados em cadastro ou estes estão desatualizados. A validação desse método se verifica com o cálculo dessa mesma acessibilidade pelo método convencional, ou seja, com os dados do cadastro da Prefeitura do Município de Osasco, partindo da hipótese de que esses dados são corretos e confiáveis. Ao se comparar essas duas acessibilidades pode-se concluir sobre a aplicabilidade da metodologia proposta. Ao final, é possível verificar que a metodologia proposta pode ser aplicada, e é uma alternativa viável para localidades que não possuam dados cadastrais passíveis de serem usados para a determinação do índice de acessibilidade. / Considering the continuous urban growth, the lack of urban planning produces serious consequences whatever the subject. The accelerated and disordered urban sprawl faced by Brazilian cities since the 1950\'s has levered serious social and economic problems. In this context, the accessibility measures can be used as one of the several indicators to promote urban planning, mainly the highway network infrastructure and the public transportation system planning. This paper addresses a methodology for getting an accessibility index based on Remote Sensing and GIS technologies. Thus, objects of interest are detected from high resolution satellite images and then computed using GIS tools in order to refine the contextual classification process. Moreover, based on these objects as well as those based on the existing transportation road system, an accessibility index map is generated. Metrics of accessibility have been employed to validate the effective use of the proposed methodology for transportation planning. The accessibility measures are described and analyzed through a case of study in the city of Osasco, in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil. The proposed methodology consists in using the IKONOS II images to extract all the information needed to estimate accessibility. In order to do this, the first step is to do an object-based classification of the IKONOS II images. The goal of this classification is to find the commercials and industrial establishments located in the study area, and to extract the highway network of the city. These spatial data are analyzed within a GIS environment and an accessibility index is calculated using the parameters mined from the satellite images. This index is called Commercial and Industrial (C&I) accessibility, and it can be compared with C&I accessibility of other localities. The use of this methodology can be justified based on the fact that there are places with no recorded data or with outdated recorded data (highway network or C&I establishments). In this case, Remote Sensing Technologies can provide support for estimating the accessibility map index. Moreover, Remote Sensing can offer a significant reduction in cost and time for getting the database. The validation of this method is done by calculating the C&I accessibility index of the same study area through recorded data available in the Osasco municipality. These two accessibility index are compared, so it is possible to conclude about the efficiency of the proposed methodology. Therefore, the proposed methodology can be applied and it leads to satisfactory results.
464

Movimentos de massa no município de Vitória-ES: inventário, caracterização e indicativos de um modelo comportamental

Salaroli, Iramaya Sepulcri 01 September 2003 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:04:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elementos pre-textuais.pdf: 46726 bytes, checksum: 95d8cb7a0e2d1d5fe37e3351598fb8f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-09-01 / The phisiographic aspects, the intrinsic characteristics of the lands and the population growth that have been intensified during the last decade, resulted in a disorganized occupation on the slope, have brought the occurrence of mass movements in Vitória E.S., mainly during the rainy periods. This dissertation focus the identification of mass movement problems in the city, through the study and analysis of a local inventory, characterization of the movements and the determination of the indicators of behavior. The inventory was realized through the register of 1122 geological and geologic geotecnic accidents in the city of Vitória, during a period of 18 years, from 1984 to 2001, using Geografic Information System (GIS s) as a basic tool of data register. The characterization of the mass movement involves the gathering of data from the inventory, in the form of graphics, and an analysis of the determination of the mass movement conditional factors in the city. The analysis procedure used in the determination of the indicators of behavior models used comparative methods based on conditional factors of risk, in order to obtain points of homogeneous behavior of the mass movement of Vitória. The advance of knowledge of the problems involved in the mass movements in Vitória looks toward the definition of the correct counter measures in mitigating the consequences, through the suggestions of the implementation of a preventive plan. / Os aspectos fisiográficos, as características intrínsecas dos terrenos e o crescente aumento populacional que se intensificou nas últimas décadas, com a conseqüente ocupação desordenada das encostas, têm levado à ocorrência de movimentos de massa em Vitória-ES, principalmente em épocas chuvosas. Busca-se a identificação da problemática dos movimentos de massa no Município, através da elaboração de um inventário local, da caracterização dos movimentos e da determinação de indicativos de modelos comportamentais. O inventário foi realizado através do cadastro de 1122 acidentes geológicos e geológico-geotécnicos no Município de Vitória, em um período de 18 anos, entre 1984 e 2001, utilizando Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG´s) como ferramenta básica de registro e análise dos dados. A caracterização dos movimentos de massa envolve o agrupamento dos dados do inventário na forma de gráficos e a determinação dos fatores condicionantes dos movimentos de massa no Município estudado. O procedimento de análise empregado na determinação de indicativos de modelos comportamentais utiliza métodos comparativos com base nos fatores condicionantes dos movimentos de massa, de modo a obter pontos com comportamentos homogêneos frente aos movimentos. O avanço do conhecimento da problemática envolvida nas questões dos movimentos de massa no Município de Vitória visa auxiliar na definição de medidas corretas de mitigação de suas consequências, através da sugestão de implantação de um plano preventivo.
465

Desigualdade regional da mortalidade neonatal no Brasil

Oliveira, Genyklea Silva de 17 December 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:43:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GenycleaSO_DISSERT.pdf: 2009007 bytes, checksum: 19a6d4fcd41f06f499ef6b4431291aa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-17 / In Brazil, despite the decline in infant mortality in recent decades it still has high rates going against recommended by WHO. Being the largest percentage of infant mortality rate composed of neonatal deaths. Objective: A study was conducted to analyze the spatial distribution of neonatal mortality and its correlation with the biological, socioeconomic and maternal and child health care in the Brazilian states in the period from 2006 to 2010. Method: The study made thematic maps and correlation (LISA) for verification of spatial dependence and multiple linear regression models. Results: Was found that there is no spatial autocorrelation for neonatal mortality in the Brazilian states (R = 0.002, p = 0.48). Most of variables were correlated (r> 0.3, p <0.05) with neonatal mortality, forming clusters in the North and Northeast, with the highest rates of teenage mothers, low household income per capita, lower prenatal appointments and beds of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The number of Neonatal UCI beds remained independent effect after regression analysis. Conclusion: The study concludes that regional inequalities in living conditions and especially the access to maternal and child health services contribute to the unequal distribution of neonatal mortality in Brazil / No Brasil, apesar do decl?nio da mortalidade infantil nas ?ltimas d?cadas esta ainda possui altas taxas indo de encontro ao preconizado pela OMS. Sendo o maior percentual da taxa de mortalidade infantil composto pelos ?bitos neonatais. Objetivo: Realizou-se um estudo para analisar a distribui??o espacial da mortalidade neonatal e sua correla??o com os fatores biol?gicos, socioecon?micos e de aten??o ? sa?de materno-infantil nos estados brasileiros, no per?odo de 2006 a 2010. Desenho: ecol?gico, utilizando os estados brasileiros e o Distrito Federal como unidades de an?lise. M?todo: Foram constru?dos mapas tem?ticos e de correla??o (LISA) para verifica??o de depend?ncia espacial e modelos de regress?o linear m?ltipla. Resultados: Verificou-se que n?o h? autocorrela??o espacial para mortalidade neonatal nos estados brasileiros (I =0,002; p=0,48). A maioria das vari?veis estavam correlacionadas (r >0,3, p<0,05) com a mortalidade neonatal, formando clusters em estados do Norte e Nordeste, com maiores taxas de m?es adolescentes, renda domiciliar per capta baixa, menor realiza??o de consultas de pr?-natal e de leitos de UTI Neonatal. O n?mero de leitos de UTI Neonatal manteve efeito independente ap?s a an?lise de regress?o. Conclus?o: As desigualdades regionais das condi??es de vida e principalmente de acesso aos servi?os de sa?de materno-infantil contribuem para a distribui??o desigual da mortalidade neonatal no Brasil
466

Procena rizika od suficita i deficita vode namelioracionom području / Water excess and water deficit risk assessment in landreclamation area

Bezdan Atila 01 July 2014 (has links)
<p>Učestale smene veoma vlažnih i izuzetno su&scaron;nih perioda mogu prouzrokovati značajne negativne<br />posledice na poljoprivredu, životnu sredinu, ekonomiju i na dru&scaron;tvo u celini. Strogi zahtevi<br />poljoprivredne proizvodnje i specifičnosti agroklimatskih uslova i samog područja Vojvodine čine ga<br />veoma vulnerabilnim na pojavu vi&scaron;ka ili manjka vode. Jasnije sagledavanje vremenske i prostorne<br />pojave vi&scaron;ka i manjka vode i procena rizika od njihove pojave moglo bi dovesti do preduzimanja<br />odgovarajućih mera pripreme i ublažavanja negativnih posledica i pre pojave hazardnog događaja.<br />U ovom radu su kreirane metodologije na osnovu kojih su izvr&scaron;ene procene rizika od suficita i<br />deficita vode na melioracionom području Vojvodine. Procene rizika dobijene su kombinacijom procena<br />ranjivosti i procena hazarda, a baziraju se na identifikaciji ključnih faktora koji utiču na pojavu suficita i<br />deficita vode, na njihovoj analizi i adekvatnom vrednovanju i uz kori&scaron;ćenje geografskog informacionog<br />sistema. Ključni faktori su odabrani na osnovu njihovog uticaja na samu pojavu ili na ublažavanje<br />efekata su&scaron;e ili pojave vi&scaron;ka vode, na osnovu dostupnosti podataka i na osnovu istraživanja brojnih<br />autora. Vrednovanje faktora ranjivosti je izvr&scaron;eno objektivnom metodom entropije. Analize hazarda su<br />izvr&scaron;ene savremenim hidrometeorolo&scaron;kim stohastičkim metodama koje sveobuhvatno sagledavaju<br />opasnosti od pojave su&scaron;e ili vi&scaron;ka vode. Rezultati procena ranjivosti, hazarda i rizika su dobijene<br />kori&scaron;ćenjem geografskog informacionog sistema u vidu karata.<br />Metodologije na osnovu kojih su u ovom radu sprovedene procene rizika od suficita i deficita vode<br />na melioracionom području Vojvodine, omogućavaju stvaranje uslova za podizanje pripravnosti na<br />pojavu ekstremnih hidrometeorolo&scaron;kih događaja, unapređenje planiranja meliorativnih mera kao i izbor i<br />dono&scaron;enje optimalnijih odluka vezanih za upravljanje i ulaganje u meliorativne sisteme, a sve u skladu<br />sa načelima i principima održivog razvoja poljoprivrede, vodoprivrede i melioracija.</p> / <p>Frequent changes of very dry and wet periods can cause significant adverse effects on agriculture,<br />environment, economy and the whole society. Strict requirements of agricultural production and special<br />characteristics of agro-climatic conditions of the Vojvodina region makes it very vulnerable to the<br />occurrences of excess water or drought. A clearer understanding of the temporal and spatial occurrence<br />of excess water or droughts and the risk assessment of their occurrence could lead to taking appropriate<br />measures of preparedness and mitigation of negative impacts before the onset of hazardous events.<br />In this dissertation, methodologies of risk assessments of water excess and water deficit on the land<br />reclamation areas in Vojvodina were created. Risk assessments were obtained by a combination of<br />vulnerability assessments and hazard assessments, and they are based on the identification of key factors<br />affecting the occurrence of water excess and water deficit, on their analysis and adequate evaluation and<br />by using geographic information systems. Key factors were selected based on their impact on the<br />occurrence or on mitigation of the effects of drought or excess water, on the basis of data availability<br />and based on the research of numerous authors. Valuation of the vulnerability factors is made by<br />objective method of entropy weighting. Hazard analyses were performed by using contemporary<br />hydrometeorological stochastic methods that comprehensively perceive threats of drought or excess<br />water. Assessments of vulnerability, hazard and risk are preformed in GIS and results are presented in a<br />form of thematic maps.<br />Methodologies for risk assessments of water excess and water deficit in land reclamation areas of<br />Vojvodina region, created or modified in this dissertation, allows the creation of conditions for<br />increasing preparedness to extreme hydro-meteorological events, improvement of land reclamation<br />measures planning as well as improvement of selection and decision-making regarding management and<br />investment in the irrigation and drainage systems, all in accordance with the principles of sustainable<br />agriculture, water management and land reclamation.<br />&nbsp;</p>
467

以GIS為基礎的不動產估價應用系統 / The Design of The Real Estate Appraisal System Based on GIS

周宏曄 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,社會經濟進步,對「不動產估價」之需求日益殷切,例如投資房地產、利用房地產來進行借貸行為等各項需要,在在皆得依靠不動產估價的技術,因此提升了社會上對不動產估價的重視。而在今日科技如此蓬勃發展的資訊時代,若能將不動產估價的技術與電腦的數位技術相互結合,藉由電腦的強大計算能力與快速的回應能力,相信必能提升不動產估價的技術及準確度。  所以本研究致力於將不動產估價與電腦科技相結合,期望能提升不動產估價的準確度,除了利用其強大的計算能力之外,本研究更進一步地將不動產估價動作與地理資訊系統GIS(Geographic Information System)相結合,利用GIS強大的地理資料處理能力,希望能將不動產估價的技術提昇至更高的境界。  本研究的研究過程為先對不動產估價之理論與方法進行研究,並尋找出不動產估價時的程序及其所需要考量的事項,在整理融會之後,再進一步地結合GIS,以建構出一個以GIS為基礎的不動產估價系統。且每當一估價個案完成,系統便自動將此筆估價個案之資料與結果回饋(輸入)給系統,成為一筆新增之買賣實例,如此一來,買賣實例資料庫將會愈來愈大,愈來愈完整,也將會使得系統的估價能力愈準確、可信度愈高。 因為在台灣不動產估價已經逐漸受到社會各界,例如銀行、租賃公司和房屋仲介公司等的重視,所以本研究企圖整理出各種常用估價模式及其所需的資料,並結合地理資訊系統(Geographic Information System,GIS)的技術,建構出一個以GIS為基礎的泛用型不動產估價資訊系統之原型,期能藉此提高不動產估價行為的效率與精確度,並希望對GIS的應用領域提供一個新的窗口,進而擴大GIS的長遠發展。 / Recently, the need for appraisal of real estate is more and more important for people. When we invest the money in the real estate or use real estate to borrow money, we must depend on the technique for appraisal of real estate. Now, we are in the information world. If we can take advantage of the ability of the computer to appraise the real estate, it must be able to promote the technique and accuracy of appraisal in real estate.  So in this thesis, it was applied to combine the appraisal in real estate and the ability of the computer and it hoped that it could increase the accuracy of appraisal. Besides the computing ability, this thesis wanted to combine the technique GIS (Geographic Information System) and the appraisal in the real estate. It wanted to take advantage of the processing ability in geographic data in GIS to higher the technique in appraising real restate.  In this thesis, we attempt to arrange some general appraisal models and data the models need and to use the technique of GIS to design a prototype appraisal system. We hope that the system will be able to higher the efficiency and accuracy of appraisal in real estate. And we hope we will create a new way to take advantage of the ability of GIS.
468

A cooperative effort to track Humboldt squid invasions in Oregon

Chesney, Tanya A. 04 September 2012 (has links)
Interannual variability of Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) occurrence in the northern California Current System is largely unknown. In Oregon, the distribution of this versatile predator and what is influencing their range expansion from Mexico is poorly understood due to the recent nature of their "invasion" and a lack of monitoring. Humboldt squid are large predators that have the potential to affect ecosystem structure and fisheries because of their high-energy demands and ability to exploit a variety of oceanographic conditions and prey sources. Developing baseline distribution information is a critical first step to assess their potential ecological, social, and economic impacts, and to develop models to predict future range expansion. This study has two main objectives: (1) to document where and when Humboldt squid have been present in Oregon through cooperative fisheries research, and (2) to correlate the sightings with oceanographic conditions using a geographic information system (GIS) and species distribution modeling (SDM). I conducted 54 interviews with local fishermen and aggregated their squid sightings with available fishery-independent survey and fishery-dependent observer data from the National Marine Fisheries Service. I compiled a total of 339 Humboldt squid sightings, reported for the years 2002-2011 from the Oregon coast to 131�� west longitude. Correlation analyses were performed for Humboldt squid sightings and sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll a content (chla), sea surface height anomalies (SSH), dissolved oxygen at 30 m depth (30 m DO), and sea surface salinity (SSS) using a GIS, nonparametric multiplicative regression (NPMR) habitat modeling, and maximum entropy modeling (Maxent). Results indicate that oceanographic conditions have the potential to influence Humboldt squid occurrence, and in Oregon, sightings vary temporally and spatially. Combining the sightings from fishermen and scientific surveys greatly enhanced the spatial extent of the data. Humboldt squid were most frequently observed between 124.4��W and 125��W in proximity to the shelf-break at the 200 m isobath, with peak sightings (116) recorded in 2009 and the fewest (6) reported in 2003 and 2011. The highest occurrence of Humboldt squid were observed at a SST of 10.5-13.0��C, 0.26-3.0 mg m����� chla content, -4.0-1.0 m SSH anomalies, 32.2-32.8 psu SSS, and at 3-4.5 ml L����� and 6-7 ml L����� 30 m depth DO. Maps of estimated likelihood of occurrence generated by NPMR were consistent with overlayed observations from fishermen, which were not used in the model because they were limited to presence-only information. An interdisciplinary approach that incorporates cooperative fisheries research and ecosystem-based management is necessary for monitoring Humboldt squid in Oregon. Traditional methods are insufficient because Humboldt squid are data-poor, highly migratory, and are main predators of many commercially important fisheries in Oregon. Based on my findings, sightings recorded by fishermen covered a much larger area over a longer time frame than the scientific survey and observer data, and excluding their knowledge would have led to a different interpretation of Humboldt squid distribution and environmental tolerances. Although there is uncertainty in the data from potential map bias or misidentification of smaller Humboldt squid, incorporating sightings from fishermen with traditional fisheries research increases the quantity and quality of information. Cooperative monitoring for Humboldt squid could include training in species identification and sea condition reporting in logbooks. Future "invasions" are likely, and more eyes on the water will improve our understanding of the behavior and impacts of Humboldt squid on coastal resources. / Graduation date: 2013
469

Model-predicting the effect of freshwater inflow on saltwater layers, migration and life history of zooplankton in the Arctic Ocean: Towards scenarios and future trends

Schmid, Moritz 01 April 2012 (has links)
Dt. Titel: Vorhersagemodelle für den Einfluss von Süßwasser Einstrom auf Salzwasser Schichten, Wanderbewegung und Lebenszyklen des Zooplankton im Arktischen Ozean: Szenarien und Trends in der Zukunft
470

Defining GeoDesign and the emergent role of the sustainable sites initiative (SITES) for integrative project management

Risinger, Emily Diane 16 March 2015 (has links)
This report is a discussion of the multifarious applications of the modern day geographic information system and how the universal merit of the technology across disciplines has led to the emergence of GeoDesign. The purpose of this Master’s Professional Report was to retrace the core conceptual framework and landmark events occurring in the evolution GIS technology, and how these factors have led to recent creation of new performance based rating systems and evidence-based design techniques. The Sustainable Sites Initiative (SITES), a new performance based rating system that has emerged in response to the call for increased knowledge and best practices lacking in LEED, is discussed; along with integrated project management. This professional report was intended to be an exploratory discussion of the larger theoretical implications fueling the shift towards mandating greater standards for sustainable design. It offers some ideas for how we should continue evolving GeoDesign moving into the next century; and outlines the importance of all new rating systems needing to acknowledge the growing importance of GeoDesign and ever advancing imagery technologies in understanding complex system processes in the future. / text

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