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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

Uso de técnicas de proteoma e genoma funcional para revelar as bases moleculares da ação anti-tumoral de ácido retinóico / Use of proteomics and functional genomics to unravel the molecular mechanisms of retinoic acid as an anti-tumor agent

Montor, Wagner Ricardo 09 March 2005 (has links)
Controlar a proliferação celular de tumores é um objetivo que vem sendo perseguido há décadas, com moderado sucesso na maioria dos casos. Dentre os diversos tipos de tumores que atingem a humanidade, alguns gliomas são considerados os mais fatais, por haver pouca ou nenhuma alternativa de tratamento efetivo. Agentes que apresentam propriedades anti-tumorais, como glicocorticóides (GC) e a forma all-trans do ácido retinóico (ATRA) são utilizados como adjuvantes no tratamento de alguns tipos de glioma. Entretanto, apesar de serem moléculas bastante conhecidas, pouco se sabe sobre seu mecanismo de ação como anti-tumoral. Para endereçar este problema, nosso laboratório se propôs a isolar e caracterizar genes regulados por estes agentes, utilizando modelos celulares, como as linhagens C6 e ST1 de glioma de rato, e as linhagens T98G e A172 de glioma humano. A linhagem C6 apresenta características de células transformadas e tumorais em cultura, e responde a GC, ou ATRA, com inibição de crescimento e achatamento celular. A linhagem ST1, variante derivado da C6, é hiper-responsiva ao tratamento com GC e, aparentemente, mais responsiva ao tratamento com ATRA, passando por um processo de completa reversão fenotípica tumoral-normal, devido ao expressivo aumento do tempo de dobramento, diminuição da densidade de saturação, recuperação da dependência de fatores de crescimento presentes no soro fetal bovino e da dependência de ancoragem para proliferação e perda do potencial tumorigênico, além de sofrer alterações morfológicas, como um maior achatamento celular e reorganização em feixes paralelos, que a aproximam do fenótipo normal. No presente trabalho buscou-se alterações moleculares induzidas por ATRA em células ST1, para melhor compreender a cascata de eventos desencadeada por ação deste fármaco. Em paralelo foram realizados estudos da ação de ATRA sobre as células T98G, buscando-se correlacionar os dados obtidos em modelo celular murino com modelos humanos. Para tanto, duas metodologias de estudo foram aplicadas: a) análise proteômica através de eletroforese bidimensional de proteínas (2D-PAGE), acoplada à espectrometria de massa (MALDI-TOF), para gerar perfis de expressão protéica na ausência e na presença de ATRA, permitindo comparação e identificação de proteínas moduladas no processo; b) construção de vetores plasmideais e retrovirais para super-expressar ou bloquear a expressão de um inibidor de serina protease de rato (serpinb6), descrito previamente no laboratório como estando potencialmente envolvido no processo de reversão fenotípica de ST1 induzido por ATRA. A abordagem proteômica permitiu a identificação de sete proteínas potencialmente reguladas por ATRA no modelo celular ST1, como as proteínas envolvidas em proliferação celular (c-Fos e SCGF), as proteínas de citoesqueleto (actina e tubulina), as proteínas envolvidas em estresse celular (GRP78 e Hsc70) e a proteína TCTP, classicamente reprimida em processos de reversão do fenótipo tumoral. O uso de construções plasmideais e retrovirais permitiu a obtenção de populações celulares que super-expressam serpinb6 e a análise de fenótipo destas células indicou que serpinb6 também pode ter função citoprotetora em células ST1, o que a coloca junto com as proteínas GRP78 e Hsc70 identificadas, evidenciando a importância desta classe de proteínas no processo estudado. / Control of tumor cell proliferation is an objective that has been pursued for decades, with modest or no success in the majority of the cases. Among the several kinds of tumors that develop in humans, some gliomas are considered the most fatal, due to the lack of alternatives for effective treatment. Anti-tumor agents, such as glucocorticoids (GC) or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) are used in combination with other drugs in some glioma cases. However, besides being very known molecules, their anti-tumor mechanism is not completely understood. In order to address this problem, our laboratory decided to isolate and characterize genes regulated by these agents, using cellular models, such as the C6 and ST1 rat glioma cell lines and the T98G and A172 human glioma models. The C6 cell line is fully transformed and tumoral in culture and responds to GC or ATRA treatment, showing growth inhibition and cell flattening. The ST1 variant is hyper-responsive to the treatment with GC and, apparently, more responsive to the treatment with ATRA, when compared to C6. Upon treatment with these agents, it undergoes a complete tumoral to normal phenotypic reversion, characterized by an increase in doubling time, decrease of saturation density in culture, recovery of dependence of serum factors for proliferation and anchorage for colony formation, besides inhability to form tumors in nude mice and morphological changes. Here we present the efforts undertaken towards better understanding of the molecular changes induced by ATRA in ST1 cells. Aiming at the correlation of the data obtained from a rat model with human models, all the studies were performed in parallel with the T98G human glioma cell model. To this end, two study methodologies were applied: a) proteomic analysis through bidimensional electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF identification, to generate protein expression profiles in the presence and absence of ATRA, allowing comparison and identification of proteins modulated in the process; b) construction of plasmid and retroviral vectors to overexpress or block the expression of a serine protease inhibitor (serpinb6), previously described in the laboratory as being potentially involved in the process of tumoral to normal phenotypic reversion promoted by ATRA in ST1. The proteomics approach allowed the identification of seven proteins potentially regulated by ATRA in ST1, such as the proteins involved in cell proliferation (c-Fos and SCGF), cytoskeleton organization (actin and tubulin), cellular stress (GRP78 and Hsc70) and the tumor related protein TCTP, classically repressed in tumoral to normal reversions, and related to the three groups of proteins mentioned above. By using plasmid and retroviral vectors it was possible to obtain recombinant cell populations over-expressing serpinb6. The phenotype analysis of these populations indicated that serpinb6 can also have cell protection effects in ST1, which would classify it together with GRP78 and Hsc70 as an anti-stress protein highlighting the importance of this protein class in the process studied.
242

Estudo da interação de metalofármacos de dirutênio-anti-inflamatórios com as proteínas séricas transferrina e albumina / Study on the interaction of diruthenium-antiinflamatory metallodrugs with albumin and transferrin serum proteins

Rute Nazaré Fernandes Sanches 26 April 2016 (has links)
Metalofármacos baseados em rutênio têm se mostrado promissores com relação à atividade anticancerígena frente a diversos tipos de tumores. Nosso grupo de pesquisa dedica-se ao estudo de compostos contendo o centro dimetálico de valência mista Ru2(II,III) coordenado a ligantes derivados de Faines (Fármacos anti-inflamatórios não esteroides), tendo demostrando o potencial desses complexos frente a glioma. O entendimento do modo de ação destes complexos requer o estudo de suas interações com biomoléculas presentes no meio biológico. Neste cenário, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a interação de três complexos de dirutênio-Faines, ou RuFaines, [Ru2(ibp)4Cl], [Ru2(ceto)4Cl] e [Ru2(npx)4(H2O)2]PF6 (ibp = ibuprofenato, ceto = cetoprofenato e npx = naproxenato), e também do precursor [Ru2(O2CCH3)4Cl], RuAc, com as principais proteínas presentes no soro humano, transferrina e albumina. Os complexos foram sintetizados e caracterizados conforme metodologias desenvolvidas no grupo. A interação destes complexos com a transferrina, em suas formas apo e holo, e com a albumina foi avaliada por técnicas como espectroscopia eletrônica, dicroísmo circular, fluorescência, e realizaram-se estudos de ultrafiltração com análise do aduto formado por ICP-OES e espectrometria de massas. Além disso, fez-se um estudo de captação celular dos complexos RuFaines por células de glioma humano da linhagem U-87. Os resultados demonstraram que os complexos de dirutênio-Faines interagem com ambas as proteínas séricas (transferrina (apo e holo) e albumina), de modo semelhante, mas que é distinto daquele observado para o complexo RuAc. A presença de íons Fe(III) nos sítios específicos da transferrina não afetou a interação dos complexos RuFaines, enquanto que um comportamento diferente foi observado para o RuAc. Verificou-se que todas as proteínas avaliadas (albumina, apo-transferrina e holo-transferrina) apresentam capacidades similares de retenção dos complexos (~ 70% da quantidade de Ru adicionada inicialmente), independentemente da natureza do ligante carboxilato coordenado. Estudos de captação celular mostraram que a interação dos complexos RuFaines com a transferrina não contribuiu para modificar a capacidade de entrada desses complexos na célula, em comparação com os metalofármacos livres. Em alguns casos, inclusive, a formação de aduto com a apo-transferrina teve um efeito contrário, diminuindo a captação de rutênio. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que o ciclo da transferrina provavelmente não é a principal rota de entrada nas células para os complexos estudados. / Ruthenium metallodrugs have shown promising antitumor activity against to several tumor types. Our research group is dedicated to study compounds containing the mixed-valence Ru2(II,III) dimetallic center coordinated to NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) derived ligands, and have demonstrated the potential of these complexes against glioma. The understanding of the mode of action of these complexes requires the study of their interactions with biomolecules present in biological environment. In this scenario, the present work aimed to investigate the interaction of three complexes of diruthenium-NSAIDs, or RuNSAIDs, [Ru2(ibp)4Cl], [Ru2(ceto)4Cl] and [Ru2(npx)4(H2O)2]PF6 (ibp = ibuprofenate, ceto = ketoprofenate, npx = naproxenate), and also of the precursor [Ru2(O2CCH3)4Cl], RuAc, with the major proteins present in the human serum, transferrin and albumin. The complexes were synthesized and characterized according to methods developed in our group. The interaction of these complexes with transferrin, in the two forms apo and holo, and with albumin was evaluated by techniques as electronic spectroscopy, circular dichroism, fluorescence, and ultrafiltration studies accompanied by analysis of adducts by ICP-OES and mass spectrometry. Moreover, cellular uptake studies of the RuNSAIDs complexes by U-87 human glioma cells line were performed. The results demonstrated that the diruthenium-NSAIDs complexes interact with both proteins (transferrin (apo and holo) and albumin), in a similar way, but that is distinct of that observed for the RuAc complex. The presence of Fe(III) ions in transferrin specific binding sites did not affect the interaction of the RuNSAID complexes with the protein, while a different behavior was shown by RuAc. All the proteins studied here (albumin, apo-transferrin and holo-transferrin) showed similar capabilities for retention of the complexes (~ 70 % of the initial amount of Ru added), independently of the nature of the coordinated carboxylate ligand. Cellular uptake studies showed that the interaction of the RuNSAIDs complexes with transferrin did not contribute to modify the internalization capacity of these complexes, in comparison with the free metallodrugs. In some cases, the adduct formation with apo-transferrin showed an opposite effect, leading to the decrease of ruthenium uptake. The findings led to the conclusion that transferrin cycle probably is not the main entry way to the cells for the studied complexes.
243

Fatores genéticos relacionados ao ciclo celular, sinalização intracelular e angiogênese e perfil clínico/radiológico em pacientes com gliomas.

Calastri, Maria Clara Jessica 22 November 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2018-02-27T13:37:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaclarajcalastri_dissert.pdf: 1722484 bytes, checksum: 2401a4cd41d772b6af93c5b9f425ce1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-27T13:37:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaclarajcalastri_dissert.pdf: 1722484 bytes, checksum: 2401a4cd41d772b6af93c5b9f425ce1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Introduction - Gliomas stand out as the most aggressive malignant tumors of the central nervous system. The identification of candidate genes as biomarkers helps to clarify the pathophysiology of gliomas, supports in early diagnosis of the disease, in addition to new therapeutic interventions. Objectives – To evaluate the association of genetic variants related to cell cycle regulation (CCND1), DNA repair (XRCC1) and DNA integrity (RTEL1), intracellular signaling (EGFR), and angiogenesis (VEGF) with gliomas, as well as anatomic-morphological and functional profiles and response to the treatment. Patients and Methods – A total of 303 individuals were studied: 100 patients with gliomas (SG=Study Group), regardless of the degree of malignancy; and 203 individuals without the disease (CG=Control Group). Genotyping of the polymorphisms CCND1-rs9344, XRCC1-rs25487, RTEL1-rs6010620, EGFR-rs1468727 and VEGF-rs2010963 was analyzed by real-time PCR (TaqMan® SNP Genotyping). Anatomic/morphological and functional profiles were obtained through magnetic resonance imaging; whereas clinical data, lifestyle habits and comorbidities from medical records and questionnaire. Significance level set at 5%. Results - Smoking, alcohol consumption, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) prevailed in patients compared to controls (P<0.05). The heterozygous genotype stood out in both groups, as well as the wild-type homozygous of XRCC1- rs25487 (T/T) and VEGF- rs2010963 (G/G), and their respective alleles G, G, T, T and G (P> 0.05). Genotypes with mutant alleles prevailed in patients with gliomas, smoking (CCND1, XRCC1, RTEL1, EGFR e VEGF) and drinking habits (RTEL1 e EGFR) and comorbidities, such as SAH (RTEL1 e EGFR) and DM (CCND1, RTEL1, EGFR e VEGF), compared to controls (P<0.05). There was no relationship between these polymorphisms and the histological classifying of the gliomas (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed alcohol consumption, SAH and DM as independent risk factors for the disease (P<0.0001, P=0.0069, P=0.0394, respectively). Patients with low-grade gliomas (II) showed survival of 80.0±1.7% in three years, compared to patients with high-grade gliomas (III-IV; P=0.2689), but without statistical difference. While the total sample showed 16.7±5.0% in three years, with no relation with the genetic variants in both analyses (P>0.05). The combination of radiation therapy (RT) and Temozolamide (TMZ + RT) was emphasized, with survival rate of 78.7±7.6% in 20 months, compared to TMZ (21.9±5.1%), although with no significant difference (P=0.8711). Conclusion - Genetic variants of CCND1, XRCC1, RTEL1, EGFR and VEGF are not associated with gliomas. However, lifestyle habits and comorbidities stand out in patients, mainly alcohol consumption and SAH and DM, which are independent risk factors for the disease. There is a relationship between the presence of mutant alleles, lifestyle and comorbidities, which can increase the risk for gliomas; however, this does not occur for the anatomic/morphological and functional profiles. Notably, low-grade gliomas show increased survival in patients, as well as the TMZ + RT treatment which should be further confirmed in wide studies. / Introdução – Gliomas destacam-se como os tumores malignos mais agressivos do sistema nervoso central. A identificação de genes candidatos a biomarcadores contribui para esclarecer a fisiopatologia dos gliomas e auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce da doença, além de novas intervenções terapêuticas. Objetivos - Avaliar a associação de variantes genéticas relacionadas à regulação do ciclo celular (CCND1), reparo (XRCC1) e integridade do DNA (RTEL1), sinalização intracellular (EGFR), e angiogênese (VEGF) com gliomas, além do perfil anato-morfológico/funcional e resposta ao tratamento. Casuística e Métodos – Foram estudados 303 indivíduos, sendo 100 com gliomas (GE=Grupo de Estudo), independente do grau de malignidade e 203 controles (GC=Grupo Controle) para análise dos polimorfismos CCND1-rs9344, XRCC1-rs25487, RTEL1-rs6010620, EGFR-rs1468727 e VEGF-rs2010963. As genotipagens foram realizadas por PCR em tempo real (TaqMan SNP Getotyping). Perfil anato-morfológico/funcional foi obtido por ressonância magnética, enquanto dados clínicos, hábitos de vida e comorbidades em prontuário médico e questionário. Admitiu-se erro α de 5%. Resultados - Tabagismo, etilismo, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e diabetes mellitus (DM) prevaleceram nos pacientes, comparado aos controles (P<0,05). Destacaram-se em ambos os grupos o genótipo heterozigoto de CCND1-rs9344 (G/A), RTEL1- rs6010620 (A/G) e EGFR- rs1468727 (T/C), e o homozigoto selvagem de XRCC1- rs25487 (T/T) e VEGF- rs2010963 (G/G), assim como os respectivos alelos G, G, T, T e G (P>0,05). Genótipos com alelos mutantes prevaleceram em pacientes com gliomas e hábito tabagista (CCND1, XRCC1, RTEL1, EGFR e VEGF) ou etilista (RTEL1 e EGFR) e comorbidades como HAS (RTEL1 e EGFR) e DM (CCND1, RTEL1, EGFR e VEGF), comparado aos controles (P<0,05). Não houve relação entre os referidos polimorfismos e o grau histológico dos gliomas (P>0,05). A análise de regressão logística mostrou etilismo, HAS e DM como fatores de risco independentes para a doença (P<0,0001; P=0,0069; P=0,0394, respectivamente). Pacientes com gliomas de baixo grau (II) apresentaram sobrevida de 80,0±1,7% em três anos, comparados àqueles com alto grau (III-IV; P=0,2689), porém sem diferença estatística. Enquanto a casuística total mostrou 16,7±5,0% de pacientes livres do evento/óbito em três anos, sem relação com as variantes genéticas em ambas as análises (P>0,05). Destacou-se a combinação de radioterapia (RT) e Temozolamide (TMZ + RT), com sobrevida de 78,7±7,6% em 20 meses, comparado a TMZ (21,9±5,1%), porém sem diferença significante (P=0,8711). Conclusão – Variantes genéticas de CCND1, XRCC1, RTEL1, EGFR e VEGF não se associam com gliomas, no entanto, hábitos de vida e comorbidades destacam-se nos pacientes, particularmente etilismo, HAS e DM, fatores de risco independentes para a doença. Há relação entre presença de alelos mutantes, hábitos de vida e comorbidades, o que pode potencializar o risco para gliomas, no entanto, isso não ocorre para o perfil anatomorfológico/funcional. Ressalta-se que gliomas de baixo grau conferem acréscimo à sobrevida dos pacientes, assim como, o tratamento TMZ+RT o que deve ser, no entanto, confirmado em amplos estudos.
244

Target in context : molecular pathology of pediatric ependymoma and high grade glioma

Andreiuolo, Felipe 13 June 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Biomarkers for the classification, clinical management and prognosis of pediatric brain tumors (ependymoma and high grade glioma, (HGG)) are lacking. To address this, biomarkers were developed and explored in view of classification, prognostication, target identification and prediction of the efficacy of treatment for patients with such tumors.We show that overexpression of neuronal markers distinguishes supratentorial from infratentorial ependymoma, and among the former higher immunoexpression of neurofilament 70 (NEFL) is correlated with better progression free survival (PFS). Tenascin-C (TNC) is significantly overexpressed in infratentorial ependymoma. A multi-institutional European ependymoma collaboration group was established and analyses were performed in a pediatric cohort of 250 patients, where immunohistochemistry (IHC) for TNC showed to be a robust marker of poor overall survival (OS) and PFS, particularly among children under 3 years, this being further validated in an independent cohort. Techniques and scoring performed in different laboratories were highly reproducible. IHC for NEFL and TNC could be used for prognostication of pediatric ependymoma.The analysis of putative predictive markers for the response to targeted therapies in pediatric HGG in the setting of a clinical trial with the anti-EGFR agent erlotinib was performed by IHC and fluorescent in situ hybridization. The frequent loss of PTEN in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and the confirmation of the biological singularity of the certain subgroups (expressing EGFR, displaying oligodendroglial differentiation) which seem to be associated with better response to erlotinib have helped our group to establish the design of the next Phase III protocol for this disease at our institution. We report mutations in PI3KCA constituting the first identification of oncogene mutations in some DIPG, which further highlight their biological heterogeneity. Further studies are needed to define the interaction between PTEN loss, EGFR overexpression, oligodendroglial differentiation, PI3KCA mutations and other recent findings such as PDGFRA/MET gains/amplification and TP53 mutations in these heterogeneous lesions and their relationship to the outcome of patients under new targeted therapies for this largely fatal disease.This thesis has allowed us to explore the molecular pathology in the context of biology and clinical setting of pediatric brain tumors.
245

Rodent FDG-PET imaging for the pre-clinical assessment of novel glioma therapies

Assadian, Sarah. January 2007 (has links)
The rapid discovery of novel therapeutic agents, targeting the specific mechanism of cancer progression, invasion and angiogenesis, necessitates the development and validation of efficient techniques to assess the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs in vivo. Recently the development of dedicated PET scanners for the imaging of small animals, such as the microPET system (CTI Concorde R4), has allowed for the high-resolution functional and molecular imaging of murine and rodent models of disease. This study, investigates the ability of microPET imaging, using the 18F labelled 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET tracer, to detect the therapeutic efficacy of novel targeted therapies in a rat model of glioma. This technique potentially allows for the rapid and high-throughput assessment of tumour response and evaluation of efficacy of such therapeutic agents in vivo at the pre-clinical stage and will, consequently, facilitate the translation of these novel drugs from the discovery to the clinical phases. / La découverte accélérée de nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques qui ciblent lesmécanismes de progression du cancer tels que l'invasion et l'angiogenèse, nécessite lamise au point et la validation de techniques efficaces qui permettent d'évaluer l'efficacitéthérapeutique de ces agents in vivo. Le développement récent des scanners detomographie à émission de positron (TEP) dédiés à l'imagerie de petits animaux(microPET, CT! Concorde R4), permet aujourd'hui d'obtenir une image fonctionnelle etmoléculaire de haute résolution des modèles rongeurs. Cette étude s'intéresse au potentieldu 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) en utilisant l'imagerie microPET dansl'évaluation de l'efficacité de nouveaux agents thérapeutiques dans un modèle de gliomechez le. rat. Cette technique pourrait éventuellement mener à une évaluation rapide et àgrande échelle de la réponse tumorale, ainsi que la mesure de l'efficacité d'agentsthérapeutiques in vivo au stade d'étude préclinique. Globalement, cette étude a pour butde faciliter la transition entre la découverte de nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques et leursapplications cliniques.
246

α-bisabolol e óxido de bisabolol A : atividade antitumoral em linhagens celulares de cânceres do sistema nervoso central

Mendes, Franciane Brackmann January 2014 (has links)
Diversas neoplasias podem atingir o sistema nervoso central e dentre elas, os tumores cerebrais são os mais prevalentes. Dentre todos os tumores cerebrais, dois merecem especial atenção: gliomas e meduloblastomas, por serem os mais recorrentes em adultos e crianças, respectivamente. O alfa-bisabolol é um pequeno álcool sesquiterpeno oleoso, que apresenta diversas atividades biológicas dentre elas, citotoxicidade. Apesar dos diversos estudos com essa molécula, pouco se sabe das atividades biológicas de seu análogo natural, o óxido de bisabolol A. Além disso, o sistema purinérgico tem sido relacionado com progressão e desenvolvimento tumoral. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de dois promissores novos agentes quimioterápicos (alfa-bisabolol e óxido de bisabolol A) e correlacionar esses efeitos com possíveis modulações do sistema purinérgico, que é considerado um novo alvo terapêutico em linhagens de glioma e meduloblastoma. Nós observamos que a atividade da ecto-5’-nucleotidase, importante enzima do sistema purinérgico, é aumentada tanto em linhagens de glioma quanto de meduloblastoma quando estas são tratadas com alfa-bisabolol. Vimos também que esse aumento na atividade deu-se por um efeito direto do tratamento sob a enzima, com uma redução da expressão do mRNA da ecto-5’-nucleotidase em linhagem de glioma e sem alteração no imunoconteúdo dessa enzima em linhagens de meduloblastoma. Em linhagens de glioma, adicionalmente, a atividade citotóxica do alfa-bisabolol foi correlacionada com estímulo ao receptor de adenosina A3. Ainda, as linhagens estudadas foram sensíveis aos tratamentos com alfa-bisabolol e óxido de bisabolol A. Em conclusão, os dados obtidos nesse trabalho demonstram que tanto o alfabisabolol quanto o óxido de bisabolol A são interesseantes novas possibilidades terapêuticas para os tumores cerebrais e que a atividade citotóxica do primeiro composto envolve modulação do sistema purinérgico. Mais estudos são necessários para entender a efetividade desses tratamentos in vivo e se o tratamento com o óxido de bisabolol A também modula o sistema purinérgico. / Among all the cancers that can affect the central nervous system, the brais tumors are the most prevalent. Two of this tumors deserve special attention: glioma and medulloblastoma once they are the most prevalent in adults and children respectively. Alpha-bisabolol is a small oily sesquiterphene alcohol that presents diverse biological activities, among them, citotoxicity. In despite of the diverse studies using this molecule, little is known about the biological activities of its natural analogue bisabolol oxide A. Besides, the purinergic system has been related to tumor development and progression. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of two new promising chemotherapic agents (alpha-bisabolol and bisabolol oxide A) and correlate this effects with possible modulations of the purinergic system which is considered an interesting therapeutical target to glioma and medulloblastomas. We observed that the activity of ecto-5’-nucleotidase, an important enzyme of the purinergic system, is increased in both glioma and medulloblastoma cell lines when the cells are treated with alpha-bisabolol. It was also observed that this increase on activity was due to and direct effect of this treatment in the enzyme. Also, the treatment lead to a reduction on mRNA level of ecto-5’- nucleotidase on glioma cell line and no alterations on the imunocontent of the enzyme was observed on medulloblastoma cell lines. Additionally, the citotoxic activity of alpha-bisabolol on glioma cell line was correlated with modulation on A3 adenosine receptor. Moreover, the cell lines used in this work were sensible to the treatments with alpha-bisabolol and bisabolol oxide A. In a conclusion, the data obtained in this work demonstrate that alpha-bisabolol and bisabolol oxide A are both interesting new therapeutical possibilities to brain tumors and the citotoxic activity of the first compound is related with modulations on the purinergic system. More studies are needed to better understand the effectiveness of these treatments in vivo and if the compound bisabolol oxide A also promotes a modulation on the purinergic system.
247

α-bisabolol e óxido de bisabolol A : atividade antitumoral em linhagens celulares de cânceres do sistema nervoso central

Mendes, Franciane Brackmann January 2014 (has links)
Diversas neoplasias podem atingir o sistema nervoso central e dentre elas, os tumores cerebrais são os mais prevalentes. Dentre todos os tumores cerebrais, dois merecem especial atenção: gliomas e meduloblastomas, por serem os mais recorrentes em adultos e crianças, respectivamente. O alfa-bisabolol é um pequeno álcool sesquiterpeno oleoso, que apresenta diversas atividades biológicas dentre elas, citotoxicidade. Apesar dos diversos estudos com essa molécula, pouco se sabe das atividades biológicas de seu análogo natural, o óxido de bisabolol A. Além disso, o sistema purinérgico tem sido relacionado com progressão e desenvolvimento tumoral. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de dois promissores novos agentes quimioterápicos (alfa-bisabolol e óxido de bisabolol A) e correlacionar esses efeitos com possíveis modulações do sistema purinérgico, que é considerado um novo alvo terapêutico em linhagens de glioma e meduloblastoma. Nós observamos que a atividade da ecto-5’-nucleotidase, importante enzima do sistema purinérgico, é aumentada tanto em linhagens de glioma quanto de meduloblastoma quando estas são tratadas com alfa-bisabolol. Vimos também que esse aumento na atividade deu-se por um efeito direto do tratamento sob a enzima, com uma redução da expressão do mRNA da ecto-5’-nucleotidase em linhagem de glioma e sem alteração no imunoconteúdo dessa enzima em linhagens de meduloblastoma. Em linhagens de glioma, adicionalmente, a atividade citotóxica do alfa-bisabolol foi correlacionada com estímulo ao receptor de adenosina A3. Ainda, as linhagens estudadas foram sensíveis aos tratamentos com alfa-bisabolol e óxido de bisabolol A. Em conclusão, os dados obtidos nesse trabalho demonstram que tanto o alfabisabolol quanto o óxido de bisabolol A são interesseantes novas possibilidades terapêuticas para os tumores cerebrais e que a atividade citotóxica do primeiro composto envolve modulação do sistema purinérgico. Mais estudos são necessários para entender a efetividade desses tratamentos in vivo e se o tratamento com o óxido de bisabolol A também modula o sistema purinérgico. / Among all the cancers that can affect the central nervous system, the brais tumors are the most prevalent. Two of this tumors deserve special attention: glioma and medulloblastoma once they are the most prevalent in adults and children respectively. Alpha-bisabolol is a small oily sesquiterphene alcohol that presents diverse biological activities, among them, citotoxicity. In despite of the diverse studies using this molecule, little is known about the biological activities of its natural analogue bisabolol oxide A. Besides, the purinergic system has been related to tumor development and progression. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of two new promising chemotherapic agents (alpha-bisabolol and bisabolol oxide A) and correlate this effects with possible modulations of the purinergic system which is considered an interesting therapeutical target to glioma and medulloblastomas. We observed that the activity of ecto-5’-nucleotidase, an important enzyme of the purinergic system, is increased in both glioma and medulloblastoma cell lines when the cells are treated with alpha-bisabolol. It was also observed that this increase on activity was due to and direct effect of this treatment in the enzyme. Also, the treatment lead to a reduction on mRNA level of ecto-5’- nucleotidase on glioma cell line and no alterations on the imunocontent of the enzyme was observed on medulloblastoma cell lines. Additionally, the citotoxic activity of alpha-bisabolol on glioma cell line was correlated with modulation on A3 adenosine receptor. Moreover, the cell lines used in this work were sensible to the treatments with alpha-bisabolol and bisabolol oxide A. In a conclusion, the data obtained in this work demonstrate that alpha-bisabolol and bisabolol oxide A are both interesting new therapeutical possibilities to brain tumors and the citotoxic activity of the first compound is related with modulations on the purinergic system. More studies are needed to better understand the effectiveness of these treatments in vivo and if the compound bisabolol oxide A also promotes a modulation on the purinergic system.
248

Caractérisation de la voie de signalisation intégrine α5β1/protéine p53 dans la résistance à la chimiothérapie des gliomes et cancers du colon / Role of α5β1 integrin/p53 pathway in the resistance of glioma and colon cancer to therapy

Janouskova, Hana 09 December 2013 (has links)
Les intégrines sont des cibles thérapeutiques pertinentes en oncologie. Dans cette thèse, nous avons exploré le rôle de l’intégrine α5β1 dans les gliomes et les tumeurs du colon. Nous nous sommes particulièrement focalisés sur la voie intégrine-protéine p53 et son implication dans la résistance aux thérapies. Dans les gliomes, l’intégrine α5β1 est surexprimée dans les glioblastomes et participe à un mauvais pronostic de survie des patients. Nous avons démontré que l’intégrine confère une résistance à la chimiothérapie par le Temozolomide en régulant négativement l’activité de la protéine suppresseur de tumeurs p53. L’activation directe de p53 par un agent non-génotoxique, la Nutlin-3a, entraine une inhibition de l’expression de l’intégrine suggérant ainsi une réaction croisée négative entre intégrine α5β1 et p53. L’association de la Nutlin-3a avec un antagoniste de l’intégrine α5β1 entraine une mort des cellules par apoptose. Nous avons confirmé l’existence d’une réaction croisée négative entre intégrine α5β1 et protéine p53 dans les tumeurs du colon où l’intégrine représente également une cible thérapeutique. / Integrins seem to be attractive anti-cancer targets. In this work we investigated the role of integrin α5β1 in glioma brain tumors and colon cancer. We were particularly interested in the role of integrin α5β1/p53 pathway in resistance to therapy. We first focused on gliomas and found that α5β1 integrin was overexpressed in aggressive malignant glioma tumors. Moreover, we showed that α5β1 integrin upregulation was associated with a shorter patient survival. We also demonstrated that α5β1 integrin expression in glioblastomas participates to the resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent Temozolomide, through a negative regulation of the tumor suppressor p53. A direct p53-activation by the non-genotoxic agent Nutlin-3a down-regulated α5 integrin subunit and thus sensitized glioblastoma cells to Nutlin-3a. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the inhibition of α5β1 integrin with a concomitant p53-activation enhanced the effects of p53-based therapy. We also confirmed the existence of a negative cross-talk between α5β1 integrin and p53 in colon cancer.
249

α-bisabolol e óxido de bisabolol A : atividade antitumoral em linhagens celulares de cânceres do sistema nervoso central

Mendes, Franciane Brackmann January 2014 (has links)
Diversas neoplasias podem atingir o sistema nervoso central e dentre elas, os tumores cerebrais são os mais prevalentes. Dentre todos os tumores cerebrais, dois merecem especial atenção: gliomas e meduloblastomas, por serem os mais recorrentes em adultos e crianças, respectivamente. O alfa-bisabolol é um pequeno álcool sesquiterpeno oleoso, que apresenta diversas atividades biológicas dentre elas, citotoxicidade. Apesar dos diversos estudos com essa molécula, pouco se sabe das atividades biológicas de seu análogo natural, o óxido de bisabolol A. Além disso, o sistema purinérgico tem sido relacionado com progressão e desenvolvimento tumoral. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de dois promissores novos agentes quimioterápicos (alfa-bisabolol e óxido de bisabolol A) e correlacionar esses efeitos com possíveis modulações do sistema purinérgico, que é considerado um novo alvo terapêutico em linhagens de glioma e meduloblastoma. Nós observamos que a atividade da ecto-5’-nucleotidase, importante enzima do sistema purinérgico, é aumentada tanto em linhagens de glioma quanto de meduloblastoma quando estas são tratadas com alfa-bisabolol. Vimos também que esse aumento na atividade deu-se por um efeito direto do tratamento sob a enzima, com uma redução da expressão do mRNA da ecto-5’-nucleotidase em linhagem de glioma e sem alteração no imunoconteúdo dessa enzima em linhagens de meduloblastoma. Em linhagens de glioma, adicionalmente, a atividade citotóxica do alfa-bisabolol foi correlacionada com estímulo ao receptor de adenosina A3. Ainda, as linhagens estudadas foram sensíveis aos tratamentos com alfa-bisabolol e óxido de bisabolol A. Em conclusão, os dados obtidos nesse trabalho demonstram que tanto o alfabisabolol quanto o óxido de bisabolol A são interesseantes novas possibilidades terapêuticas para os tumores cerebrais e que a atividade citotóxica do primeiro composto envolve modulação do sistema purinérgico. Mais estudos são necessários para entender a efetividade desses tratamentos in vivo e se o tratamento com o óxido de bisabolol A também modula o sistema purinérgico. / Among all the cancers that can affect the central nervous system, the brais tumors are the most prevalent. Two of this tumors deserve special attention: glioma and medulloblastoma once they are the most prevalent in adults and children respectively. Alpha-bisabolol is a small oily sesquiterphene alcohol that presents diverse biological activities, among them, citotoxicity. In despite of the diverse studies using this molecule, little is known about the biological activities of its natural analogue bisabolol oxide A. Besides, the purinergic system has been related to tumor development and progression. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of two new promising chemotherapic agents (alpha-bisabolol and bisabolol oxide A) and correlate this effects with possible modulations of the purinergic system which is considered an interesting therapeutical target to glioma and medulloblastomas. We observed that the activity of ecto-5’-nucleotidase, an important enzyme of the purinergic system, is increased in both glioma and medulloblastoma cell lines when the cells are treated with alpha-bisabolol. It was also observed that this increase on activity was due to and direct effect of this treatment in the enzyme. Also, the treatment lead to a reduction on mRNA level of ecto-5’- nucleotidase on glioma cell line and no alterations on the imunocontent of the enzyme was observed on medulloblastoma cell lines. Additionally, the citotoxic activity of alpha-bisabolol on glioma cell line was correlated with modulation on A3 adenosine receptor. Moreover, the cell lines used in this work were sensible to the treatments with alpha-bisabolol and bisabolol oxide A. In a conclusion, the data obtained in this work demonstrate that alpha-bisabolol and bisabolol oxide A are both interesting new therapeutical possibilities to brain tumors and the citotoxic activity of the first compound is related with modulations on the purinergic system. More studies are needed to better understand the effectiveness of these treatments in vivo and if the compound bisabolol oxide A also promotes a modulation on the purinergic system.
250

Eficácia das tecnologias de suporte no tratamento cirúrgico dos gliomas insulares / Efficacy of assistive technologies in the surgical treatment of insular gliomas

Breno José Alencar Pires Barbosa 08 September 2016 (has links)
Introdução: No campo do tratamento cirúrgico de Gliomas, tem se observado um interesse crescente no uso de novas tecnologias de suporte como métodos auxiliares na obtenção do equilíbrio entre radicalidade cirúrgica e preservação da funcionalidade cerebral. Na maior parte dos estudos, a localização tumoral tem sido pouco considerada e a real eficácia das tecnologias de suporte ainda está pouco investigada nos gliomas insulares. Objetivos: avaliar a eficácia da fluorescência intraoperatória com 5-ALA, monitorização neurofisiológica, neuronavegação e tractografia no grau de ressecção tumoral (GRT), escores de funcionalidade, sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de progressão em uma coorte retrospectiva de gliomas insulares. Métodos: revisamos todos os casos de tumores insulares operados no Departamento de Neurocirurgia da Universidade de Tübingen - Alemanha, entre maio de 2008 e novembro de 2013. O grau de ressecção foi avaliado por volumetria. Foram utilizados os testes de Mann Whitney, Qui-quadrado e funções de Kaplan Meier para análise do efeito de cada tecnologia nos desfechos primários e secundários. Resultados: 28 casos - 18 homens (64%) e 10 mulheres (36%); idade média 52,5 anos (12 - 59) - foram inclusos para análise. Gliomas de alto grau corresponderam a 20 casos (71%), com 8 lesões de baixo grau (29%). As tecnologias mais utilizadas foram monitorização neurofisiológica (64%) e neuronavegação (68%). 5-ALA foi a única modalidade associada a taxas de ressecção > 90% (p = 0,05). O uso de tractografia determinou melhora no KPS (50% vs 5%, p = 0,02). Houve associação positiva entre o uso de neuronavegação e sobrevida global (23 vs. 27,4 meses, p = 0,03), mas o uso de 5-ALA se associou a piora na sobrevida global (34,8 vs 21,1 meses, p = 0,01) e sobrevida livre de progressão (24,4 vs. 11,8 meses, p = 0,01). Conclusões: Considerando os gliomas insulares, o presente trabalho demonstra pioneiramente que o uso de 5-ALA tem papel na obtenção de maiores taxas de ressecção, ainda que este achado possa estar associado a piora nas sobrevidas global e livre de progressão. Tractografia e neuronavegação parecem desempenhar papel importante no tratamento dos gliomas insulares, na medida em que determinaram melhor sobrevida global e funcionalidade, respectivamente. Estudos prospectivos com uma amostra mais proeminente e análise multivariada permitirão a avaliação do benefício real destas tecnologias de suporte no tratamento dos gliomas insulares / Introduction: In the field of Glioma surgery, there has been an increasing interest in the use of assistive technologies to overcome the difficulty of preserving brain function while improving surgical radicality. In most reports, tumor localization has seldom been considered a variable and the role of intraoperative adjuncts is yet to be determined for gliomas of the insula. Objectives: to evaluate the efficacy of fluorescence-guided resection with 5-ALA, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM), neuronavigation, and tractography in the Extent of Resection (EOR), functionality scores, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in a retrospective cohort of insular gliomas. Methods: we reviewed all cases of insular tumors operated on at the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Tübingen - Germany, between May 2008 and November 2013. EOR was determined by volumetric analysis. Mann Whitney, Chi-square and Kaplan Meier functions were used for assessment of each technology\'s effect on primary and secondary outcomes. Results: 28 cases (18 men (64%) and 10 women (36%); median age at diagnosis: 52.5 years, range 12 - 59) were considered eligible for analysis. High grade and low grade gliomas accounted for 20 (71%) and 8 (29%) cases, respectively. The most used technologies were IOM (64%) and Neuronavigation (68%). 5-ALA was the only technique associated with EOR > 90% (p = 0.05). Tractography determined improvement in the Karnofsky Performance Scale (50% vs 5% cases improved, p = 0.02). There was a positive association between the use of neuronavigation and overall survival (23 vs. 27.4 months, p = 0.03), but the use of 5-ALA was associated with shorter OS (34.8 vs. 21.1 months, p = 0.01) and PFS (24.4 vs. 11.8, p = 0.01). Conclusions: we demonstrate for the first time that for insular gliomas 5-ALA plays a role in achieving higher EOR, although this technology was associated with poor OS and PFS; Also tractography and neuronavigation can be of great importance in the treatment of insular gliomas as they determined better functionality and overall survival in this study, respectively. Prospective studies with a more prominent sample and proper multivariate analysis will help determine the real benefit of these adjuncts in the setting of insular gliomas

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