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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Smartphone Acquisition and Online Visualization of IMU and EMG Sensor Data for Assessment of Wrist Load / Smartphone-mätning och online-visualisering av IMU- och EMG-data för bedömning av handledsbelastning

Hult, Axel, Munguia Chang, Daniel January 2018 (has links)
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders constitutes a substantial burden for society, generating individual suffering and financial costs. Quantifying the musculoskeletal stress and establishing exposure-response relationships is an important step in facing this problem. Observational methods for assessing exposure in the field of ergonomics have shown poor results, and the technical measurement methods that exists are often complicated to use which limits their scope to scientific purposes. This work describes the development of a prototype measurement system aimed to simplify ambulatory measurements of musculoskeletal load, specifically aimed at the wrist and hand. Wearable sensors including Inertial Measurement Units (IMU:s) and Electromyography (EMG) were connected to a smartphone and used for measuring wrist movement and forearm muscle activity. Data sampled in the smartphone was stored online in a cloud database, and a webapplication was developed to visualize work-load exposure. Testing under controlled conditions indicated that muscular rest can be measured and classified according to suggested risk thresholds. Accurate angular measurements were difficult to implement because of lacking inter-sensor alignment in the horizontal plane, as well as uncertainties in the Bluetooth protocol. Future work should focus on the IMU:s and look to further develop a method of correcting the relative angle error, as well as investigating accurate time synchronization of the two sensors.Alternatively, deriving angular velocities directly from the IMU gyroscopes could be investigated.
22

Beamline-Instrumentierung und Experimentautomatisierung fuer ROBL an der ESRF/Grenoble (F)

Brendler, Vinzenz, Claussner, Juergen, Proehl, Dieter, Reichel, Peter, Matz, Wolfgang, Dienel, Siegfried, Reich, Tobias, Funke, Harald, Schell, Norbert, Strauch, Udo, Berberich, Florian, Oehme, Winfried, Hennig, Christoph, Prokert, Friedrich, Neumann, Wolfgang, Krug, Hans, Bernhard, Gert 31 March 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Durch das Forschungszentrum Rossendorf wurde in den Jahren 1996-1998 ein eigenes Strahlrohr fuer Experimente mit Synchrotronstrahlung an der ESRF (European Synchrotron Radioation Facility) in Grenoble/Frankreich aufgebaut. Das Strahlrohr verfuegt ueber zwei alternativ nutzbare Messplaetze fuer die Untersuchung von radioaktiven Proben mittels Roentgenabsorptionsspektroskopie und fuer Materialstrukturuntersuchungen mit Roentgendiffraktion. Der Bericht konzentriert sich auf die Arbeiten, die fuer die Steuerung der Optik und die Nutzung der Messplaetze hinsichtlich der Elektronik, Rechentechnik und Software erforderlich waren. Nach einer Beschreibung der Randbedingungen und einer Kurzcharakteristik der geraetetechnischen Basis werden wichtige Hardwarekomponenten fuer die Instrumentierung der Systeme vorgestellt. Die rechentechnische Basis wird anschliessend beschrieben. Die angewendeten Software-Grundprinzipien werden erlaeutert und diskutiert sowie an einigen Applikationen beispielhaft verdeutlicht. Abschliessend werden spezifische Probleme bei der Programmierung von Applikationen mit grafischer Bedienoberflaeche in Verbindung mit Geraetezugriffen behandelt. Tabellen, in denen die benutzten Hardware-Module und die Softwarekomponenten zusammengestellt sind, ermoeglichen einen Ueberblick ueber das Gesamtsystem. Das Literaturverzeichnis dient als Leitfaden fuer die Detaildokumentationen.
23

Etude de la durabilité de matériaux respectueux de l'environnement / biocomposites / Study of the durability of environmentally friendly materials / biocomposites

Askanian, Haroutioun 05 April 2011 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans les thèmes de la photodégradation et de la biodégradation de polymère pouvant être ou non d’origine renouvelable. Il a pour principal objectif d’étudier la durabilité photochimique de différents polymères ou mélanges de polymères utilisés en particulier dans l’agriculture et donc soumis à un vieillissement climatique. La structure chimique des polymères est un des principaux paramètres susceptible d’influencer la photodégradation. Un ensemble de (co)polyesters comportant des unités aliphatiques, cycliques et / ou aromatiques a été sélectionné dans le but d’exprimer une relation structure / photodurabilité. Le photovieillissement des matériaux a été réalisé en conditions naturelles et en conditions accélérées. Des mécanismes de photo-oxydation ont été proposés pour chacun des matériaux à partir de l’évolution des propriétés viscoélastiques traduisant celle de la structure macromoléculaire. Dans ce contexte, l’étude de la durabilité de ces matériaux respectueux de l’environnement doit s’intéresser à des systèmes extrêmement complexes dont chaque constituant est susceptible d’évoluer. Cette caractéristique exige de mettre au point une méthodologie permettant de déterminer la composition d’un biocomposite et d’en suivre les modifications en cours de vieillissement en même temps que l’évolution de la structuration de ces matériaux. / This thesis is part of the subject photodegradation and biodegradation of polymer that can be or not from renewable resources. Its main objective is to study the photochemical durability of various polymers or polymer blends used particularly in agriculture and therefore subject to weathering. The chemical structure of polymers is one of the main parameters that could influence the photodegradation. A set of (co)polyesters containing units aliphatic, cyclic and / or aromatic have been selected in order to express the relationships structure / photodurability. The photoageing of materials was carried out under natural and accelerated conditions. Photo-oxidation mechanisms have been suggested for each material based on the evolution of the viscoelastic properties reflecting the macromolecular structure. In this context, the study of the durability of these ecofriendly materials should address in highly complex systems in which each component is subject to change. This feature requires the development of a methodology to determine the composition of a biocomposite and monitor the changes during ageing at the same time as changing the structure of these materials.
24

A Single Gyroscope Can Be Used to Accurately Determine Peak Eversion Velocity during Locomotion at Different Speeds and in Various Shoes

Mitschke, Christian, Öhmichen, Matthias, Milani, Thomas L. 10 July 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Gyroscopes have been used in previous studies to measure the peak angular velocity of the shoe or foot in the frontal plane (evVel). However, it is not clear whether different test conditions (footwear hardness or locomotion speed) can influence the accuracy of evVel. The purpose of the present study was to compare the accuracy of gyroscopes and electrogoniometers when measuring evVel and the time until evVel (t_evVel) in 12 different conditions using a single axis gyroscope attached to the heel cap. Twenty-four recreational runners were instructed to walk and run on a 15-m indoor track at four locomotion speeds (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 m/s, and individual running speed) and in three footwear conditions (low to high hardness). The gyroscope data and electrogoniometer data were sampled at a rate of 1000 Hz. Comparisons between both measurement devices showed small mean differences up to 49.8 ± 46.9 deg/s for evVel and up to 5.3 ± 3.5 ms for t_evVel. Furthermore, strong relationships between gyroscope and electrogoniometer data were found for evVel as well as for t_evVel for all conditions. It can be concluded that gyroscopes can be used to accurately determine evVel and t_evVel under a variety of conditions.
25

Beamline-Instrumentierung und Experimentautomatisierung fuer ROBL an der ESRF/Grenoble (F)

Brendler, Vinzenz, Claussner, Juergen, Proehl, Dieter, Reichel, Peter, Matz, Wolfgang, Dienel, Siegfried, Reich, Tobias, Funke, Harald, Schell, Norbert, Strauch, Udo, Berberich, Florian, Oehme, Winfried, Hennig, Christoph, Prokert, Friedrich, Neumann, Wolfgang, Krug, Hans, Bernhard, Gert January 2000 (has links)
Durch das Forschungszentrum Rossendorf wurde in den Jahren 1996-1998 ein eigenes Strahlrohr fuer Experimente mit Synchrotronstrahlung an der ESRF (European Synchrotron Radioation Facility) in Grenoble/Frankreich aufgebaut. Das Strahlrohr verfuegt ueber zwei alternativ nutzbare Messplaetze fuer die Untersuchung von radioaktiven Proben mittels Roentgenabsorptionsspektroskopie und fuer Materialstrukturuntersuchungen mit Roentgendiffraktion. Der Bericht konzentriert sich auf die Arbeiten, die fuer die Steuerung der Optik und die Nutzung der Messplaetze hinsichtlich der Elektronik, Rechentechnik und Software erforderlich waren. Nach einer Beschreibung der Randbedingungen und einer Kurzcharakteristik der geraetetechnischen Basis werden wichtige Hardwarekomponenten fuer die Instrumentierung der Systeme vorgestellt. Die rechentechnische Basis wird anschliessend beschrieben. Die angewendeten Software-Grundprinzipien werden erlaeutert und diskutiert sowie an einigen Applikationen beispielhaft verdeutlicht. Abschliessend werden spezifische Probleme bei der Programmierung von Applikationen mit grafischer Bedienoberflaeche in Verbindung mit Geraetezugriffen behandelt. Tabellen, in denen die benutzten Hardware-Module und die Softwarekomponenten zusammengestellt sind, ermoeglichen einen Ueberblick ueber das Gesamtsystem. Das Literaturverzeichnis dient als Leitfaden fuer die Detaildokumentationen.
26

COMPARISON OF WRIST VELOCITY MEASUREMENT METHODS: IMU, GONIOMETER AND OPTICAL MOTION CAPTURE SYSTEM / JÄMFÖRELSE AV HANDLEDSMÄTNING METODER: IMU, GONIOMETER OCH OPTISKT RÖRELSEFÅNGNINGSSYSTEM

Manivasagam, Karnica January 2020 (has links)
Repetitive tasks, awkward hand/wrist postures and forceful exertions are known risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the hand and wrist. WMSD is a major cause of long work absence, productivity loss, loss in wages and individual suffering. Currently available assessment methods of the hand/wrist motion have the limitations of being inaccurate, e.g. when using self-reports or observations, or expensive and resource-demanding for following analyses, e.g. when using the electrogoniometers. Therefore, there is a need for a risk assessment method that is easy-to-use and can be applied by both researchers and practitioners for measuring wrist angular velocity during an 8-hour working day. Wearable Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) in combination with mobile phone applications provide the possibility for such a method. In order to apply the IMU in the field for assessing the wrist velocity of different work tasks, the accuracy of the method need to be examined. Therefore, this laboratory experiment was conducted to compare a new IMU-based method with the traditional goniometer and standard optical motion capture system. The laboratory experiment was performed on twelve participants. Three standard hand movements, including hand/wrist motion of Flexion-extension (FE), Deviation, and Pronationsupination (PS) at 30, 60, 90 beat-per-minute (bpm), and three simulated work tasks were performed. The angular velocity of the three methods at 50th and 90th percentile were calculated and compared. The mean absolute error and correlation coefficient were analysed for comparing the methods. Increase in error was observed with increase in speed/bpm during the standard hand movements. For standard hand movements, comparison between IMUbyaxis and Goniometer had the smallest difference and highest correlation coefficient. For simulated work tasks, the difference between goniometer and optical system was the smallest. However, for simulated work tasks, the differences between the compared methods were in general much larger than the standard hand movements. The IMU-based method is seen to have potential when compared with the traditional measurement methods. Still, it needs further improvement to be used for risk assessment in the field. / Upprepade uppgifter, besvärliga hand- / handledsställningar och kraftfulla ansträngningar är kända riskfaktorer för arbetsrelaterade muskuloskeletala störningar (WMSD) i hand och handled. WMSD är en viktig orsak till lång frånvaro, produktivitetsförlust, löneförlust och individuellt lidande. För närvarande tillgängliga bedömningsmetoder för hand / handledsrörelser har begränsningarna att vara felaktiga, t.ex. när du använder självrapporter eller observationer, eller dyra och resurskrävande för följande analyser, t.ex. när du använder elektrogoniometrarna. Därför finns det ett behov av en riskbedömningsmetod som är enkel att använda och som kan användas av både forskare och utövare för att mäta handledens vinkelhastighet under en 8-timmars arbetsdag. Wearable Inertial Measuring Units (IMU) i kombination med mobiltelefonapplikationer ger möjlighet till en sådan metod. För att kunna använda IMU i fältet för att bedöma handledens hastighet för olika arbetsuppgifter måste metodens noggrannhet undersökas. Därför genomfördes detta laboratorieexperiment för att jämföra en ny IMU-baserad metod med den traditionella goniometern och det vanliga optiska rörelsefångningssystemet. Laboratorieexperimentet utfördes på tolv deltagare. Tre standardhandrörelser, inklusive hand / handledsrörelse av Flexion-extension (FE), Deviation och Pronation-supination (PS) vid 30, 60, 90 beat-per-minut (bpm) och tre simulerade arbetsuppgifter utfördes. Vinkelhastigheten för de tre metoderna vid 50: e och 90: e percentilen beräknades och jämfördes. Det genomsnittliga absoluta felet och korrelationskoefficienten analyserades för att jämföra metoderna. Ökning av fel observerades med ökning av hastighet/bpm under standardhandrörelserna. För standardhandrörelser hade jämförelsen mellan IMUbyaxis och Goniometer den minsta skillnaden och högsta korrelationskoefficienten. För simulerade arbetsuppgifter var skillnaden mellan goniometer och optiskt system den minsta. För simulerade arbetsuppgifter var dock skillnaderna mellan de jämförda metoderna i allmänhet mycket större än de vanliga handrörelserna. Den IMUbaserade metoden anses ha potential jämfört med traditionella mätmetoder. Ändå behöver det förbättras för att kunna användas för riskbedömning på fältet.
27

Image-based quantitative infrared analysis and microparticle characterisation for pulp and paper applications

Hyll, Kari January 2016 (has links)
Measurements of process variations and particle morphology are widely employed in the pulp and paper industry. Two techniques with high potential, infrared thermography and microparticle characterisation, are mainly used qualitatively. Quantitative thermography requires knowledge of the emittance, a material property which has not been measured under many process-relevant conditions. Quantitative characterisation of microparticles, e.g. pulp fines and mineral fillers, requires the analysis of a large number of particles, which can be accomplished using flow microscopes. Flow microscopes for pulp analysis have had insufficient spatial resolution to resolve fines and fillers. Additionally, there has been a lack of methods which can differentiate between fines and fillers in a mixed suspension. State-of-the-art instruments for particle image analysis were evaluated and compared to laser diffractometry, a measurement method based on scattering by diffraction. Laser diffractometry was found to be highly sensitive to the complex refractive index of the particles, and especially to its change due to moisture absorption. A high-resolution imaging flow cytometer and a high-resolution fibre analyser were found to be complementary for characterisation of pure fines and fines/filler mixtures, and superior to laser diffractometry. A method for differentiating between fines and fillers in a suspension based on their autofluorescence and side-scattering was proposed and qualitatively evaluated. Furthermore, a method for measuring the directional and integrated emittance of paper was developed and its accuracy was determined. Measurements on a wide range of samples showed that the emittance of fibre-based materials vary significantly with wavelength, pulp type, observation angle, and moisture content. By applying measured quantitative values of the emittance, the thermal energy emitted by sack paper samples during mechanical deformation could be quantitatively calculated. The increase in thermal energy at the time of rupture was found to correlate well with the elastic share of the mechanical energy that was stored in the sample during its elongation. In summary, the results of this work have facilitated the use of quantitative microparticle analysis and infrared thermography for pulp and paper applications. / Mätningar av processvariationer och partiklars form och storlek utförs i stor skala inom massa- och pappersindustrin. Två mättekniker med stor potential, infraröd termografi och mikropartikel-karaktärisering, används mest kvalitativt idag. Kvantitativ termografi kräver att provets emittans är känd. Emittansen är en materialegenskap som inte har mätts för många förhållanden som är relevanta inom papperstillverkning. Kvantitativ karaktärisering av partiklar kräver att ett tillräckligt stort antal partiklar analyseras, något som kan göras med flödesmikroskop. Flödesmikroskop för mäldanalys har haft otillräcklig upplösning för att karaktärisera mikrometerstora partiklar, t.ex. fines och fyllmedel. Det har heller inte funnits någon metod som kan särskilja mellan fines och fyllmedel i en blandning. Högupplösta mätinstrument för bildbaserad mikropartikelkaraktärisering utvärderades och jämfördes med en laserdiffraktometer, en mätmetod baserad på ljusspridning genom diffraktion. Laserdiffraktometerns mätresultat påverkades starkt av det brytningsindex som antogs för provet, och hur brytningsindexet ändrades med fukthalt. En högupplöst bildbaserad flödescytometer och en högupplöst fibermätare konstaterades komplettera varandra vid mätningar av mäldens finmaterial. De var även pålitligare än laserdiffraktometern vid mätningar av organiskt finmaterial. En metod för att skilja mellan organiskt och oorganiskt finmaterial i en mäld baserat på deras autofluorescens och ljusspridning presenterades och utvärderades kvalitativt. En metod för att mäta den vinkelberoende och våglängdsintegrerade emittansen hos fiberbaserade material utvecklades och dess mätnoggrannhet utvärderades. Mätningar på ett stort antal prover visade att emittansen varierade betydligt med våglängd, mäldtyp, observationsvinkel, och fukthalt. Genom att använda den uppmätta emittansen kunde den termiska energin som frigjordes av ett säckpappersprov vid brottögonblicket beräknas. Denna energi korrelerade väl med den elastiska energi som lagrades i provet medan det töjdes, fram till tidpunkten för brottet. Sammanfattningsvis har resultaten av detta arbete möjliggjort kvantitativ användning av mikropartikel-karaktärisering och infraröd termografi i massa- och papperstillämpningar. / <p>QC 20160122</p>
28

A Single Gyroscope Can Be Used to Accurately Determine Peak Eversion Velocity during Locomotion at Different Speeds and in Various Shoes

Mitschke, Christian, Öhmichen, Matthias, Milani, Thomas L. 10 July 2017 (has links)
Gyroscopes have been used in previous studies to measure the peak angular velocity of the shoe or foot in the frontal plane (evVel). However, it is not clear whether different test conditions (footwear hardness or locomotion speed) can influence the accuracy of evVel. The purpose of the present study was to compare the accuracy of gyroscopes and electrogoniometers when measuring evVel and the time until evVel (t_evVel) in 12 different conditions using a single axis gyroscope attached to the heel cap. Twenty-four recreational runners were instructed to walk and run on a 15-m indoor track at four locomotion speeds (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 m/s, and individual running speed) and in three footwear conditions (low to high hardness). The gyroscope data and electrogoniometer data were sampled at a rate of 1000 Hz. Comparisons between both measurement devices showed small mean differences up to 49.8 ± 46.9 deg/s for evVel and up to 5.3 ± 3.5 ms for t_evVel. Furthermore, strong relationships between gyroscope and electrogoniometer data were found for evVel as well as for t_evVel for all conditions. It can be concluded that gyroscopes can be used to accurately determine evVel and t_evVel under a variety of conditions.
29

Händerna på monteringen : Ergonomiska effekter av ett förändrat arbetsupplägg / Hands on the engine : Ergonomic effects following changed work design

Lind, Carl, Werdler, Erika January 2010 (has links)
QC 20101220
30

Ganganalytische Besonderheiten bei Patienten mit diabetischer Neuropathie am Ganganalysesystem GangAS

Surminski, Oleg 20 March 2003 (has links)
Diabetiker entwickeln nach durchschnittlich 10 Jahren Folgeschäden. Die Polyneuropathie mit nachfolgender Osteoarthropathie des Fußes ist eine meist zu spät erkannte und suboptimal versorgte Komplikation. Nicht rechtzeitig erkannte Schäden führen zu Ulcera, sekundären Infektionen, Osteomyelitiden und Amputationen. Fragestellung: Ist eine Ganganalyse incl. Posturographie in der Lage, eine evtl. bestehende Polyneuropathie zu verifizieren, um eine frühzeitige orthopädische Schuhversorgung vornehmen zu können? Material und Methoden: Es wurden Diabetiker (n = 73) mit (mittels Messung der Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit NLG) nachgewiesener Neuropathie und eine gesunde Vergleichsgruppe (n = 38) ohne Neuropathie am Ganganalysesystem GANGAS untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Allgemeinparameter relative Geschwindigkeit, Schrittlänge und Kadenz, sowie die Belastungsparameter Fersen-, Mittelfuß-, Vorfußbelastung und Belastung beim Auftritt und Abstoß zeigten keine wesentlich signifikanten Unterschiede im Gruppenvergleich. Dagegen zeigte die Posturographie (apparative Untersuchung der Schwankung des Druckschwerpunktes beim Romberg-Test, welche durch die Länge und Geschwindigkeit beschrieben wurde) signifikante Unterschiede zwischen beiden Patientengruppen. So lag z.B. der Median der Weglänge des Druckschwerpunktes beim Test mit geschlossenen Augen bei den Diabetikern bei 21,27 cm und in der Vergleichsgruppe bei 15,4 cm (p = 0,007). Die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Druckschwerpunktes beim Test mit geschlossenen Augen betrug im Median 1,33 cm/sec bei den Diabetikern und 0,96 cm/sec in der gesunden Vergleichsgruppe (p = 0,006). Beim Test mit offenen Augen ergab sich kein signifikanter Unterschied im Gruppenvergleich. Klinische Relevanz: Eine Instabilität des Ganges der Patienten mit diabetischer Neuropathie und entsprechenden Folgeschäden des Fußes läßt sich durch die Ganganalyse mit Standardparametern nach vorliegendem Datenmaterial nicht nachweisen. Die Posturographie ist eine einfache, zeitlich mit geringem Aufwand verbundene Methode, die mit statistischer Signifikanz die subjektiven Kriterien der klinisch-orthopädischen Frühdiagnostik sinnvoll ergänzen und damit die Verdachtsdiagnose eine diabetischen Fußes objektiv nachweisen kann, bevor bleibende Schäden am Fuß entstanden sind. / Every diabetic patient after about ten years develops secondary changes in different tissues. Polyneuropathy with consecutive osteoarthropathy of the foot often is recognized too late and suboptimal treated. Diabetic disorders recognized too late may lead to ulcera, secondery infections and even amputations. Question: Is standard gait analysis including posturography able to verify diabetic neuropathy in order to supply the patient with adapted orthopadic shoeware in time? Materials and methods: A group of diabetics (n=73) with proved neuropathy by measuring nerve conduction velocity and a healthy control group (n=38) without neuropathy were examined by the gait-analysis-system GANGAS. Results: The general parameters: relative speed, length of step and cadence as well as the loading parameters of the heel, middle foot and forefoot during treading and repulsion show no significant differences between both groups. Posturography however (apparative examination of the elongation of focal point of pressure (FPP) according to the Romberg test, described by length and speed) shows significant differences between both groups. For diabetics making the test with closed eyes the mean value of walking length of the FPP was 21,27 cm, for the healthy control persons it was only 15,4 cm (p = 0,007). Asimulary results were found for the speed of movement of FPP during the test with closed eyes: mean value in diabetics 1,33 cm/s and for the healthy control persons 0,96 cm/s (p = 0,006). During this test with open eyes there was no significant difference between both groups. Clinical Relevance: Walking instability of patients with diabetic neuropathy and corresponding sequential damage of the foot could not be proved by the current data with standard parameters. Posturography however is able to give additional information with statistical significance to the subjective criteria of the clinical-orthopedic early diagnosis and verify the diagnosis of a beginning diabetic foot before severe disorders have occured.

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