Klimatet är en av de frågor som har fått mycket medial uppmärksamhet under de senaste åren. En fredag i augusti år 2018 satte sig Greta Thunberg utanför riksdagshuset i Stockholm för att strejka, med sig hade hon sitt plakat ”Skolstrejk för klimatet”. Hon blev snabbt medialt uppmärksammad och inom en snar framtid - hade med hjälp av henne rörelsen ”Fridays for Future” bildats. Tidigare forskning visar bland annat på hur Gretas tid i offentligheten har formats av media samt om hur hennes kamp för klimatet skapat olika riktningar i samhället. Utifrån dessa faktorer är studiens syfte främst att försöka bidra till en fördjupad förståelse till hur Greta konstrueras genom rösten i dokumentärfilmen Greta. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar används ett metodologiskt angreppssätt med avstamp i den hermeneutiska tolkningsteorin som i synnerhet berör Bill Nichols teorier om röster i dokumentärfilmer. Resultatet i denna studie visar bland annat på att röstens konstruktion i dokumentären är en del av ett större komplext system som innefattar bland annat flera röster och dokumentära berättarstrategier. / The climate issue has been in medias spotlight, especially through recent years. On a Friday in August 2018, Greta Thunberg sat down outside the Swedish parliament in Stockholm to strike, with her placard "School strike for the climate". She quickly gained media attention and soon - with her help, the movement "Fridays for Future" was formed. Previous research shows that Greta's time in the public eye has been shaped by the media and how her fight for the climate have been creating different directions in society. Based on these factors, the purpose of this study is primarily to try to contribute to a deeper understanding of how Greta is constructed through the voice in the documentary film I am Greta. To answer the study's questions, a methodological approach is used with its origins in the hermeneutic theory of interpretation, which concerns Bill Nichols' theories about voices in documentary films. The result of this study shows that the construction of the voice in the documentary is part of a larger complex system that includes other several voices and other documentary narrative strategies.

The aim of this study was to examine and compare how two different climate protest cases were framed in two Swedish newspapers with different political slants, namely, Aftonbladet and SvD. The study also sought to analyze potential differences between the newspapers, and how closely the portrayals aligned with the protest paradigm. The first protest involved the activist group ‘Återställ Våtmarker’, who gathered on the highway and caused a traffic stop in order to advocate for the restoration of Swedish wetlands. In the second case, climate activists, including Greta Thunberg, participated in a blockade at the entrance to the Parliament to promote climate justice. To examine the framing of these protests, a dataset of articles was analyzed using qualitative content analysis in the form of framing analysis, grounded in the theoretical framework of framing theory and the protest paradigm. The protest paradigm is the tendency of news media to portray protests in a negative light, often depicting them as disruptions to the established order. The study found that the protest on the highway was framed more negatively and thus aligned more closely with the protest paradigm than the other protest. The framing of the Parliament protest, which diverged from the paradigm, was more positive, and mostly emphasized the purpose of the action as well as demonstrated stronger support for the activists. No differences were identified between the newspapers' news articles, but it was noted that the opinion pieces about the parliamentary protest differed. While Aftonbladet's opinion pieces praised the activists, SvD's strongly criticized them.

The essay To negotiate truth is a cultural analytical study of the boundary work that takes place in the comment sections, more specifically in relations to the climate change debate and Greta Thunberg’s climate activism. This paper deals with empirical material in the form of comments obtained from the Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet’s and Expressen’s comment field on Facebook. The data-gathering method used for this paper is digital ethnography. This study aims to create an understanding of how argumentation is presented in open social arenas such as Expressen and Aftonbladet's comments field. The purpose of the study has been to show how the contested claims and facts are legitimized and negotiated in the comment fields. The theoretical framework has consisted of discourse theory and Boundary objects theory. The questions to be answered in the study is: In what way is truth constructed in the debate? How are the various claims of truth legitimized? In what way are facts and science used in the legitimization of the different claims of truths? The analysis shows that truth is constructed in many different ways, partly through what i choose to call denial and distrust discourse. The analysis also showed how climate research and the climate can be seen as a boundary object and be used to stabilize the denial discourse further. The result also showed that scientific evidence can be used in a variety of ways in the legitimization of the different claims of truth. On the one hand, there is a demand for more nuanced research to be presented in the media, this creates an image that there are two sides of climate science that are of equal importance. The analysis also showed how mistrust and doubt against established media, political processes and science in general can be used in the legitimization of various statements of truth. I also claim that Greta can be seen as a boundary object in the ongoing negotiation. The use of religious metaphors also proves to be of great importance in trying to undermine the climate issue and climate research in general.

On the 15th of March 2019, more than 1.6 million students have protested in 125 countries against the climate change effects, as part of the Fridays for Future movement. The manifestations represented the biggest day of global climate action ever taken, according to media outlets. At the core of this movement stands Greta Thunberg, a Swedish 16-year old climate activist and a Nobel Prize nominee, whose actions and speeches serve as inspiration for both students and adults.  With a focus on environmental communication and climate activism, this research aims to find how the teenager addressed climate change topics and how she succeeded in conveying her ideas to audiences. It discusses how the rhetoric was constructed within her speeches, and which of the argumentative elements gave Greta Thunberg the ability to convince the public. The study combines frame and rhetoric analysis with a focus on the text of the speeches that Greta Thunberg delivered in three major international events. The purpose is to observe and understand the nature of Greta Thunberg’s activism by analyzing how the high school student used the linguistic tools and tactics in her public speeches, and to explore a few theories within the text: the issue framing of the climate crisis; the argumentative and discursive techniques that helped her to gain media and public attention.  The thesis concludes that the evolution of Greta Thunberg’s climate activism, from ‘no attention’ to global reputation, is based on grassroots activism, particular personality features, and efficient use of rhetoric devices combined with moral purpose argumentation. / <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p><p>I take the opportunity to thank my Master thesis supervisor professor Paola Sartoretto, from Stockholm University, for the valuable professional support that she offered. Additionally, I thank professor Mia Verhoeff Friman from Jönköping University, for her useful remarks and input during this 2-year Master’s Program.</p><p>Last but not least, I want to express my gratitude for all the encouragement I received in my efforts to attend this program and to address special thanks to my mother Otilia for her continuous guidance and love, for always believing in me, and for being my role model as a mother, woman, teacher, and respected professional.</p>

A few weeks before the Swedish election in September 2018, a young girl named Greta Thunberg decidedto leave school every Friday and instead sit outside the Swedish parliament in Stockholm to raise awarenessabout the climate. This “school strike for climate” has since then developed to be a world-wide phenomenonand on the 15th of March more than 1.4 million youngsters participated in more than 100 countries.However, these actions have been subject of lots of debate in media; Greta being both cherished andcriticized. Framed within the questions about what motivates the political participation and in what way theschool takes a stand, this thesis aims to analyze “school strike for climate” in relation to the role of bothknowledge and fostering in the Swedish school. Through theories of street-level bureaucracy and politicalparticipation, accompanied by Carol Bacchis discourse perspective what´s the problem represented to be the studyexamines 32 Swedish newspaper articles. The result is a variety of problem representations, getting legitimized through law or moral, but also through a representation which hold both school and the pupils responsible for result in school. One of thedevelopments in the discourse is that during time and enlarging of the political activism, the youngster’sactions more and more is characterized as political participation than of an individual choice. This alsomeans that schools have to take a stand up on an organizational level, where many principals refer to schoolattendance and the law. When political activism is legislated through the curriculum it seems to be adidactical choice by the teachers, whom within their free space as professional street-level bureaucrats mayhave varying opportunities to use the theme within their teaching. Over all, the discourse focus more uponthe climate than democratic ideals, which suggests an unused potential of “school strike for climate” incivic´s education.

Många forskare menar att klimatförändringarna är vår tids största ödesfråga. För att möta de stundande klimatproblemen läggs ett stort ansvar på skolan och den undervisningen eleverna får ta del av. Klimatundervisningen ska dels leda till att eleverna lär sig om miljöfrågor, hur klimatförändringar uppstår, både de naturligt förekommande såväl som de vi människor påverkar, dels inge tilltro till sin egen förmåga att kunna leva hållbart och ta välgrundade beslut som rör klimatet. För att lärarna ska kunna utforma en undervisning som möter elevers uppfattningar behövs det kunskap om vilka uppfattningar svenska grundskolelever kan ha. Den här studien syftar till att svara på vilka uppfattningar svenska elever har om orsaker till-, konsekvenser av- och åtgärder för att bromsa klimatförändringarna, samt vilka informationskällor de har. Metoden som har använts för datainsamling är semistrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer med 15 svenska elever i årskurs 6. Materialet har sedan analyserats genom tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att även om eleverna har fått samma undervisning i ämnet, av samma lärare, skiljde sig deras uppfattningar om klimatförändringarna. Resultatet visar också att eleverna sätter sina egenintressen före klimatet även om de anser att handlingarna skulle vara effektiva åtgärder att bromsa klimatförändringarna. Många elever ställde sig också skeptiska till skolstrejk för klimatet, både att själva delta och nyttan med att andra skolstrejkar. / Many climate scientists believe that the climate change is the most critical issue of our time. In order to meet the future climate problems, a great responsibility is placed on school and the education the students receive. Climate education should partly lead to students learning about environmental issues, how climate change occurs, both the natural ones as well as the ones humans are responsible for, and to give confidence in their own ability to live sustainably and make well-grounded decisions regarding the climate. In order for teachers to make lessons that meet the students’ perceptions about the climate, we need to know what perceptions Swedish primary school students may have. The purpose of this study is to answer what perceptions the Swedish students have of the causes, consequences and actions to decrease the climate change, as well as to find out what sources of information they have. The method used for data collection is semi-structured focus group interviews with 15 Swedish students from 6th grade. The material has been analyzed using thematic analysis. The result from this study shows that despite the fact that the students have offered the same education, by the same teacher, their views on climate change differed. The results also show that students put their own interests ahead of the climate, even though they believe that some actions would be effective in terms of decreasing the climate change. Many students were also skeptical toward school strikes for the climate, both when it comes to participation and the efficiency themselves and the efficiency when other participate in school strikes.

Humanity currently faces an existential crisis: anthropogenic climate change. In order to guarantee our survival on a stable planet, immediate mitigation and adaption strategies must be implemented. However, institutions are failing to live up to the task and a concrete action plan is currently non-existent, as climate governance struggles with fragmentation, commitment, and challenges posed by neoliberalism. Since the top-down approach is insufficient, extra-institutional actors are arising as leaders for the environmental agenda.  This study narrows down on Greta Thunberg and assesses her capacity in leading the climate movement. The applicability of frame theory (Benford and Snow, 2000) will be tested to understand the mobilisation potential of Greta’s discourse. The main focus of this examination is to analyse how Greta has used diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational collective action frames in order to place the limelight on the seriousness of climate change and correspondingly how this has led to civil society mobilisation. Through a discourse analysis of her speeches, it was discovered that the framing perspective plays a role in meaning construction for the movement.

This study aims at exploring a new phenomenon labelled here as green populism. Building on modern theories of populism and green ideology, this case-study is focused on finding which elements of green populism are present, if any, in Greta Thunberg’s discourse. Using a Qualitative Content Analysis methodology and what is known as a coding process, it was possible to determine that all six subcategories of green populism, defined by this study as a) ecological crisis of cosmic proportion, b) victimisation of "the people", c) blame attribution to "the elite", d) green radicalisation, e) trust in science, and finally, f) intergenerational justice, can be identified in Greta Thunberg’s speeches. The analysis leads to the conclusion that Greta Thunberg is a populist actor which combines both populism thin-centred ideology and green ideology into a new phenomenon: green populism. / <p>Contact: ac222sd@student.lnu.se</p>

This study analyses the frames and discourses in different news media reporting on the same events in news outlets in Canada, the US, and Sweden. This was done by analysing both digital-born media and legacy media. The theoretical framework consists of theories about discourse, framing, media logics, the economic prerequisites for journalism, and environmental journalism. The aim is to find what frames, discourses, tone and what voices are being heard in the news coverage of Greta Thunberg’s climate protest, the migrant caravan, and the UN report on climate change released in 2018. Also, differences in the different media are analysed. This is done through discourse analysis by using Fairclough’s CDA and the three-dimensional model, combined with tools from critical linguistics. The analysis of the news texts found that the discourses in the coverage of the three events followed previous research on journalistic values, production and the way that climate change events were reported (or not reported) on. The study also found some themes, frames, that were producing new discourses in climate change journalism. Among these was the way that Greta Thunberg and other young voices were heard on a subject that previously has been heavily focused on politicians, scientists and NGO’s. Thunberg and the migrant caravan were also covered more extensively by the news media included than the UN report, not framing climate in the articles, even though they are about climate change events.

Since Greta Thunberg started her environmental school strike in August 2018 she has become a world famous activist and has been portrayed in news media everywhere. The aim of this bachelor study has been to examine how Greta Thunberg has been portrayed in the Swedish news media through examining two daily press newspapers and two evening press newspapers. This resulted in analyzing articles in Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. By using a qualitative and a quantitative content analysis we investigated three different events connected to Greta Thunberg through published articles. During 2018 the event that started her journey, which is the school strike, was selected as one of these happenings. During 2019 we chose her UN- speech in New York, and for the last event her speech at the World Economic Forum's Annual Meeting in Davos was chosen. By choosing these specific events we could build a perception of what the media's portrayal of Greta Thunberg has been like during these three years. Therefore this study also aimed to answer the following research questions: - How has Greta Thunberg been portrayed in the daily press and the evening press? - Has the portrayal of Greta Thunberg changed over time? In this study we used the Framing Theory and also the protest paradigms as guidelines and we also applied von Zabern &amp; Tulloch (2020) and Bergmann &amp; Ossewaardes (2020) different frames. This study then led to an identification of a new framing of Greta Thunberg which we named “Speaking without speaking”, mostly consisting of what politicians and celebrities are saying about Greta Thunberg in the press. We also found that by examining these specific events that Greta Thunberg has been portrayed in different ways. Therefore we could also conclude that the framings and portrayals of Greta Thunberg changed throughout time. This means that she went from being portrayed as a young girl skipping school for the climate, to a world famous environmental activist and finally becoming a trustworthy leader. Therefore our study shows that Greta Thunberg was being undermined due to her young age in the ibeginning, but as her status grew the media changed their portrayal of her into the role model that she has become today.