The encounter with death and death anxiety are quite popular themes, which have been researched in the science of psychology for a long time. On the other hand, the research is criticized for frequent simplification of this phenomenon, lack of deeper analysis and understanding, while the concepts are not always used in an accurate manner. After operationalizing the definition of death anxiety, the concept of finality of life is used in research, which is grounded on unique philosophical position and enables to explore the interested phenomenon in a new way, as well as to look at its experiences in a different manner. The method of grounded theory (GT) was selected for research, which allows exploring the interested phenomenon in a comprehensive manner, identifying its essential points and features, and presenting a theoretical model that explains it. 17 healthy subjects of both genders of 22 – 45 year old and four additional subjects, who expanded the research field, participated in research. 2 in-depth interviews were conducted with each of them, they wrote a diary on the researched theme. The collected data were analyzed, according to the principles of classic GT, and the central component of theory – the core category – striving to live more valuably – was distinguished. It is revealed how this theory solves and explains the main concern – inevitability of death. Substantive categories were also revealed, for example: negotiating reality of life and negotiating changes in... [to full text] / Sandūra su mirtimi bei mirties nerimas psichologijos moksle yra pakankamai populiarios ir seniai tyrinėjamos temos. Kita vertus, tyrinėjimai susilaukia kritikos dėl to, kad dažnai šį reiškinį supaprastina, tyrimams trūksta gilesnės analizės bei supratimo, o sąvokos ne visuomet tiksliai vartojamos. Operacionalizavus mirties nerimo apibrėžimą, šiame tyrime naudojamas gyvenimo baigtinumo terminas, kuris grindžiamas savita filosofine pozicija ir leidžia naujai įvertinti dominantį fenomeną bei kitu kampu pažvelgti į jo patyrimą. Tyrinėjimui pasirinktas grindžiamosios teorijos (GT) metodas, kuris leidžia įvairiapusiškai ištirti dominantį reiškinį, išskirti jo esmines vietas ir savybes bei pateikti jį aiškinantį teorinį konstruktą. Tyrime dalyvavo 17 jaunų ir sveikų 22-45 metų abiejų lyčių tiriamųjų bei keturi papildomi tiriamieji, kurie praplėtė tyrimo lauką. Su kiekvienu jų buvo atlikti 2 giluminiai interviu, jie rašė dienoraštį tyrinėjama tema. Surinkti duomenys buvo analizuojamai pagal klasikinės GT principus ir išskirtas centrinis teorijos komponentas - esminė kategorija – siekis gyventi vertingiau. Atskleidžiama, kiek ši sukurta teorija išsprendžia ir paaiškina pagrindinį rūpestį - mirties neišvengiamumą. Atskleistos ir papildomos kategorijos, kaip: derėjimasis su mirties realybe ir derėjimasis su gyvenimo pokyčiais. Sukurta teorija, pristatoma tiek naratyvų, tiek grafinio paveikslėlio pavidalu, suteikia galimybę geriau suprasti, ką išgyvena jauni suaugusieji, patirdami... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Sandūra su mirtimi bei mirties nerimas psichologijos moksle yra pakankamai populiarios ir seniai tyrinėjamos temos. Kita vertus, tyrinėjimai susilaukia kritikos dėl to, kad dažnai šį reiškinį supaprastina, tyrimams trūksta gilesnės analizės bei supratimo, o sąvokos ne visuomet tiksliai vartojamos. Operacionalizavus mirties nerimo apibrėžimą, šiame tyrime naudojamas gyvenimo baigtinumo terminas, kuris grindžiamas savita filosofine pozicija ir leidžia naujai įvertinti dominantį fenomeną bei kitu kampu pažvelgti į jo patyrimą. Tyrinėjimui pasirinktas grindžiamosios teorijos (GT) metodas, kuris leidžia įvairiapusiškai ištirti dominantį reiškinį, išskirti jo esmines vietas ir savybes bei pateikti jį aiškinantį teorinį konstruktą. Tyrime dalyvavo 17 jaunų ir sveikų 22-45 metų abiejų lyčių tiriamųjų bei keturi papildomi tiriamieji, kurie praplėtė tyrimo lauką. Su kiekvienu jų buvo atlikti 2 giluminiai interviu, jie rašė dienoraštį tyrinėjama tema. Surinkti duomenys buvo analizuojamai pagal klasikinės GT principus ir išskirtas centrinis teorijos komponentas - esminė kategorija – siekis gyventi vertingiau. Atskleidžiama, kiek ši sukurta teorija išsprendžia ir paaiškina pagrindinį rūpestį - mirties neišvengiamumą. Atskleistos ir papildomos kategorijos, kaip: derėjimasis su mirties realybe ir derėjimasis su gyvenimo pokyčiais. Sukurta teorija, pristatoma tiek naratyvų, tiek grafinio paveikslėlio pavidalu, suteikia galimybę geriau suprasti, ką išgyvena jauni suaugusieji, patirdami... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The encounter with death and death anxiety are quite popular themes, which have been researched in the science of psychology for a long time. On the other hand, the research is criticized for frequent simplification of this phenomenon, lack of deeper analysis and understanding, while the concepts are not always used in an accurate manner. After operationalizing the definition of death anxiety, the concept of finality of life is used in research, which is grounded on unique philosophical position and enables to explore the interested phenomenon in a new way, as well as to look at its experiences in a different manner. The method of grounded theory (GT) was selected for research, which allows exploring the interested phenomenon in a comprehensive manner, identifying its essential points and features, and presenting a theoretical model that explains it. 17 healthy subjects of both genders of 22 – 45 year old and four additional subjects, who expanded the research field, participated in research. 2 in-depth interviews were conducted with each of them, they wrote a diary on the researched theme. The collected data were analyzed, according to the principles of classic GT, and the central component of theory – the core category – striving to live more valuably – was distinguished. It is revealed how this theory solves and explains the main concern – inevitability of death. Substantive categories were also revealed, for example: negotiating reality of life and negotiating changes in... [to full text]

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Lietuvoje įstatymais garantuojamas lygių galimybių užtikrinimas bei sąlygų studijuoti sudarymas aukštosiose mokyklose, tačiau realybėje neįgalieji susiduria su įvairaus pobūdžio kliūtimis, siekdami lygiaverčių studijų ir išsilavinimo. Šios disertacijos tikslas – sukurti grindžiamąją teoriją apie neįgaliųjų studentų dalyvavimą Lietuvos aukštosiose mokyklose. Siekta atsakyti į klausimus, kaip neįgalieji studentai įgyvendina veiksnumą, dalyvaudami studijų procese aukštosiose mokyklose? Kaip vyksta studijų sąlygų kūrimas institucijoje, sąveikaujant neįgaliajam ir akademinės bendruomenės nariams? Kaip keičiasi neįgaliųjų studentų tapatumas dalyvaujant aukštojoje mokykloje? Kokybinio tyrimo strategija pasirinkta Grindžiamoji teorija ir atlikti 32 pusiau struktūruoti interviu su skirtingą negalią turinčiais studentais. Pritaikant metodologines procedūras sukurta grindžiamoji teorija apie neįgaliųjų studentų dalyvavimą Lietuvos aukštosiose mokyklose. Ši teorija atskleidžia, jog neįgaliųjų studentų dalyvavimas prasideda dėl dalyvavimo apribojimų institucijoje ir neįgaliųjų lygiavertiškumo siekio – dėl šių priežasčių neįgalieji pagal savo pajėgumus pradeda šalinti dalyvavimo apribojimus. Sukurta grindžiamoji teorija apie neįgaliųjų studentų dalyvavimą Lietuvos aukštosiose mokyklose nagrinėjama per A. Giddenso struktūracijos teorijos prizmę, neįgalumo modelius bei tapatumo kitimą. Sukurtoji teorija patvirtina A. Giddenso struktūracijos pagrindinę idėją, jog neįgalieji studentai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Equal opportunities to study in higher education institutions for disabled people are guaranteed by national legislation. However, in practice students with disabilities face various kind of problems while pursuing for education. The goal of this dissertation is to create a grounded theory about disabled students participation in Lithuanian higher education institutions. The research questions were formulated: how are disabled students implementing their agency while participating in the study process in higher education institutions? How does the creation of studying conditions take place in higher education institutions regarding the interaction between disabled students and the members of the academic community? How does the disabled student’s identity change during participation in higher education? The Grounded Theory was chosen here as the methodology of qualitative research. There have been conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with students having different kind of disabilities. Grounded theory about disabled students’ participation in Lithuanian higher education institutions was created. This theory does reveal that the reasons of disabled students‘ individual acts are the restrictions of participation in institutions as well as their aspiration of equality. Disabled students are starting to eliminate the restrictions of participation according to their capacities. Empirical data is analyzed in the light of A. Giddens‘ theory of structuration, models of disability... [to full text]

Equal opportunities to study in higher education institutions for disabled people are guaranteed by national legislation. However, in practice students with disabilities face various kind of problems while pursuing for education. The goal of this dissertation is to create a grounded theory about disabled students participation in Lithuanian higher education institutions. The research questions were formulated: how are disabled students implementing their agency while participating in the study process in higher education institutions? How does the creation of studying conditions take place in higher education institutions regarding the interaction between disabled students and the members of the academic community? How does the disabled student’s identity change during participation in higher education? The Grounded Theory was chosen here as the methodology of qualitative research. There have been conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with students having different kind of disabilities. Grounded theory about disabled students’ participation in Lithuanian higher education institutions was created. This theory does reveal that the reasons of disabled students‘ individual acts are the restrictions of participation in institutions as well as their aspiration of equality. Disabled students are starting to eliminate the restrictions of participation according to their capacities. Empirical data is analyzed in the light of A. Giddens‘ theory of structuration, models of disability... [to full text] / Lietuvoje įstatymais garantuojamas lygių galimybių užtikrinimas bei sąlygų studijuoti sudarymas aukštosiose mokyklose, tačiau realybėje neįgalieji susiduria su įvairaus pobūdžio kliūtimis, siekdami lygiaverčių studijų ir išsilavinimo. Šios disertacijos tikslas – sukurti grindžiamąją teoriją apie neįgaliųjų studentų dalyvavimą Lietuvos aukštosiose mokyklose. Siekta atsakyti į klausimus, kaip neįgalieji studentai įgyvendina veiksnumą, dalyvaudami studijų procese aukštosiose mokyklose? Kaip vyksta studijų sąlygų kūrimas institucijoje, sąveikaujant neįgaliajam ir akademinės bendruomenės nariams? Kaip keičiasi neįgaliųjų studentų tapatumas dalyvaujant aukštojoje mokykloje? Kokybinio tyrimo strategija pasirinkta Grindžiamoji teorija ir atlikti 32 pusiau struktūruoti interviu su skirtingą negalią turinčiais studentais. Pritaikant metodologines procedūras sukurta grindžiamoji teorija apie neįgaliųjų studentų dalyvavimą Lietuvos aukštosiose mokyklose. Ši teorija atskleidžia, jog neįgaliųjų studentų dalyvavimas prasideda dėl dalyvavimo apribojimų institucijoje ir neįgaliųjų lygiavertiškumo siekio – dėl šių priežasčių neįgalieji pagal savo pajėgumus pradeda šalinti dalyvavimo apribojimus. Sukurta grindžiamoji teorija apie neįgaliųjų studentų dalyvavimą Lietuvos aukštosiose mokyklose nagrinėjama per A. Giddenso struktūracijos teorijos prizmę, neįgalumo modelius bei tapatumo kitimą. Sukurtoji teorija patvirtina A. Giddenso struktūracijos pagrindinę idėją, jog neįgalieji studentai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Denna avhandling är en kvalitativ studie av hur organisationer kan förenkla och förbättra arbetet med kravspecificering vid anskaffning av komponentbaserade informationssystem. Avhandlingens utgångspunkt är att mer verksamhetsnära och användbara informationssystem kan anskaffas genom att använda en integrerad verksamhetsmodell där verksamhetsanalys och kravspecificering slås samman. Fyra kunskapsområden har studerats och analyserats för att generera ett ramverk som riktar uppmärksamhet mot relevant innehåll och utformning av en integrerad verksamhetsmodell, 1) verksamhetsprocesser 2) verksamhetsmodellering 3) mjukvarukomponenter och 4) specificering. Avhandlingens empiri representeras av en rekonstruktion av den komponent- och processorienterade anskaffning av ett komplett vårdinformationssystem som genomförts i Landstinget i Värmland. Analyser och respektive kunskapsområde har skett utifrån ansatsen Multi-Grounded Theory vilket innebär en reorigenerering utifrån en växelverkan mellan existerande teorier och empirisk grundning. Några exempel på kunskapsbidrag är ett vidareutvecklat processbegrepp samt en ny livscykelmodell för komponentbaserade informationssystem. Utifrån kunskapsbidragen inom respektive kunskapsområde har integrationssynpunkter identifierats som legat till grund för utveckling av ramverket för en verksamhetsnära kravspecifikation. I avhandlingen dras slutsatsen att genom att integrera arbetet med verksamhetsanalys och kravspecificering skapas bättre förutsättningar för att kravspecifikationer speglar de behov systemen är avsedda att uppfylla och att gapet mellan krav och lösning minskar genom ett bättre underlag för kommunikation mellan kund och systemleverantör. Ramverket pekar på att en verksamhetsnära kravspecifikation utformas i en integrerad processmodell som beskriver verksamhetsprocesser utifrån identifierade generiska processbegrepp samt ett scenario för användning och klassificering av funktionalitet. Kravspecifikationen bör, enligt ramverket, även innehålla en systemöversikt, kommersiella och leverantörsrelaterade krav, design- och arkitektoniska krav samt utförandekrav. Ramverket har prövats och vidareutvecklats utifrån en extern validering i form av en utvärderingsworkshop där ramverkets relevans och användbarhet diskuterats utifrån de erfarenheter och den dokumentation som genererats i Landstinget i Värmland.

Hensikt Hensikten med studien har vært å få dypere kunnskap om hva det har betydd for Marte Meo terapeuter i demensomsorgen å ha lært metoden.   Metode Grounded theory har blitt benyttet som analysemetode av åtte åpne intervjuer.   Resultat Informantene som alle er Marte Meo terapeuter, sier at de har fått en metode som de har savnet i demensomsorgen. Metoden hjelper dem til å oppdage taus kunnskap, støtte kunnskap som de allerede har og den styrker selvtilliten deres. De har fått økt bevissthet og et felles språk som har ført til et bedre arbeidsmiljø og en opplevelse av å se og møte pasientenes individuelle behov på en bedre måte.   Konklusjon Studien har vist at Marte Meo metoden har positiv innvirkning både fordi personalet får et bedre arbeidsmiljø og fordi personalet opplever at de etter å ha lært Marte Meo metoden  bedre kan møte pasientenes behov. / Purpose This qualitative study aimed to increase understanding of  what the consequences have been for Marte Meo therapists in dementia health care to have learned the method.   Method We used grounded theory to analyze eight open interviews.   Results The informants, all Marte Meo therapists reported that they gained a method they long have missed for dementia health care. The Marte Meo method helps them detect tacit knowledge, support and enforce known knowledge, and strengthen their self-confidence. They also gained increased awareness and a common language leading to an improved working environment and the individual needs of the patients are better seen and met.   Conclusion The study shows that Marte Meo method has positive influence both because the staff have an improved working environment and because the staff experience that they are better able to detect the patients needs after having learned the method. / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-76-4</p>

In this dissertation, I advance the question of what it means for applied theatre artists to give voice to the community members with whom they work. The study engages with some of the ethical and aesthetic tensions that emerge when one group of people (artists) is entrusted with giving dramatic form to the lived experience of another group (community members). The central premise of the dissertation is that when community participants increase their independent capacity to devise dynamic and compelling theatre, they achieve greater agency. Using a grounded theory analysis, I theorize qualities and characteristics that contribute to the staging of aesthetically arresting theatre, organized into a conceptual lexicon. This praxis-based study is intended to enable applied theatre practitioners to more directly give voice to their community partners. The dissertation presents a vocabulary that offers community participants and professional artists a mutually understood language with which to engage the power of the theatrical event. / Graduate

The purpose of this doctoral dissertation has been to increase the knowledge of customers’ view on relation to commercial restaurant meals and thereby to increase the knowledge within the restaurant industry about customers’ perspectives about meals. The dissertation is based on four studies of customers’ meal experiences in á la Carte restaurants in Norway. In addition, a methodological paper has been written to illuminate central aspects of the method used in the dissertation. An explorative and qualitative approach was selected in the data collection, focus group interviews and semi-structured interviews of experienced restaurant customers from à la Carte restaurants were used and analysed within a modified grounded theory approach. The participants were from the cities of Oslo and Stavanger in Norway. The conceptual models in the four studies are first of all the result of the analysis of the data collected. The first study includes a conceptual model illustrating different aspects of the payment process of the bill; important aspects were expectations, sensibility, and reactions. It was demonstrated how a delay in the payment process had negative affects on the customers meal experiences. In the second study, the five important elements of customers’ meal experiences were: The core product, the restaurant interior, the personal social meeting, the company, and the restaurant atmosphere. These five aspects were woven tightly together and the restaurant atmosphere occurred as the “glue” that connected the different meal experience aspects into a whole. The third study focused on the customers’ choices of restaurants, and the occasion occurred as an important element in the decision-making process of choosing a restaurant. The fourth study revealed which consumer values were important by restaurant visits, and identified 13 single values that were integrated into five consumer value categories: Excellence, harmony, emotional stimulation, acknowledgement, and circumstance value. The fifth paper provides a thorough discussion of the usefulness of the modified grounded theory applied in the studies. When an overall comparison of the different studies is made, there are several indications that the restaurant employees, and especially the waiting staff, represent the restaurant’s most important assets in the meetings with customers. Increasing the knowledge level of the staff about the customers seems to be an actual element, and thus education and training will be of great importance for development of the restaurant field. / Hensikten med denne avhandlingen har vært å øke kunnskapen omkring kunders oppfatninger i forhold til kommersielle måltider, og gjennom det, øke kunnskapen til restaurantnæringen om kundenes perspektiv. Avhandlingen er en artikkelbasert doktorgrad, og består av fire ulike studier knyttet til kunders måltidsopplevelser på à la Carte restauranter i to ulike byer i Norge. I tillegg er en metodeartikkel skrevet for å belyse sentrale metodiske aspekter som er viktige for å forstå de ulike deler av metoden som er benyttet. En eksplorativ og kvalitativ metodisk tilnærming til forskningsfeltet ble valgt, datainnsamlingen er basert på ulike typer intervjuer, fokusgruppe og seminstrukturerte intervjuer av erfarne restaurantgjester med ulike bakgrunn verdrørende deres måltidsopplevelser på à la Carte restauranter. De empiriske data er analysert ved bruk av en modifisert grounded theory tilnærming. Deltagerne i intervjuene kom fra to byer i Norge, Oslo og Stavanger. I alle fire studiene ble det utviklet konseptuelle modeller basert på de empiriske data som var samlet inn og tolket i de kvalitative intervjuene. De ulike modellene beskriver på hvert sitt sett ulike sider av kunders måltidsopplevelser på restauranter. Det første studiet inneholder en modell som beskriver ulike aspekter ved betalingsprosessen. Sentrale aspekter er forventinger, sensibilitet, og reaksjoner på betalingen av regningen på restaurant. I det andre studiet ble fem aspekter under måltidsopplevelsen utledet som viktige for restaurant gjestene: Kjerneproduktet, restaurantens interiør, det personlige service møtet, selskapet, og restaurantens atmosfære. Disse elementene henger tett sammen, og restaurantens atmosfære binder sammen de ulike delene til en helhetlig måltidsopplevelse. I den tredje studien var det kunders valg av restaurant som sto i fokus. Det ble avdekket at anledningen var svært viktig for kunders restaurantvalg. I den fjerde studien var det avdekningene av hvilke konsumentverdier som er sentrale for restaurantbesøk. Den femte studien foretar en gjennomgående diskusjon av den modifisert grounded theory tilnærmingen som blir benyttet i de fire andre studiene. Når funnene i de ulike studiene blir sammenholdt, kan en avlede at de restaurant ansatte, spesielt serveringspersonale, synes å være den mest kritiske ressursen for restauranten i møte med kundene. Utdanning og trening av personalet er derfor av stor viktighet for utviklingen av restaurantnæringen.

Certain aspects of our modern diet have been implicated in thedevelopment of non-communicable diseases. For instance, energyconsumed in excess of an individual's physiological requirements maylead to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes mellitus, gall bladder disease,coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and possibly some cancers.Although many of these diet-related diseases can be controlled by modernmedicine, they cannot be cured. Instead, prevention through public healthstrategies is the only satisfactory solution. One of the major strategies forprevention of diet-related diseases in Australia is to modify the nationaldiet (Rogers 1987). In April 1979, the Commonwealth Department of Health responded to theWorld Health Organisation's call for the development of national food andnutrition polices by proposing the Dietary Guidelines for Australians. "TheDietary Guidelines for Australians provide advice to the general populationabout healthy food choices, so that their usual diet contributes to ahealthy life-style and is consistent with minimal risk for the developmentof diet-related diseases" (National Health and Medical Research Council1992:ix). However, in order to achieve the aim of the dietary guidelines,supporting educational programs are required. This is because it isbelieved that as consumers become more informed about food, nutrition,health, and the dietary guidelines, they are more likely to begin changingtheir diet in the directions recommended by the CommonwealthDepartment of Health and Family Services (1998a). Public health professionals believe that behaviour-change theories arebeneficial in gaining an understanding of the evolution of peoples' foodand nutrition behaviours. Behaviour-change theories are typicallyintegrated into dietary interventions as a means of educating theAustralian population about healthy food choices. However, attempts tochange Australians' food and nutrition behaviours by applying behaviour-change theories have been adiaphorous. Therefore, public health professionals need to explore traditional food and nutrition practices inorder to determine more effective dietary change strategies for the Australian population. Qualitative research is complementary to existing quantitative studies onbehaviour-change. Since qualitative methodologies focus on the whole ofhuman experience and the meaning ascribed by individuals living theexperience, these methodologies permit broader understanding and deeperinsight into complex human behaviours such as food consumption thanwhat might be obtained from grossly measured quantitativeclassifications. Grounded theory was the qualitative methodology chosenfor this study because it allowed me to theorise about the rationale forconsumers' current food choices. Bread and Cereal consumption waschosen as an important staple food group in which to explore thisphenomenon. Thus, this research was designed to discover, understand,and theorise about the rationale for consumers' current Bread and Cerealfood choices. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with22 participants living in South-East Queensland. Adult males and femalesfrom three-generational families of varying ethnicity were recruited frommy personal network of associates. Interviews were analysed usinggrounded theory methodology for data analysis. The resulting Grounded Substantive Theory of Food Autonomy posits thatconsumers have different levels of power when it comes to selecting theBreads and Cereals they want to eat and that their power to choose themis governed by micro- and macroenvironmental forces.Microenvironmental forces envelop sociofamilial powers such as parents,partner, and offspring whereas macroenvironmental forces envelop thesociopolitical powers of the food industry, health professionals, andinstitutions. These forces influence a consumer's capacity to select theBreads and Cereals they want to eat. Consumers engage in the process ofinformation gathering in order to overcome these prevailing influences. The significance of the Grounded Substantive Theory of Food Autonomy asa means for explaining how consumers acquire food autonomy fromprevailing influences in order to eat the Breads and Cereals they desirehas important implications for public health nutrition education andpractice. An understanding of the life long nature underpinning a person'sfood behaviour will help nutrition and dietetic professionals understandbetter the range of change that is likely to be possible, and the best waysto facilitate food autonomy through appropriate education and compatibledietary interventions. Autonomy is not a new concept but when associatedwith food it introduces the public health professional to a paradoxicalperspective for studying consumers' food behaviour, which has beencustomarily looked at via the decision making process of food choice andbehaviour-change theories with adiaphorous effects.