Diversos estudos que abordam as repercussões das cirurgias ginecológicas na vida da mulher apontam para uma relação existente com aspectos subjetivos, em virtude da construção social da identidade feminina, indicando que a perda de órgãos ginecológicos pode interferir na maneira da mulher se perceber e se relacionar com o mundo. O presente estudo tem como objeto o processo de interação da mulher no contexto das cirurgias ginecológicas. Para isso foram formulados os objetivos: Descrever os significados da cirurgia ginecológica para a mulher submetida a este procedimento e Analisar o processo de interação da mulher com ela mesma e com o seu núcleo social a partir dos significados por ela atribuídos à cirurgia ginecológica, considerando o fenômeno da mutilação. O estudo de natureza qualitativa, do tipo descritivo-exploratório, teve como referencial teórico-metodológico o Interacionismo Simbólico e a Grounded Theory, que subsidiaram uma interpretação da ação e das relações das mulheres no contexto da cirurgia ginecológica e da mutilação, baseados na definição e interpretação de significados por elas atribuídos. Dos resultados emergiram quatro categorias: Investigando a doença e decidindo aceitar a cirurgia, A passagem pela cirurgia: vivendo o processo de resolução do problema, Enfrentando as mudanças impostas pela cirurgia e Valorizando a vida. Evidenciou-se que ao receber o diagnóstico da doença, a mulher interage com dúvidas, medos, a busca por informação e pelos benefícios da cirurgia, e por fim decide aceitá-la. Ao passar pela cirurgia, vivencia incômodos, complicações, compreende que perdeu uma parte do corpo e procura conformar-se, tentando crer que foi o único caminho. As diversas mudanças que ocorrem fazem-na construir novos significados e mudar a percepção de si e do seu meio social, a partir da interação consigo mesma e com este meio, fazendo-a refletir sobre a sexualidade, seus relacionamentos, sua saúde, a diferença no corpo e em si mesma, nas funções que desempenha e sobre a mutilação provocada pela cirurgia. O desenvolvimento de mecanismos de enfrentamento, como comparar sua cirurgia e histórias com outras, identificar aprendizados com a experiência, buscar formas de superação e resignar-se resultaram na valorização da vida e na vontade de viver melhor. Percebe-se a importância da enfermeira estabelecer um cuidado multidimensional, que identifique as necessidades que vão além do corpo biológico, respeitando as particularidades e a individualidade no momento do cuidado e contribuindo para o bem-estar físico, psíquico, social e espiritual das mulheres. / Several studies that approach the repercussions of gynecological surgery on womens lives indicate a relationship with subjective aspects, due to the social construction of the female identity, pointing out that the loss of gynecological organs may interfere in the way women perceive themselves and connects with the world. The object of this study is the process of interaction of women in the context of gynecological surgeries. To do so, the following objectives were devised: To describe the meanings of gynecological surgery for women undergoing such procedure and to analyze the process of interaction with women to themselves and with their social environment from the meanings attributed by her to gynecological surgery, considering the phenomenon of mutilation. This descriptive, exploratory study of qualitative nature had the Symbolic Interactionism and the Grounded Theory as theoretical-methodological references, thus supporting an interpretation of the action and relationships of women in the context of gynecological surgery, and mutilation, based on the definition and interpretation of meaning attributed by them. Four categories emerged from the results: Investigating the disease and deciding to accept the surgery; Undergoing the surgery: coping with the problem resolution process; Facing the changes posed by the surgery; and Appreciating life. It was evident that, when women are faced with the diagnosis, they interact with doubt, fear, search for information and the benefits of the surgery, and finally decides to accept it. After undergoing the surgery, they cope with discomfort, complications, they understand that they have lost a part of their bodies and seek resignation, trying to believe that it was the only way left. The several changes that occur make them build new meanings and change their own perception and the perception of their social environment, from the interaction with themselves and with that environment, reflection upon sexuality, their relationships, their health, the differences in their bodies and in themselves, in the role they play and in the mutilation provoked by the surgery. The development of confrontation mechanisms, such as comparing their surgeries and histories with others, identifying lessons learned with the experience, seeking ways of overcoming and resignation resulted in the appreciation of life and the desire to live better. The importance of the nurse in establishing a multidimensional care is noticeable. Such care must identify the needs that go beyond the biological body, respect the special characteristics and individuality at the moment of care and contribute to the womens physical, psychic, social and spiritual welfare.

Uma das modalidades de tratamento para mulheres acometidas pelo câncer ginecológico é a radioterapia interna, também conhecida como braquiterapia. Caracteriza-se pela colocação de materiais radioativos junto ao tumor. No caso daquele tipo de câncer, para se efetuar a irradiação, é necessário introduzir um aplicador dentro da vagina. Este tratamento pode ser bastante desconfortável para a mulher, tanto no momento da aplicação, quanto após a mesma. Neste sentido, estudos sobre o tema apontam não apenas para efeitos colaterais físicos, mas também para conseqüências psicológicas na qualidade de vida de pacientes tratadas por braquiterapia. Entretanto, tais estudos são ainda incipientes, tendo maior concentração na área de Enfermagem. É quase inexistente uma produção de caráter psicológico que aprofunde o conhecimento a respeito de questões emocionais em mulheres submetidas a esse procedimento invasivo. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa qualitativa objetivou compreender aspectos psicológicos em mulheres com câncer ginecológico submetidas a essa modalidade radioterápica. Para tanto, foram realizadas sete entrevistas abertas com mulheres em tratamento junto ao Serviço de Radioterapia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo. As entrevistas foram áudio-gravadas, transcritas na íntegra e submetidas à análise de acordo com o método clínico-qualitativo, utilizando-se a psicanálise como marco teórico para a interpretação dos dados. Foi elaborado um diário de campo como instrumento auxiliar de pesquisa. Após realização das leituras flutuantes e análise do material, observou-se que a braquiterapia é sentida pelas mulheres como uma agressão, gerando intensa angústia, desespero e raiva. A manipulação na região vaginal, com entradas e saídas de objetos (aplicador, sonda, etc.), desencadeia vivências e efeitos físicos desagradáveis, como dor, ardência urinária, sensação de queimação. Em uma perspectiva psicanalítica, o tratamento é vivido como um objeto hostil e persecutório que é introduzido na intimidade sexual, afetando a mulher em sua feminilidade. A posição física em que as mulheres permanecem para receber a irradiação acarretou sensação de submissão, vergonha e exposição de sua intimidade. Ainda com relação a este tratamento, foram feitas associações e comparações com a experiência anterior de gravidez/parto, possivelmente pela existência de conflitos e questões inconscientes relacionadas ao nascimento, mas também à morte concretizada pela doença grave. As mulheres atribuíram significados ao surgimento do câncer ginecológico relacionados à vivência de depressão, à sexualidade e à gravidez/parto, sendo que se evidenciou uma culpa inconsciente pela doença. Para enfrentarem as vicissitudes do tratamento, as mulheres tiveram que se basear mais no princípio de realidade - buscar a remissão da doença através do tratamento e da confiança na equipe - do que no princípio de prazer (ou evitação do desprazer), mas com considerável sofrimento psíquico. Neste sentido, considera-se relevante pensar numa assistência psicológica às pacientes, com o intuito de minimizar possíveis efeitos psicológicos adversos associados à braquiterapia. / One of the treatment modes for women affected by gynecological cancer is internal radiotherapy, also known as brachytherapy. It is characterized by the placement of radioactive material near the tumor. For that type of cancer, the irradiation requires the introduction of an applicator inside the vagina. This treatment can be quite uncomfortable for the women, both during and after the application. In this sense, research on the theme appoints not only physical collateral effects, but also psychological consequences for the quality of life of patients treated with brachytherapy. However, these studies are still incipient, with a greater concentration in the Nursing area. Production of psychological nature, which deepens knowledge about emotional issues in women submitted to this invasive procedure, almost does not exist. Thus, this qualitative research aimed to understand psychological aspects in women with psychological cancer submitted to this radiotherapeutic modality. Therefore, seven open interviews were held with women under treatment at the Radiotherapy Service of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School Hospital das Clínicas. The interviews were tape-recorded, fully transcribed and submitted to analysis according to the clinical-qualitative method, using psychoanalysis as a theoretical framework for data interpretation. A field diary was elaborated as an auxiliary research instrument. After floating reading and analysis of the material, it was observed that the women feel brachytherapy as an aggression, generating intense anguish, despair and rage. Manipulation in the vaginal region, with insertions and withdrawals of objects (applicator, probe, etc.), causes unpleasant experiences and effects, such as pain, urinary burning and a burning feeling. In a psychoanalytical perspective, treatment is experienced as a hostile and persecutory object, which is introduced in the sexual intimacy, affecting the woman in her femininity. The physical position in which women remain to receive the irradiation caused a feeling of submission, shame and exposure of their intimacy. Moreover, with respect to this treatment, associations and comparisons were made with previous experiences of pregnancy/delivery, possibly due to the existence of conflicts and unconscious questions related to birth, but also to death made real by the severe disease. The women attributed meanings to the appearance of gynecological cancer, related to the experience of depression, sexuality and pregnancy/delivery, evidencing an unconscious feeling of guilt about the disease. In order to face the vicissitudes of treatment, the women had to base themselves more on the reality principle - seeking the remission of the disease through treatment and confidence in the team - than on the principle of pleasure (or avoidance of displeasure), but accompanied by considerable mental suffering. In this sense, it is considered relevant to think of psychological care delivery to these patients, with a view to minimizing possible adverse psychological effects associated with brachytherapy.

Diversos estudos que abordam as repercussões das cirurgias ginecológicas na vida da mulher apontam para uma relação existente com aspectos subjetivos, em virtude da construção social da identidade feminina, indicando que a perda de órgãos ginecológicos pode interferir na maneira da mulher se perceber e se relacionar com o mundo. O presente estudo tem como objeto o processo de interação da mulher no contexto das cirurgias ginecológicas. Para isso foram formulados os objetivos: Descrever os significados da cirurgia ginecológica para a mulher submetida a este procedimento e Analisar o processo de interação da mulher com ela mesma e com o seu núcleo social a partir dos significados por ela atribuídos à cirurgia ginecológica, considerando o fenômeno da mutilação. O estudo de natureza qualitativa, do tipo descritivo-exploratório, teve como referencial teórico-metodológico o Interacionismo Simbólico e a Grounded Theory, que subsidiaram uma interpretação da ação e das relações das mulheres no contexto da cirurgia ginecológica e da mutilação, baseados na definição e interpretação de significados por elas atribuídos. Dos resultados emergiram quatro categorias: Investigando a doença e decidindo aceitar a cirurgia, A passagem pela cirurgia: vivendo o processo de resolução do problema, Enfrentando as mudanças impostas pela cirurgia e Valorizando a vida. Evidenciou-se que ao receber o diagnóstico da doença, a mulher interage com dúvidas, medos, a busca por informação e pelos benefícios da cirurgia, e por fim decide aceitá-la. Ao passar pela cirurgia, vivencia incômodos, complicações, compreende que perdeu uma parte do corpo e procura conformar-se, tentando crer que foi o único caminho. As diversas mudanças que ocorrem fazem-na construir novos significados e mudar a percepção de si e do seu meio social, a partir da interação consigo mesma e com este meio, fazendo-a refletir sobre a sexualidade, seus relacionamentos, sua saúde, a diferença no corpo e em si mesma, nas funções que desempenha e sobre a mutilação provocada pela cirurgia. O desenvolvimento de mecanismos de enfrentamento, como comparar sua cirurgia e histórias com outras, identificar aprendizados com a experiência, buscar formas de superação e resignar-se resultaram na valorização da vida e na vontade de viver melhor. Percebe-se a importância da enfermeira estabelecer um cuidado multidimensional, que identifique as necessidades que vão além do corpo biológico, respeitando as particularidades e a individualidade no momento do cuidado e contribuindo para o bem-estar físico, psíquico, social e espiritual das mulheres. / Several studies that approach the repercussions of gynecological surgery on womens lives indicate a relationship with subjective aspects, due to the social construction of the female identity, pointing out that the loss of gynecological organs may interfere in the way women perceive themselves and connects with the world. The object of this study is the process of interaction of women in the context of gynecological surgeries. To do so, the following objectives were devised: To describe the meanings of gynecological surgery for women undergoing such procedure and to analyze the process of interaction with women to themselves and with their social environment from the meanings attributed by her to gynecological surgery, considering the phenomenon of mutilation. This descriptive, exploratory study of qualitative nature had the Symbolic Interactionism and the Grounded Theory as theoretical-methodological references, thus supporting an interpretation of the action and relationships of women in the context of gynecological surgery, and mutilation, based on the definition and interpretation of meaning attributed by them. Four categories emerged from the results: Investigating the disease and deciding to accept the surgery; Undergoing the surgery: coping with the problem resolution process; Facing the changes posed by the surgery; and Appreciating life. It was evident that, when women are faced with the diagnosis, they interact with doubt, fear, search for information and the benefits of the surgery, and finally decides to accept it. After undergoing the surgery, they cope with discomfort, complications, they understand that they have lost a part of their bodies and seek resignation, trying to believe that it was the only way left. The several changes that occur make them build new meanings and change their own perception and the perception of their social environment, from the interaction with themselves and with that environment, reflection upon sexuality, their relationships, their health, the differences in their bodies and in themselves, in the role they play and in the mutilation provoked by the surgery. The development of confrontation mechanisms, such as comparing their surgeries and histories with others, identifying lessons learned with the experience, seeking ways of overcoming and resignation resulted in the appreciation of life and the desire to live better. The importance of the nurse in establishing a multidimensional care is noticeable. Such care must identify the needs that go beyond the biological body, respect the special characteristics and individuality at the moment of care and contribute to the womens physical, psychic, social and spiritual welfare.

A proposta deste estudo foi investigar os conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos médicos ginecologistas e obstetras em relação à saúde bucal e ao tratamento odontológico de pacientes gestantes. Foram entrevistados, através de questionários padronizados, 204 médicos ginecologistas e obstetras associados à Sociedade de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia do Estado de São Paulo (SOGESP) e que atuam no Município de São Paulo. Os resultados mostraram que 94,12% dos entrevistados possuem informações sobre os fatores etiológicos da cárie dental e 82,36% possuem informações sobre os fatores etiológicos das alterações gengivais e periodontais que ocorrem no período gestacional. Dos que possuem informações sobre os fatores etiológicos da cárie dental e/ou das alterações gengivais e periodontais que acontecem na gravidez, 96,97% repassam essas informações às pacientes gestantes. Em relação ao nível de informações sobre saúde bucal, 32,35% consideram satisfatório o próprio nível de conhecimentos sobre saúde bucal, enquanto 47,06% julgam relativamente satisfatório e 20,59% acreditam ser insatisfatórios seus conhecimentos sobre esse tema. 94,12% dos entrevistados acreditam que cabe tanto ao cirurgião dentista quanto ao médico orientar as pacientes grávidas em relação à prevenção em saúde bucal na gestação, mas 5,88% acreditam que a orientação às gestantes, no que diz respeito à saúde bucal, cabe apenas ao cirurgião dentista. 97,06% dos pesquisados consideram segura a realização de um tratamento odontológico durante a gravidez, 85,29% consideram segura a realização do exame radiográfico odontológico nesse período e 97,06% recomendam às gestantes procurar atendimento odontológico durante o pré-natal. O segundo trimestre da gravidez é considerado o período mais indicado para o atendimento odontológico programado de pacientes gestantes por 64,71% dos entrevistados. O relacionamento cirurgião dentista-médico, no que diz respeito aos cuidados com a saúde da paciente gestante é satisfatório para 23,53% dos pesquisados, relativamente satisfatório para 35,29% e não satisfatório para 41,18%. Somente 5,88% dos ginecologistas e obstetras realizam um exame bucal das gestantes durante as consultas do pré-natal, mas 100,00% consideram importante a integridade da saúde bucal das pacientes grávidas em relação ao desenvolvimento normal da gestação e orientam-nas sobre a importância da saúde bucal durante o pré-natal. / The propose of the present study was to investigate the gynecologists and obstretrics phisicians’ knowledge and behavior about the oral health and dental treatment in the pregnant patients. Standardized questionaries was used to interview 204 gynecologists and obstetrics physicians associates to the Sociedade Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia do Estado de São Paulo (SOGESP) and they act in the São Paulo city. The results showed that 94,12% possess information about etiology of the gengival and periodontal deseases that occur during the pregnancy. Among these professionals, 96,97% repass these information to the pregnant patients. 32,35% consider satisfactory the own knowledge about oral health while 47,06% judge relatively satisfactory and 20,59% believe to be unsatisfactory the own knowledge about the subject. 94,12% believe that dentists and physicians to guide the pregnant patients in oral health in the pregnancy, but 5,88% believe that the the dentists are responsible for this task. 97,06% consider insurance the accomplishment of dental treatment during the pregnancy. 85,29% consider insurance the accomplishment of the radiographic dental examination in this period and 97,06% recommend to the pregnant patients to look dental treatment during the prenatal. The second trimester of pregnancy is considered the most indicated period to realize a planned dental treatment in pregnant patients by 64,71%. The relationship dentist / physician in whom it says respect to the cares with oral health of the pregnant patients is satisfactory for 23,53% of the searched ones, relatively satisfactory for 35,29% and unsatisfactory for 41,18%. 5,88% only carry through oral examination of the pregnant patients during the prenatal, but 100,00% consider important the integrity of oral health during the pregnancy in relation of the normal development of the pregnancy and guide the pregnant patients on the importance of the oral health during the prenatal.

Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia (bff@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-04-03T17:52:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo, Fernanda Miranda de [Dissertação, 2011].pdf: 1770084 bytes, checksum: 02dc9fe25e679414ba90c97935473f41 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T17:52:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo, Fernanda Miranda de [Dissertação, 2011].pdf: 1770084 bytes, checksum: 02dc9fe25e679414ba90c97935473f41 (MD5) / Objetivo. Descrever a prevalência de resistência a ciprofloxacino e analisar as variáveis potencialmente associadas a esta resistência em amostras de Escherichia coli isoladas de pacientes com câncer ginecológico e infecção do trato urinário (ITU). Métodos. Trata-se de uma série de casos de pacientes com ITU por E. coli assistidas no Hospital do Câncer II do Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA/HCII) de março de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010. Os casos foram detectados através de vigilância microbiológica no laboratório de bacteriologia clínica do INCA/HCII. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas conforme recomendado pelo Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Os dados clínicos e epidemiológicos foram coletados através de revisão de prontuários. Para a avaliação das variáveis potencialmente associadas à resistência a ciprofloxacino foi feita análise multivariada por regressão logística. Resultados. Entre os 275 casos de ITU por E. coli em pacientes com câncer ginecológico incluídas no estudo, a prevalência de resistência das amostras a ciprofloxacino foi 31%. A prevalência de resistência das amostras a outros antimicrobianos como cefazolina, ceftazidima, fosfomicina, gentamicina e nitrofurantoína aumentou significativamente (p≤0,05) ao longo do período. Não foi detectada resistência a amicacina e carbapenemas. Duas amostras foram produtoras de b-lactamases de espectro ampliado (ESBL). As variáveis independentemente associadas à resistência a ciprofloxacino entre as amostras de E. coli foram: presença de nefrostomia (OR: 4,83; IC95%: 1,15-20,23; p: 0,031), internação (OR: 4,00; IC95%: 1,35-11,85; p: 0,012) e uso de fluoroquinolona (OR: 3,02; IC95%: 1,28-7,91; p: 0,015) nos 3 meses anteriores ao episódio de ITU. Conclusão. A resistência ao ciprofloxacino foi elevada. Os fatores de risco para esta resistência foram aqueles relacionados à manipulação de vias urinárias, sugerindo a possibilidade de transmissão cruzada de amostras resistentes a ciprofloxacino, e o uso prévio de fluoroquinolonas / Objective. To describe the prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin and analyze variables potentially associated with this resistance in samples of Escherichia coli isolated from patients with gynecological cancer and urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods. A case-series was conducted between March 2009 and February 2010 at the Cancer Hospital II part of the National Cancer Institute (INCA/HCII) with patients aged over 18 years with gynecological cancer presenting UTI caused by E. coli. Cases were detected through microbiological surveillance in the laboratory of clinical bacteriology in INCA/HCII. Microbiological analyses were performed as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Clinical and epidemiological data were collected through charts review. For the evaluation of variables potentially associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin the multivariate analysis were performed by logistic regression. Results. Among 275 cases of UTI caused by E. coli in patients with gynecological cancer included in the study, the prevalence of samples resistant to ciprofloxacin was 31%. The prevalence of samples resistant to other antimicrobials such as cefazolin, ceftazidima, fosfomycin, gentamicin and nitrofurantoína increased significantly (p≤0,05) during the period. It was not detected resistance to amikacin and carbapenems. Two samples were producers of extended spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL). The variables independently associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin between samples of E. coli were: undergone nephrostomy (OR: 4.83; IC95%: 1.15-20.23; p: 0.031), hospitalization (OR: 4.00; IC95%: 1.35-11.85; p: 0.012) and use of fluoroquinolone (OR: 3.02; IC95%: 1.28- 7.91; p: 0.015) in the 3 months preceding the episode of UTI. Conclusion. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was high. Risk factors for this resistance were those related to urinary tract manipulation suggesting the possibility of cross transmission of samples resistant to ciprofloxacin, and previous use of fluoroquinolones

Anderson, P & Sinclair, F. Omvårdnad vid gynekologisk cancer. En litteraturstudie. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö universitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2019.Bakgrund: Årligen insjuknar cirka 3000 kvinnor i gynekologiska cancersjukdomar i Sverige. Detta omfattar maligna sjukdomar i ovarier, uterus, endometriet, cervix, och äggledare. Kvinnor i alla åldrar och livsfaser insjuknar i sjukdomar som på olika sätt och beroende på vilken livssituation kvinnan befinner sig i, påverkar henne. Sjukdomarna har olika prognos, symtom och behandling och medför således olika behov av omvårdnad. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att sammanställa kvinnors erfarenheter av omvårdnad vid gynekologisk cancer. Metod: Litteraturstudier genomfördes med sökningar i databaserna PubMed, Cinahl och PsycINFO, 13 kvalitativa artiklar valdes ut och sammanställdes i resultatet genom innehållsanalys där texterna lästes upprepade gånger, meningsbärande och återkommande delar valdes ut, tolkades och sammanställdes i gemensamma teman. Resultat: Ett huvudtema identifierades under analysens gång; Att bli sedd. Detta konkretiserades i tre teman; Kommunikation, Tillgänglighet och Tillit med totalt fem subteman. Konklusion: Gynekologisk cancer berör de kvinnor som insjuknar på olika sätt, bland annat beroende på vilken livsfas de befinner sig i. Kvinnor som insjuknar i gynekologisk cancersjukdom har en önskan om att ses som en individ och har olika behov av stöd och omvårdnad. Att bli sedd var ett genomgående tema som framkom i litteraturstudierna. Personcentrerad omvårdnad bör vara ett ledord i omvårdnad av gynekologiska cancersjukdomar.Nyckelord: gynekologisk cancer, omvårdnad, personcentrerad vård, sjuksköterska, upplevelser / Anderson, P & Sinclair, F. Nursing care during treatment for gynecological cancer. Degree project in nursing 15 Credits. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, 2019.Background: Each year approximately 3000 women in Sweden is diagnosed with gynecological cancer. This includes malignant diseases of the ovaries, uterus, endometrium, cervix and the fallopian tubes. Women of all ages and in all phases of life are afflicted differently, depending upon the phase of life she is in and when the cancer is detected. Gynecological cancers have different prognoses, symptoms and treatments. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to compile women´s perceptions and experiences of nursing care during gynecological cancer. Method: A literature review was conducted using the databases PubMed, Cinahl and PsycINFO, 13 qualitative studies were chosen and analyzed through content analysis. Meaningful parts of the articles were extracted and interpreted. Parts with similar messages were then compiled into themes. Findings: One main theme was identified through the analysis; To be seen. Three themes were then further identified during the analysis; Communication, Accessibility and Trust. Five sub-themes were additionaly included in the results. Conclusion: Gynecological cancer affects women in different ways depending on the phase of life and age they are in. Women are afflicted differently and want to be seen as individuals. To be seen was a recurring theme in the literature review. Person-centred care should be considered a leading word in nursing care for gynecological cancer.Key words: Experiences, gynecological cancer, nurse, nursing care, person-centred care

Bakgrund: Endometrios är en sjukdom som drabbar 10% av alla kvinnor i världen. Endometrios har komplexa symtom och det finns fortfarande stora kunskapsluckor om sjukdomen. Syfte: Att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att ha sjukdomen endometrios. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats, och 11 resultatartiklar inkluderades och bearbetades. Resultatartiklarna bearbetades genom att resultaten granskades, sammanställdes och kategorier skapades. Resultat: I resultatet framgick att kvinnor med endometrios upplevde många olika symtom som gav inverkan på flera aspekter av deras liv. Kvinnor upplevde att diagnosen försenades då de inte blev betrodda av hälso- och sjukvården eller av vänner och familj som kunde normalisera deras symtom. Resultatet delades in i fem huvudkategorier: Upplevelser av fysiska, psykiska och emotionella symtom, Upplevelser av mötet med hälso- och sjukvården, Upplevelser av behandlingsformer, Upplevelser av intima relationer och sexualitet och Upplevelser av att inte bli tagen på allvar. Konklusion: Endometrios kan påverka flera dimensioner av kvinnans hälsa och liv. Det är av vikt att sjukvården tillgodoser kvinnans fysiska och psykiska välbefinnande. En ökad medvetenhet om hur sjukdomen påverkar kvinnan och hennes livssituation är väsentligt i ett omvårdnadsperspektiv. / Background: Endometriosis is a disease that affects 10% of all women in the world. Endometriosis generates complex symptoms and there are still substantial knowledge gaps about this disease. Objective: To describe women’s experiences of having the disease endometriosis. Method: The study was conducted as a literature study with an inductive approach, where 11 result articles were used and processed. The articles were processed by reviewing and compiling the results and thereafter categories were created. Results: In the result it appeared that women with endometriosis experienced multiple different symptoms that had impact on numerous aspects of their life. Women experienced a delay in diagnosis due to not being believed by healthcare professionals and family and friends who could normalize their symptoms. The analysis resulted in five main categories: Experiences of physical, psychological and emotional symptoms, Experiences of encounters with healthcare, Experiences of treatment, Experiences of intimate relationships and sexuality and Experiences of not being taken seriously. Conclusion: Endometriosis can impact multiple different aspects of women’s lives. It is of importance that healthcare meets the needs of the women’s psychological and physical well-being. An increased awareness of how the disease affects the woman and her life situation is essential from a nursing perspective.

Bakgrund: I Sverige drabbas cirka 3000 kvinnor varje år av gynekologisk cancer. Cancer i kvinnans reproduktionsorgan innefattar cancer i äggstockarna, livmodern, livmoderhalsen, vulva och vaginan. Vanligtvis behandlas dessa cancerformer med cytostatika, strålbehandling, kirurgi eller hormonbehandling. Kvinnorna behandlas med kombinerade eller enskilda behandlingsformer beroende på cancerns form och stadium. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva kvinnors erfarenheter av gynekologisk cancer efter avslutad behandling. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie innehållande 15 artiklar med både kvantitativa och kvalitativa ansatser samt mixed-methods. Dessa artiklar har sökts fram i databasen Medline via PubMed. Huvudresultat: Kvinnorna hade både negativa och i sällsynta fall även positiva erfarenheter efter en gynekologisk cancerbehandling. Oavsett om det var positiva eller negativa erfarenheter orsakade de förändringar i kvinnornas liv. Dessa förändringar innebar psykiska, fysiska och sociala konsekvenser som kvinnorna fick leva med under en längre tid. Slutsats: Även om kvinnornas erfarenheter var individuella upplevde många kvinnor liknande konsekvenser efter behandlingen mot gynekologisk cancer. Kvinnorna påverkades psykiskt, fysiskt och socialt vilket ledde till förändringar i deras liv. Sjuksköterskan hade en central roll i kvinnans möte med vården och sjuksköterskan bör eftersträva bästa möjliga omvårdnad för den unika kvinnan. / Background: About 3000 women are affected by gynecological cancer in Sweden every year. Cancer in female genitals includes cancer of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina and vulva. These cancers are usually treated with chemotherapy, radiation, surgery or hormone treatment. The women are treated with combined or individual treatments depending on the type and stage of the cancer. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe women's experiences of gynecological cancer after the treatment was concluded. Methods: This study is a descriptive literature study containing 15 articles with both quantitative and qualitative approaches and mixed-methods. These articles have been searched in the database Medline through PubMed. Results: The women experienced both negative and in rare cases also positive experiences after a gynecological cancer treatment. Whether it was positive or negative experiences it caused changes in women’s lives. These changes entailed psychological, physical and social consequences that the women had to live with for a long time. Conclusion: Although the women’s experiences were individual, many women experienced similar consequences after treatment for gynecological cancer. The women were affected menatally, physically and socially which led to changes in their lives. The nurse had a central role in the women's encounter with the care and the nurses should strive for the best possible care for the unique woman.

Introduktion: I Sverige insjuknar ungefär 3 000 kvinnor i gynekologisk cancer varje år, symptom samt behandlingen ger upphov till många olika biverkningar. Att diagnostiseras med cancer kan skapa varierande reaktioner och upplevas på olika sätt.  Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka hur kvinnor upplever att det är att leva med gynekologisk cancer samt deras upplevelse av stöd från vården.  Metod: En litteraturstudie med en deskriptiv kvalitativ design och en induktiv ansats för att granska vetenskapliga artiklar. Det sammanställda resultatet utgjordes av tio kvalitativa artiklar, hämtade från databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och Psycinfo.  Resultat: I resultatet kunde fyra huvudteman fastställas; Upplevelser av förändrad kroppsuppfattning, upplevelser av förändrade relationer, upplevelser av emotionell omställning och stöd från vården. Cancersjukdomen kunde medföra både psykiskt och fysiskt lidande för kvinnorna, som till exempel förändrad självmedvetenhet och fertilitet. Informationen som kvinnorna fick av vårdpersonalen upplevdes ofta som bristfällig och flera önskade mer stöd och kunskap om sin sjukdom.  Slutsats: Många fysiska och psykiska upplevelser uppstår i samband med att en kvinna blir diagnostiserad med gynekologisk cancer. Stöd från närstående och sjukvården ansågs som viktiga komponenter i kvinnornas tillfrisknande. Bristande information skapade svårigheter för bearbetningsprocessen. För att vården ska bli personcentrerad och omvårdnadsprocessen ska kunna utformas efter patientens behov är det av vikt att som sjuksköterska ha kunskap om hur kvinnor upplever livet med cancer. / Introduction: Around 3000 women are diagnosed with gynecological cancer in Sweden every year, with symptoms and treatments causing many different side effects. Being diagnosed with cancer can create varying reactions which can be experienced in different ways.  Aim: The aim was to investigate how women experience living with gynecological cancer and their experience of the support from the health care provider.  Method: A literature review with a descriptive qualitative design and an inductive approach to review scientific articles. The compiled result consisted of ten qualitative articles, retrieved from the databases Cinahl, PubMed and Psycinfo.  Results: Four main themes were identified; Experiences of changed body perception, Experiences of changed relationships, Experiences of emotional adjustment and Experience of the support from the health care provider. The cancer diagnosis could cause both mental and physical suffering for the women, such as transformed self-awareness and fertility. The information the women received from the health worker was often perceived as deficient and a considerable number of them wanted more support and knowledge about their illness.  Conclusion: Several physical and mental experiences appear in connection with a woman being diagnosed with gynecological cancer. Support from relatives and the health care provider were considered important components in the women ́s recovery. Lack of information created difficulties for the processing experience. In order for the health care to be person-centered and to enable the nursing process to be designed after the patient's needs, it is important as a nurse to have knowledge of how women experience life with cancer.

Bakgrund: En gynekologisk undersökning innebär en undersökning av kvinnans inre ochyttre könsorgan och genomförs vid bland annat cellprovtagning, blödningar, smärta ochgynekologiska sjukdomar. I Sverige genomförs ca 1,5 miljoner gynekologiska undersökningarvarje år. Idag finns lite forskning kring vad som gör upplevelsen positiv för kvinnorna. Syfte:Att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser i samband med gynekologisk undersökning inom hälsoochsjukvården. Metod: En kvalitativ metasyntes med en metaetnografisk analys. Studieninkluderar 11 artiklar som söktes fram i databaserna CINAHL, PubMed samt i GoogleScholar. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i två teman, Från osäker till empowered beskriverkvinnornas grad av delaktighet som påverkas av information, kunskap och kommunikation.Sexualitetens närvaro beskriver kvinnornas sexuella erfarenheter, sexualitet och könet påundersökaren och hur dessa påverkar den gynekologiska undersökningen. Slutsats:Välinformerade kvinnor som upplever att de har kunskap om den gynekologiskaundersökningen upplever ökad makt och större delaktighet i den gynekologiskaundersökningen. Kvinnornas sexuella erfarenheter, deras (hetero)sexualitet och könet påundersökaren påverkar kvinnornas känsla av trygghet. Klinisk tillämpbarhet: Med resultatetsom bakgrund kan barnmorskor påverka den kliniska verksamheten att ges mer tid tillinformation och utbildning av kvinnor gällande den gynekologiska undersökningen.Framförallt till unga kvinnor vid ungdomsmottagningarna. / Background: A gynecological examination involves an examination of the woman’s internaland external genitalia. It is performed in cases of bleeding, pain, pap-smear testing andgynecological diseases. In Sweden, about 1.5 million gynecological examinations areperformed every year. Today, there is a lack of research on how the experience could bepositive for women. Aim: To describe women’s experiences of the gynecological examinationin health care. Method: A qualitative meta-synthesis analyzed with a meta-ethnographicmethod. The study includes 11 articles which were searched for in CINAHL, PubMed andGoogle Scholar. Results: The result are presented in two themes. From insecure toempowered shows that women’s degree of power and participation is affected by information,knowledge and communication. The presence of sexuality describes the women’s sexualexperiences, their sexuality and the gender of the examiner and how these affect thegynecological examination. Conclusion: Women who are well informed and who feel theyhave knowledge about the gynecological examination experience an increased power and agreater participation. Women’s sexual experiences, (hetero)sexuality and the gender of theexaminer affect women’s sense of security. Clinical applicability: By using the result,midwives can influence the different clinics to give more time for information and educationof women about the gynecological examination. Especially to the young women visiting theyouth clinics.