2023 kunde Aftonbladet avslöja en granskning med motsägande information kring H&Ms annars utstickande hållbarhetsarbete. Det framkom i granskningen att H&Ms klädinsamling som har kommit till att bli den största i världen inte återanvänder eller återvinner kläderna på det sättet som utlovas och att flera av plaggen hamnar på platser, som världens värsta dumpningsplats i Benin. Krisen utifrån ett kommunikationsperspektiv blir således intressant att undersöka för att se hur ett multinationellt företag som H&M kriskommunicerar när deras annars utstickande varumärkesprofilering som grön ledande aktör på marknaden ifrågasätts. Följande studie syftar därav till att undersöka varumärket H&Ms kriskommunikation via tre uttalanden kring denna kris av vdn Helena Helmersson. Detta kommer göras med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att besvara studiens två forskningsfrågor och uppfylla studiens syfte. Analysen använder Image repair theory och Situational crisis communication theory för att analysera studiens material genom att koda och kategorisera. Begreppet greenwashing applicerades vidare för att kunna synliggöra kommunikationens budskap. Studien kom fram till att Helmersson inte använder sig av de rekommenderade försvarsstrategierna utan använder sig istället av enkelt förnekande, goda avsikter, bolstering, hänvisa till ett högre syfte och attack. Vidare kom studien vidare fram till att Helmerssons kriskommunikation kan förstås i dimensionera av greenwashing som ett underliggande budskap.

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Sociala medier tillsammans med Instagram tar mer och mer plats i dagens samhälle och företag ställer sig ständigt frågan hur de bör marknadsföra sig där. Denna studie undersöker den uppkommande strategin regram, vilket innebär en återupprepning av en redan publicerad bild på Instagram. Denna studie baseras på de tre svenska klädkedjorna Gina Tricot, H&M och KappAhl samt dess användande av regrams via Instagram. Genom netnografisk forskningsmetod analyseras hur 56 regrams reaktioner påverkas utifrån innehåll, tillgänglighet och ursprungliga skapare. Utifrån detta är syftet att se vilka bild- och textkompositioner utifrån utvalda kategorier som bidrar till flest positiva och flest negativa reaktioner under den 17 veckor långa studieperioden. Resultatet visar att flest positiva reaktioner genereras av bild-kompositionen porträttbild. Detta medan flest negativa reaktioner framkommer från varierade bildkompositioner, där streetstyle-bilder sticker ut något. Ett textinnehåll av marknadsföring är vanligt använt och har bidragit till såväl flest positiva reaktioner som flest negativa. I studien presenteras att såväl innehåll som tillgänglighet och ursprungliga skapare påverkar reaktionerna för klädkedjornas regrams. Detta på både positiva och negativa sätt. Syftet är att bidra till en ökad förståelse för det sociala mediet Instagram, samt se hur marknadsförare kan dra nytta av strategin regram. Studien kan i slutändan på grund av diverse begränsningar inte ge några generella slutsatser för vilka kompositioner som bidrar till vilka reaktioner. / This study is based on the three Swedish clothing lines Gina Tricot, H&M and KappAhl and their use of regrams through Instagram. Through a netnographic research this study examines how the interaction of 56 regrams gets affected by content, presence and the original creators. Based on this, the aim is to see the most positive and most negative reactions that emerge from what compositions of picture and text. The 17 long period of studying the regrams shows that the composition portrait generates most positive interactions. This while the most negative reactions emerges from a variation where streetstyle images stand out a bit. A text content of marketing is commonly used and has contributed to the most positive and negative reactions. The study presents that as well as contents such as presence and original creators affects the reactions of the clothing lines regrams. In both positive and negative ways. The aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the social media Instagram and see how marketers of clothing lines can benefit from the studied strategy. The study is in the end not able to give any general conclusions, because of various restrictions.

A lot of today’s marketing have moved to social media-platforms, especially Facebook. But how do companies use this media to communicate to their customers? And what does the customers who follow the companies on Facebook feel about the content being published? The purpose of this study is to get a better understanding on what two large companies, H&M and Spotify, publish on Facebook and to find out what their followers perception of the content is. The methods used are mixed methods, meaning a mix between qualitative and quantitative methods and a comparative analysis on the result from both methods. The qualitative methods are in the form of interviews with ten people, five that follows H&M and five that follow Spotify on Facebook. A content analysis is performed on all the content published by H&M and Spotify during a six month period, from 01-02-16 to 30-07-15. The study shows that both companies primarily used relationship marketing on their Facebook-pages by publishing mostly recommendations and information from either the music- or fashion market rather than their own products, and that these follower’s thought the content was diverse and relevant to them as a target audience. / Sociala medie-kanaler så som Facebook inkluderas allt mer inom dagens marknadsföring. Men hur använder företag detta medium för att kommunicera med sina kunder? Och vad tycker kunderna som följer företag på Facebook om innehållet? Syftet med denna studie är att få en större förståelse om vad två stora företag, H&M och Spotify, publicerar på Facebook och ta reda på vad deras följares uppfattning är kring innehållet. De metoder vi har använt oss av är mixed methods, som innebär en blandning av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder och en jämförande analys av resultatet från de båda. Den kvalitativa metoden är i intervjuform med tio personer; fem som följer H&M och fem som följer Spotify. En innehållsanalys gjordes på alla inlägg som H&M och Spotify publicerade mellan 01-02-16 till 30-07-15. Resultatet av studien visade att de båda företagen främst arbetade med relationship marketing på deras Facebook-sidor genom att mest publicera rekommendationer och information om musik- och modebranschen, mer än deras egna produkter och tjänster. Intervjuerna visade att de undersökta följarna också fann detta innehåll varierat och relevant för dem som målgrupp

This study aims to see how H&M are using crisis communication through Facebook to investigate if they are able to contain their reputation and trustworthiness during and after crisis. This has been done by a quantitative content analysis and the qualitative critical discourse analysis with Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The study is based on theories relating to crisis communication, brand preservation, ethnicity and rhetoric. The study has been conducted on an official statement H&M made on its Facebook page where 579 comments were analyzed. In the quantitative analysis, three themes emerged from which qualitative research took its starting point to prevent the occurrence of subjective interpretations of the material. In the qualitative analysis, these themes developed and deployed in the categories racism, defense and insultment with subsequent subcategories. These themes were analyzed further in relation to the theoretical framework. H&Ms statement and answers have been analyzed separately. The study found that crises based on trust such as this children's collection probably trigger harder against smaller companies that are more dependent on reputation and credibility than world- leading clothing companies like H&M.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de procedimentos de avaliação da qualidade de equipamentos mamográficos a partir do processamento de imagens digitais obtidas com a exposição radiográfica de objetos de testes (phantoms) padronizados. O sistema desenvolvido permite a avaliação de diversos parâmetros físicos de qualidade da imagem radiográfica com simplicidade e rapidez, sem abrir mão da precisão, com o mínimo tempo e uso dos equipamentos. Os principais parâmetros avaliados relacionados à qualidade de um sistema de imagem são: a resolução espacial - pela medida da função de transferência de modulação (MTF) - o contraste - medido pela curva sensitométrica e o ruído - pela medida da densidade espectral de ruído (NPS). Dessa forma, o sistema desenvolvido atende às recomendações do ICRU (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements), que trata das diretrizes para controle de qualidade de imagens radiográficas em todo o mundo. A partir da medida desses três parâmetros de qualidade é possível também aferir a eficiência de detecção quântica (DQE) do sistema de imagem mamográfica, que permite uma avaliação completa da qualidade da imagem em função da dose recebida pelo paciente. Os resultados obtidos comprovam a possibilidade da aplicação prática do sistema desenvolvido, o qual proporciona uma avaliação completa da qualidade da imagem formada pelo equipamento. Todos os resultados apresentaram baixa estimativa de erro, fundamentados pela análise da incerteza nos processos de medida. Além disso, a avaliação por meio do DQE permitiu realizar uma comparação entre os sistemas mamográficos envolvidos nessa pesquisa. Assim, com base nesses resultados é possível afirmar que o sistema computacional desenvolvido pode desempenhar um papel fundamental na avaliação da qualidade em sistemas de imagens mamográficas. / The aim of this work is to develop a set of procedures for quality assurance of mammographic equipment by the digital image processing of radiographic images of standard test objects (phantoms) acquired by the radiographic equipment. It allows the evaluation of several physical parameters of the radiographic image quality by a simple and quick procedure, with good accuracy, using the equipment the shortest time as possible. The main evaluated parameters related to the quality of an imaging system are: spatial resolution - by measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) - image contrast - by the measurement of the H&D curve and noise - evaluated by the noise power spectrum (NPS). Thus, it attends the recommendations of the ICRU (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements), which deals as the guidelines for quality assurance of radiographic images all over the world. Through these quality parameters is possible to measure the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of any mammographic system, which allows a full evaluation of the image quality related to the dose absorbed by the patient. The results confirm the possibility of the practical application of the developed system, which provides a full evaluation of the image quality, acquired by the mammographic equipment. All results showed low error estimation, substantiated by the analysis of the uncertainty in measurements procedures. Moreover, the evaluation through the DQE allowed to perform a comparison of mammography systems involved in this research. Thus, based on these results, it is possible to confirm that its system can perform a fundamental part of the quality assurance in mammographic images system.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de procedimentos de avaliação da qualidade de equipamentos mamográficos a partir do processamento de imagens digitais obtidas com a exposição radiográfica de objetos de testes (phantoms) padronizados. O sistema desenvolvido permite a avaliação de diversos parâmetros físicos de qualidade da imagem radiográfica com simplicidade e rapidez, sem abrir mão da precisão, com o mínimo tempo e uso dos equipamentos. Os principais parâmetros avaliados relacionados à qualidade de um sistema de imagem são: a resolução espacial - pela medida da função de transferência de modulação (MTF) - o contraste - medido pela curva sensitométrica e o ruído - pela medida da densidade espectral de ruído (NPS). Dessa forma, o sistema desenvolvido atende às recomendações do ICRU (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements), que trata das diretrizes para controle de qualidade de imagens radiográficas em todo o mundo. A partir da medida desses três parâmetros de qualidade é possível também aferir a eficiência de detecção quântica (DQE) do sistema de imagem mamográfica, que permite uma avaliação completa da qualidade da imagem em função da dose recebida pelo paciente. Os resultados obtidos comprovam a possibilidade da aplicação prática do sistema desenvolvido, o qual proporciona uma avaliação completa da qualidade da imagem formada pelo equipamento. Todos os resultados apresentaram baixa estimativa de erro, fundamentados pela análise da incerteza nos processos de medida. Além disso, a avaliação por meio do DQE permitiu realizar uma comparação entre os sistemas mamográficos envolvidos nessa pesquisa. Assim, com base nesses resultados é possível afirmar que o sistema computacional desenvolvido pode desempenhar um papel fundamental na avaliação da qualidade em sistemas de imagens mamográficas. / The aim of this work is to develop a set of procedures for quality assurance of mammographic equipment by the digital image processing of radiographic images of standard test objects (phantoms) acquired by the radiographic equipment. It allows the evaluation of several physical parameters of the radiographic image quality by a simple and quick procedure, with good accuracy, using the equipment the shortest time as possible. The main evaluated parameters related to the quality of an imaging system are: spatial resolution - by measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) - image contrast - by the measurement of the H&D curve and noise - evaluated by the noise power spectrum (NPS). Thus, it attends the recommendations of the ICRU (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements), which deals as the guidelines for quality assurance of radiographic images all over the world. Through these quality parameters is possible to measure the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of any mammographic system, which allows a full evaluation of the image quality related to the dose absorbed by the patient. The results confirm the possibility of the practical application of the developed system, which provides a full evaluation of the image quality, acquired by the mammographic equipment. All results showed low error estimation, substantiated by the analysis of the uncertainty in measurements procedures. Moreover, the evaluation through the DQE allowed to perform a comparison of mammography systems involved in this research. Thus, based on these results, it is possible to confirm that its system can perform a fundamental part of the quality assurance in mammographic images system.

The work is about development of spain retailing chain in the field of textile and clothing. The goal of work is finding development the company during timeframe and comparing position of company with competitions.

<p dir="ltr">Generative Image-to-Image Translation (I2IT) involves transforming an input image from one domain to another. Typically, this transformation retains the content in the input image while adjusting the domain-dependent style elements. Generative I2IT finds utility in a wide range of applications, yet its effectiveness hinges on adaptations to the unique characteristics of the data at hand. This dissertation pushes the boundaries of I2IT by applying it to stain-related problems in computational pathology. Particularly, the main contributions span two major applications of stain translation: H&E-to-H&E and H&E-to-IHC, each with its unique requirements and challenges. More specifically, the first contribution addresses the generalization challenge posed by the high variability in H&E stain appearances to any task-specific machine learning models. To this end, the Generative Stain Augmentation Network (G-SAN) is introduced to augment the training images in any downstream task with random and diverse H&E stain appearances. Experimental results demonstrate G-SAN’s ability to enhance model generalization across stain variations in downstream tasks. The second key contribution in this dissertation focuses on H&E-to-IHC stain translation. The major challenge in learning accurate H&E-to-IHC stain translation is the frequent and sometimes severe inconsistencies in the groundtruth H&E-IHC image pairs. To make training more robust to these inconsistencies, a novel contrastive learning based loss, named the Adaptive Supervised PatchNCE (ASP) loss is presented. Experimental results suggest that the proposed ASP-based framework outperforms the state-of-the-art in H&E-to-IHC stain translation by significant margins. Additionally, a new dataset for H&E-to-IHC translation – the Multi-IHC Stain Translation (MIST) dataset, is released to the public, featuring paired images from H&E to four different IHC stains. For future directions of generative I2IT in stain translation problems, a proof-of-concept study of applying the latest diffusion model based I2IT methods to the problem of virtual H&E staining is presented.</p>

Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies globally and recently introduced digital pathology enables the use of machine learning as an aid for fast diagnostics. This project aimed to develop a deep neural network model to specifically identify and differentiate dysplasia in the epithelium of colorectal polyps and was posed as a binary classification problem. The available dataset consisted of 80 whole slide images of different H&amp;E-stained polyp sections, which were parted info smaller patches, annotated by a pathologist. The best performing model was a pre-trained ResNet-18 utilising a weighted sampler, weight decay and augmentation during fine tuning. Reaching an area under precision-recall curve of 0.9989 and 97.41% accuracy on previously unseen data, the model’s performance was determined to underperform compared to the task’s intra-observer variability and be in alignment with the inter-observer variability. Final model made publicly available at https://github.com/stinabr/classification-of-colorectal-polyps.