This diploma thesis is focused on invertebrates' survival and activity during winter; and on methods of their capture. The first part of the theoretical section describes principles of cold hardiness, strategies of winter survival and activity in snow environment. Furthermore, different methods of invertebrates capturing are presented. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the verification of selected invertebrates capturing methods during winter. The results summarize the differences in the diversity and quantity of animals caught; and provide an overview and characteristics of selected captured taxa. Suggestions for a snow fauna excursion and a practical exercise focused on capturing invertebrates during winter are proposed based on the results of the study. KEYWORDS cold hardiness, winter survival, winter activity, snow fauna, invertebrate animals, catching methods, pitfall traps

För att hantera den förändrade situationen i närområdet måste Försvarsmakten öka sin operativa förmåga och med det, även sin rekrytering. För specialförbanden har utebliven värnplikt inneburit en reducerad rekryteringsbas samtidigt som Försvarsmakten, för att öka sin operativa förmåga, bl.a. skapat förband med specifika kompetenser, förmågor och uppgifter vilket i sin tur lett till en konkurrenssituation avseende bemanning. För specialförbanden har detta tillsammans med ett lågt utfall från uttagningstesterna inneburit en utmaning att tillgodose det operativa behovet av systemets viktigaste resurs, personalen. Denna kvalitativa studie som baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer och en workshop syftar till att, utifrån operativ personal vid specialförbanden, fördjupa förståelsen för hur utfallet av uttagningstesterna skall kunna förbättras. Studiens identifierade drivkrafter, som ligger till grund för individer att söka till samt fullfölja de fysiskt och psykiskt krävande uttagningstesterna, analyseras därför gentemot motivationsteorier, organisatoriska perspektiv och psykologiska begrepp. Studien tyder på att även om drivkrafterna för att söka till respektive fullfölja testerna skiljer sig åt, så bidrar dessa tillsammans med stödjande funktioner till individens förmåga att härda ut, vilken är avgörande för att fullfölja uttagningstesterna.  Utifrån resultatet kan specialförbandens attraktion utformas och riktas på ett tydligare sätt. Vidare kan befintliga urvalskriterier vidareutvecklas för att ur det totala antalet sökande, kunna kalla de individer med bäst förutsättningar att lyckas fullfölja och klara uttagningsprocessen. / The Swedish Armed Forces needs to increase the recruitment rate and operational capability in order to handle the developing situation in the region. For the Special Forces, the lack of conscripts has meant a reduced recruitment at the same time as the rest of the Armed Forces, in order to increase operational capability, has created units with specific skills, abilities and tasks, which in turn have led to a competitive situation regarding the staff. This together with a high attrition rate from selection process has led to a challenge meeting the operational demand regarding the Special Forces most valuable asset, the personnel. This qualitative research, based on semi-structured interviews and a workshop with operational personnel at the Special Forces aims to increase the understanding of how the outcome of the selection process can be improved. The driving factors identified in this research, which form the basis for individuals to apply to the Special Forces and complete the physically and psychologically demanding selection tests, are hence analysed in relation to motivational theories, organizational perspectives and psychological terms. The study indicates that the drive for applying to and completing the selection differ, however, both of them combined with supportive functions contribute to the individual's ability to persevere and are crucial elements for completing the selection process.  Based on the results attraction of the Special Forces can be designed and directed more accurately. Furthermore, existing selection criteria can be refined in order to, out of the total number of applicants, be able to select the individuals with the best chance to successfully complete the selection process.

The purpose was to examine the effect of a self-care educational intervention on nursing student resilience and thus the potential for compassion fatigue, depersonalization, burnout, depression, and inadequate self-care. A one-group pretest-posttest research design was applied to a convenience sample of 104 nursing students near the end of their last semester in a baccalaureate nursing program. The measurements were demographics, a psychometric resilience scale, program evaluation, and reflection question. The intervention was a standardized, intensive 30 min training program on the high degree of stress and burnout nurses face and the core self-care methods that can promote resilience to these hazards. The educational intervention had a strong positive effect on resilience scores (effect size of r=72%; p < 0.05). Eighty-six percent of the participants believed that the intervention increased their capabilities for self-care, especially in sleep, spending time outside, hydration, nutrition, and physical stretching exercises but not in journaling. Eighty-one percent stated that they would be likely to seek professional help if needed. Although this study must be repeated in other samples before it be implemented with full confidence, the standardized, high intensity, short duration, resilience training session can be recommended to nursing programs just prior to graduation and to hospitals for nurse orientation programs.

Объектом исследования явилась жизнестойкость подростков с нарушениями опорно-двигательного аппарата как психологический феномен. Предметом исследования стало психологическое содержание жизнестойкости подростков с НОДА. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (38 источника) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 75 страниц, на которых размещены 14 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база. Первая глава включает в себя обзор литературы по теме исследования, описание теоретических подходов к изучению жизнестойкости. Представлены разделы, посвященные факторам жизнестойкости личности, роли жизнестойкости в преодолении возникающих трудностей и психолого-педагогическим особенностям подростков с НОДА. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: Тесту жизнестойкости С. Мадди (в адаптации Д. А. Леонтьева, Е. И. Рассказовой), Личностному опроснику Г. Айзенка (EPI), методике Дембо-Рубинштейн (в модификации А. М. Прихожан), копинг-тесту Р. Лазаруса и С. Фолкман (в адаптации Л. И. Вассермана). Также в главе представлены сравнительный, корреляционный и факторный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам. / The subject matter of the study is hardiness in adolescents with disorders of the musculoskeletal system as a psychological phenomenon. The object matter of the study is psychological content of hardiness of adolescents with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusions, a list of references (38 sources) and an annex including the blank forms of the applied methods. The volume of the master`s thesis is 75 pages, which includes 14 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the chosen research problem, the level of development of the problematics; the objective and the tasks of the study are set, the subject matter and the scope of the research are determined, hypotheses are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are defined. The first chapter includes a review of literature on the research topic, a description of theoretical approaches to the study of hardiness. The sections devoted to the factors of the hardiness of the individual, the role of hardiness in overcoming the emerging difficulties and the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of adolescents with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, are presented. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It includes a description of the organization and methods of the study, as well as the results obtained due to the applied methods: a Hardiness Test by S. Maddi (adapted by D. Leontiev, E. Rasskazova), a G. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPI), a Method of Self-Esteem Measurement by Dembo-Rubinstein (in the modification of A.Prikhozhan), a Ways of Coping Questionnaire by R. Lazarus and S. Folkman (adapted by L. Wasserman). Also, the chapter presents a comparative, correlation and factor analysis of the results of the study. The findings of Chapter 2 are the main results of the empirical study. In the conclusion, brief results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are presented, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses.

Объектом данной работы является жизнестойкость людей. Предметом исследования связь между жизнестойкостью и личностными особенностями людей. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы. Объем магистерской диссертации 81 страниц, на которых размещены 11 рисунков и 31 таблица. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме исследования, проводится общетеоретический анализ тематики. Представлены разделы, посвященные рассмотрению жизнестокости, счастья, социально-психологической адаптации, толерантности к неопределённости, локусом контроля, мотивацией к успеху. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: Также в главе представлены сравнительный и корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of this work is the resilience of people. The subject of the study is the relationship between resilience and personal characteristics of people. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of literature. The volume of the master's thesis is 81 pages, on which are placed 11 figures and 31 table. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problematics, the purpose and objectives of the research are set, the object and the subject of the study are determined, the basic and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are specified, as well as the stages of the research, the scientific novelty, the significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the study, a general theoretical analysis of topics is conducted. The sections devoted to the study of vitality, happiness, socio-psychological adaptation, tolerance to uncertainty, a locus of control, motivation for success are presented. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It describes the methods of the study conducted and the results obtained from all the methods used: Also in the chapter the comparative and correlation analysis of the research results is presented. The conclusions of Chapter 2 include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, are presented in a generalized form, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of this problem are described.

Объектом исследования явилась адаптация родителей к условиям дистанционного обучения детей. Предметом исследования стали личностные характеристики родителей с различной самооценкой адаптации к условиям дистанционного обучения детей. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (105 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик, сводную таблицу данных, описательные статистики. Объем магистерской диссертации 112 страниц, на которых размещены 14 рисунков и 8 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования. В первой главе в результате анализа научной литературы были определены теоретические основания роли жизнестойкости, копинг-стратегий и эмоциональных особенностей личности в процессе адаптации к новым условиям. Были выделены классификации типов и уровней развития адаптации в трактовке разных авторов. Раскрыто содержание основных подходов к объяснению понятий «жизнестойкость», «копинг-стратегии» в современных психологических исследованиях. Были проанализированы психологические аспекты дистанционного обучения младших школьников в условиях Covid 19. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: авторской анкете для диагностики адаптации родителей к условиям дистанционного обучения школьников младших классов, методике «Копинг-поведение в стрессовых ситуациях CISS» (в адаптации Т.Л. Крюковой), «тест жизнестойкости» (С. Мадди), «Методика самооценки тревожности, ригидности и экстравертированности» (по Д. Моудсли). Также в главе представлен сравнительный и корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was the adaptation of parents to the conditions of distance learning for children. The subject of the research was the personal characteristics of parents with different self-assessment of adaptation to the conditions of distance learning of children. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (105 sources) and an appendix, which includes the forms of the methods used, a summary table of data, descriptive statistics. The volume of the master's thesis is 112 pages, which contain 14 figures and 8 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the theoretical and practical significance of the work. the elaboration of the problematics, the goal and objectives of the research are set, the object and subject of the research are determined, the main hypotheses are formulated, the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of the research, are indicated. In the first chapter, as a result of the analysis of scientific conditions, the theoretical foundations of the role of hardiness, coping strategies and functions in the process of adaptation to new ones were used. The classes and levels of development of adaptation were identified in the interpretation of different authors. The content of the main approaches to the explanation of the concepts of "hardiness", "coping strategy" in modern psychological research is revealed. The psychological aspects of distance learning of primary schoolchildren in the context of Covid 19 were analyzed. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It contains a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: the author's questionnaire for diagnosing the adaptation of parents to the conditions of distance learning for primary schoolchildren, the method "Coping behavior in stressful situations CISS" (adapted by T.L. Kryukova ), "Test of resilience" (S. Maddy), "Methodology for self-assessment of anxiety, rigidity and extroversion" (according to D. Moudsley). The chapter also provides a comparative and correlation analysis of the research results. The findings of Chapter 2 are the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, brief results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are presented, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses. The practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of the problematics are described.

No description available.

This research worked toward a general aim of analysing the role of salutogenic functioning as moderator variable in coping and noncoping. A sample of forty-one community service doctors (N = 41) employed in KwaZulu-Natal hospitals was obtained. According to the literature, salutogenic properties are expected to act as generalised resistance resources. Based on this assertion, it was assumed that: degree of salutogenic functioning = degree of coping = degree of stress and burnout. The results demonstrated high levels of stress and depersonalisation burnout. Salutogenic functioning tended to be low, especially for sense of coherence. The results indicated, no significant relationship between stress/burnout and salutogenic functioning. Salutogenic functioning was unable to differentiate between copers and noncopers. These results contradicted the literature assertion that high scores on salutogenic functioning correlate with low scores on stress/burnout. It was concluded that variables other than personality moderated for the high levels of stress and burnout in the sample. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

This study investigated the relationship between specific psychosocial factors and susceptibility to the common cold in a sample of 124 distance runners. A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess the role of life events, coping, hardiness, training workload and competition frequency in the athlete's risk of infection. Using correlational statistical techniques, it was found that the magnitude of recent life changes and the avoidance coping strategy of denial were positively related to self-reported symptoms of the common cold. Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation was observed between hardiness and symptom duration scores. However, approach coping, training workload and competition frequency were not significantly related to the dependent measures. The results of this study suggest that certain stress-related psychosocial factors are associated with susceptibility to the common cold in distance runners. Several strategies for the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in this group are implied by these findings. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

The question the researcher set out to answer during this research is: How is a caring concern maintained by the (student nurse) as caregiver? It stemmed from unresolved plausible hypotheses stated during a previous qualitative study into the phenomenon caring, from media reports on the "poor care" rendered in health institutions in South Africa, and a concern about the Tylerian rationale in nursing education. The theory generation required was achieved through Wertz's Empirical Psychological Reflection and existential phenomenology. Heidegger's theory of"Care as the essence of being" constituted a central concept in this research. A linguistic epistemology and expanded definition of the term empirical were also pertinent in this research. The literature review focussed on the methodology, ontology (caring and maintenance) and epistemology, serving a purpose towards bracketing. A purposive sample of informants was extracted according to students' performance on the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI). Sixteen qualitative research interviews were conducted. Analysis was conducted through open coding, categorisation and axial coding. At the idiographic level, twelve individual psychological profiles were constructed serving the purpose of imaginative variation. At the nomothetic level four major themes emerged, namely: The Caring Phenomenon (Contextualisation); Factors Eroding a Caring Concern; Factors in the Maintenance of a Caring Concern; and Core Experiences. The dialogue among the four intra-psychic processes of Care, will, meaning attribution and conscience accounts for all events encountered in the data. This dialogue results in either reason or intuition, displaying caring and the maintenance of a caring concern. Positing will and conscience as thesis and antithesis, the resulting synthesis postulates the basic ethical concepts of autonomy, authority, responsibility and accountability as existentially inherent to being and existence, and to the maintenance of a caring concern. The final manifestation of the object ofintention, maintenance, is proposed as an anthropological model. When extended to the fields of (nursing) education, human motivation and the teaching of (nursing) ethics, emotional intelligence, social intelligence, the self-science curriculum and life-skills training become imperative to (nursing) curricula. It is also proposed that human caring be studied as a manifestation of human motivation. / Health Studies / D. Litt et Phil. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)